HCAI

BACKGROUND: Timely reperfusion is necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Initial care by facilities with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) capabilities reduces time to reperfusion. We sought to examine whether insurance status was associated with initial care at emergency departments (EDs) with PCI capabilities among adult patients with STEMI. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using Department of Healthcare Access and Information, a nonpublic statewide database reporting ED visits and hospitalizations in California...

INTRODUCTION: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are an important clinical and public health issue, impacted by the purported increase in healthcare-associated infections (including CLABSI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review evaluates the impact of COVID-19 on CLABSI at a global level, to determine risk factors, effective preventive measures and microbiological epidemiology. METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed using a PECO framework, with COVID-19 infection as the exposure measure and CLABSI rates as the main outcome of interest, pre- and during the pandemic...

Healthcare-acquired infections (HCAI) represent a major health problem worldwide. Stroke and dementia are considered risk factors for HCAI. Preliminary data suggest that use of antipsychotic drugs also increase the risk for HCAI. Here, we performed a retrospective study aimed at investigating the major risk and protective factors for HCAI in a cohort of elderly subjects hospitalized at an Italian tertiary Neurology Clinics. We included all patients with age ≥ 65 years hospitalized at Neurology Clinics of National Institute on Ageing, Ancona, Italy from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2021...

Contaminated-hospital surfaces are an important source of pathogenic bacteria causing health-care associated infection (HCAIs). Monitoring the performance of disinfectants that are routinely used to clean hospital surfaces is critical for prevention and control of HCAIs. Nevertheless, the evaluation of the performance of disinfectants and their efficacy are not routinely practiced in most resource-limited countries. This study was designed to determine the efficacy of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) and chloroxylenol against American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and their respective multidrug resistant (MDR) strains causing neonatal sepsis at a zonal referral hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania...

In this study, the in vitro effects of some indole Schiff bases on acetylcholinesterase and human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I and II were investigated. A series of N-methylindole hydrazide/hydrazone derivatives ( 1a-1t ) were tested on these enzymes. The interactions of the synthesized indole derivatives with target enzymes were studied by molecular docking methodology. The results revealed that indole derivative Schiff base compounds inhibited the enzymes significantly. Ki values for hCAI isoenzyme were determined to be in the range of 36...

The recommendations for the general public as well as the tools offered to healthcare professionals for their practices are consistent with the 2022-2025 national strategy for the prevention of infections and antibiotic resistance. They therefore cover both infection prevention and the proper use of antibiotics.

INTRODUCTION: Hospital Presumptive Eligibility (HPE) is a temporary Medicaid insurance at hospitalization which can offset patient costs of care, increase access to post-discharge resources, and provide a path to sustain coverage through Medicaid. Less is known about the implications of HPE programs on trauma centers (TCs). We aimed to describe the association with HPE and hospital Medicaid reimbursement, as well as characterize incentives for HPE participation among hospitals and TCs...

INTRODUCTION: Nosocomial infections or healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) represent a public health problem. The burden of antibiotic resistance in these infections is still unclear in Morocco. The objective of this study was to describe antibiotic susceptibility of the main bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections in order to propose prevention measures. METHODOLOGY: Data were collected from 1519 laboratory records including hospital inpatients suspected of nosocomial infections in Mohamed V Hospital of Al-Hoceima between January 2016 and December 2020...

The burden of Hospital care-associated infections (HCAIs) is becoming a global concern. This is compounded by the emergence of virulent and high-risk bacterial strains such as "ESKAPE" pathogens - ( E nterococcus faecium , S taphylococcus aureus , K lebsiella pneumoniae , A cinetobacter baumannii , P seudomonas aeruginosa and E nterobacter species), especially within Intensive care units (ICUs) that house high-risk and immunocompromised patients. In this review, we discuss the contributions of AMR pathogens to the increasing burden of HCAIs and provide insights into AMR mechanisms, with a particular focus on last-resort antibiotics like polymyxins...

OBJECTIVE: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) in patients admitted with acute conditions pose a serious risk to patients and a major challenge to healthcare services. However, there is a lack of consistency in reporting aetiological risk factors, particularly in acute stroke patients. Here, we determined independent risk factors of two common HCAIs (urinary tract infection and pneumonia) acquired within 7-days of admission after an acute stroke. METHODS: Data were prospectively collected (2014-2016) from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme for 3,309 patients (mean age=76...

The carbonic anhydrase isoform IX (hCAIX) is one of the main players in extracellular tumor pH regulation, and it is known to be overexpressed in breast cancer and other common tumors. hCA IX supports the growth and survival of tumor cells, and its expression is correlated with metastasis and resistance to therapies, making it an interesting biomarker for diagnosis and therapy. The aim of this work deals with the development of an MRI imaging probe able to target the extracellular non-catalytic proteoglycan-like (PG) domain of CAIX...

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) associated with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative (ESC-R GN) bacteria are an emerging concern in veterinary hospitals, especially in companion animal intensive care units (ICUs). METHODS: To understand the molecular epidemiology of ESC-R GN isolates in two veterinary hospitals (equine and small animal), a 6-month pilot study was performed during which fecal and environmental samples were obtained twice from selected patients, upon ICU admission and after 48 h of hospitalization...

A series of carvacrol-based thiosemicarbazide (3a-e) and 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine (4a-e) were designed and synthesized for the first time. The structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and high resolution mass spectroscopy techniques. All compounds were examined for some metabolic enzyme activities. Results indicated that all the synthetic molecules exhibited powerful inhibitory actions against human carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCAI and II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes compared to the standard molecules...

Class Ia/b cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) variants cause severe lung disease in 10% of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and are untreatable with small-molecule pharmaceuticals. Genetic replacement of CFTR offers a cure, but its effectiveness is limited in vivo . We hypothesized that enhancing protein levels (using codon optimization) and/or activity (using gain-of-function variants) of CFTR would more effectively restore function to CF bronchial epithelial cells. Three different variants of the CFTR protein were tested: codon optimized (high codon adaptation index [hCAI]), a gain-of-function (GOF) variant (K978C), and a combination of both (hˆK978C)...

The negative impact of high antimicrobial use (AMU), antimicrobial resistance and healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) on children is concerning. However, a lack of available paediatric data makes it challenging to design and implement interventions that would improve health outcomes in this population, and impedes efforts to secure additional resources. The upcoming 2023 national point-prevalence survey of HCAIs and AMU in hospitals, led by the UK Health Security Agency, is an opportunity to collect valuable information, which will enