discolouration

OBJECTIVES: Resin-based composites (RBCs) evolved into favoured materials for teeth restorations, marking a significant change in dental practice. Despite many advantages, RBCs exhibit various limitations in their physical and chemical properties. Therefore, we assessed the dentists' awareness of possible complications after direct composite restorations and their opinions about this material. METHODS: The online questionnaire was created in English in May 2023...

Minoxidil is a widely utilized medication androgenic alopecia. An original investigation on its potential to cause hair darkening in treated people is lacking. We conducted an observational study using two face-validated questionnaires that dermatologists altered to assess minoxidil's hair discolouration risk. This Saudi Arabian survey collected data in October and November 2022. One questionnaire targeted the population, while the other targeted dermatologists. Survey 1 included 453 patients, 56.7% of whom were 18-24 and mostly female...

OBJECTIVE: Discolouration of primary teeth, often attributed to trauma and pulpal infection, is a prevalent concern that can significantly impact the esthetics and self-esteem of children. To address this issue, bleaching techniques have emerged as a viable treatment option. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the effectiveness of bleaching agents in managing discoloured primary teeth. METHODS: Two reviewers independently conducted an electronic database search using PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, CINAHL via EBSCO, Scopus, and Web of Science until September 26,2023...

One frequent side effect of chronic pancreatitis is pancreatic pseudocyst. Abdominal pain and vomiting are common complaints that the patient presents with. However, atypical manifestations of pancreatic pseudocyst still confound medical professionals worldwide, making identification challenging and ultimately increasing the risk of fatal consequences. We describe the case of a 41-year-old man who had decompensated liver cirrhosis linked to alcohol intake. The patient presented with dysphagia and yellowish skin discolouration, which, upon further investigation, turned out to be peripancreatic pseudocysts extending into the mediastinum...

OBJECTIVES: The trial aimed to compare the clinical performance and radiographic success of ACTIVA BioACTIVE versus Compomer in restoring class-II cavities of primary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A non-inferior split-mouth design was considered. A pre-calculated sample size of 96 molars (48 per group) with class-2 cavities of twenty-one children whose ages ranged from 5 to 10 years were randomly included in the trial. Pre-operative Plaque Index (PI), DMFT/dmft scores and the time required to fill the cavity were recorded...

BACKGROUND: Despite its widespread use, the adverse effects (AEs) of memantine have not been well documented, and there is a need to find new ways to analyze the AEs of memantine. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: AEs in which the primary suspected drug was memantine were retrieved from the FAERS database. The proportional report ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and empirical Bayesian geometric mean (EBGM) were used to detect potential positive signals between memantine and AEs...

BACKGROUND: Conducting oral treatment early in the disease course, is encouraged for better health outcomes. Obtaining informed consent is an essential part of medical practice, protecting the legal rights of patients and guiding the ethical practice of medicine. In practice, consent means different things in different contexts. Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Silver Fluoride (SF) is becoming popular and cost effective methods to manage carious lesions, however, cause black discolouration of lesions treated...

OBJECTIVE: Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) is known to have an essential role in the success of endodontic treatment by eliminating pathogens from the root canal system. Unfortunately, it causes discolouration and cytotoxicity at high concentrations. The objective of this research was to assess and compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of various concentrations (1 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg) of TAP, TAP hydrogel (TAPH), M-TAP, and M-TAP hydrogel (MTAPH) against Enterococcus faecalis. METHODS: The agar well diffusion method was used to assess the antibiotic sensitivity of the following intracanal medicaments: TAP (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline) mixed in a ratio of 1: 1: 1; TAPH, M-TAP (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and amoxicillin), M-TAPH and plain hydrogel...

We report a case of Raynaud's phenomenon in a patient with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). A middle-aged right-handed housewife presented with complaints of severely painful hand discolouration for 1 week, which usually worsened with cold exposure. She was diagnosed with PsA 6 months earlier. Her PsA was well controlled with weekly methotrexate. Physical examination showed no features of scleroderma or skin necrosis of her right hand. Both radial pulses were strong and symmetrical. Her nailfolds were visibly normal...

BACKGROUND: Bulgur, a whole wheat product, has attracted attention in the world in recent years because of its wide usage possibility in different meals. The basic ingredients in bulgur production are wheat and water. The influence of water composition on bulgur quality has not been investigated. Iron in water can cause discolouration in foods by oxidising and reacting with phenolic compounds and also hardening the structure of the foods. Therefore, in this study, the effects of the iron content of water on the quality of bulgur were examined...

Seven teeth extracted from two adult California sea lions ( Zalophus californianus ) due to pulp exposure and/or to gain access to the mandibular canine teeth were histologically evaluated, and the findings were compared with clinical and radiographic findings. Three teeth were diagnosed with pulp exposure, and two of these showed no radiographic signs of endodontic disease and were histologically vital with prominent coronal pulpitis and a pulp polyp. Another tooth with pulp exposure was showing clinical and radiographic signs of endodontic disease and was histologically confirmed with pulp necrosis...

BACKGROUND: Toenail onychomycosis affects approximately 6.7% of Canadians. Symptoms include nail discolouration/disfiguration and pain; psychosocial impacts contribute to reduced health-related quality-of-life. Comorbid diabetes increases the risk of complications and exacerbates burden. Treatment may include topical therapy and/or oral agents. PURPOSE: To understand toenail onychomycosis treatment preferences, and to quantify the impact of toenail onychomycosis, with or without diabetes, on patient well-being...

A woman in her fifth month of pregnancy presented to the outpatient department with vomiting, generalised itching and yellowish discolouration of the skin for 1 week. No history of rashes, fever, pain abdomen or altered stools. In view of four pregnancy losses previously, she was evaluated to have antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and was advised low molecular weight heparin. She was a known type-II diabetic on insulin. Prophylactic oral dydrogesterone and natural micronised progesterone were started at a local hospital 2 months prior, in view of threatened abortion...

World tree nut production has increased rapidly by around 50 % in the past decade; however, nut defects cause losses. For example, we know that brown centres are a major internal discolouration defect in macadamia nuts and are linked to the storage of nut-in-shell under improper conditions at high temperature and humidity. However, key chemical changes in brown centre kernels have not been described. In this study, we compared brown centres and white kernels from: 1) samples that were "induced" in the laboratory by storing at high moisture concentration; and 2) samples that were dried immediately after harvest using industry best practice methods recommended by the Australian Macadamia Society (AMS)...

Accurate minimum post-mortem interval (minPMI) estimations often rely on a precise age determination of insect developmental stages, which is significantly influenced by environmental temperature. An optimal preservation of the entomological samples collected at crime scenes is pivotal for a reliable aging of immature insect samples. For blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), the most widely used insect indicators in forensic investigations, an appropriate preservation of tissues is particularly important in the case of puparial samples because aging methods for intra-puparial forms usually depend on morphological analyses; however, although informative soft tissues and structures could be discoloured and/or distorted if they are not properly fixed, there is a lack of studies to assess different methods for the optimal preservation of intra-puparial forms collected in forensic investigations...

Porphyrias are a group of diseases characterized by a deficiency of enzymes in the haem biosynthetic pathway. Congenital Erythropoietic porphyria is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder lacking uroporphyrinogen III synthase. This inherited deficiency results in accumulating uroporphyrinogen I and coproporphyrinogen I in the bone marrow, skin, bones, and other tissues, ultimately excreted via urine and faeces. Clinical manifestations include severe photosensitivity on open body parts with blisters, scarring, hypertrichosis, and mutilations...

UNLABELLED: The overlap of systemic sclerosis and inflammatory myositis is a rare disorder which results in immune system activation and production of autoantibodies. We present a case of a 28-year-old female with complaints of generalized weakness, multiple joint pain, facial puffiness, and blackish discolouration of skin over the last 4 months. Blood investigations demonstrated autoantibodies positive for overlap syndrome. She was managed with hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil and steroids...

A prospective observational case series included six patients who presented with discoloured upper and lower teeth extending from the right second premolar to the left second premolar. The photoactivation dosimetry and treatment protocol were as follows: λ 450 nm, 1 W, CW; flattop beam profile; 1 cm2 ; 15 J/spot; 10 irradiated spots; an irradiation time of 15 s/spot; three whitening cycles in a single session. Blanc One ULTRA+ was the bleaching agent. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was utilised to evaluate the pain intensity and dental hypersensitivity during treatment immediately after complete treatment (T1), 24 h (T2), and 8 h (T3) postoperatively, and at an 8-month follow-up timepoint (T4), whereas the dental colour shade change was assessed using the VITA colour shade guide pre-treatment (T0), T1, and T4...

INTRODUCTION: Pigmentary changes can be bothersome and affect one's well-being. Laser therapy has been shown to effectively treat such skin discolouration. We aimed to assess the utility of a 755 nm alexandrite laser in pigmented lesions removal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 109 patients aged 44.17 ± 8.2 years were enrolled and underwent laser treatment of facial skin hyperpigmentation. The efficacy was analysed on the basis of photographic diagnosis using the VISIA Complexion Analysis System...

(1) Background: Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), named Günther's disease, is a rare recessive type of porphyria, resulting from deficient uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROS), the fourth enzyme of heme biosynthesis. The phenotype ranges from extremely severe perinatal onset, with life-threatening hemolytic anaemia, to mild or moderate cutaneous involvement in late-onset forms. This work reviewed the perinatal CEP cases recorded in France in order to analyse their various presentations and evolution...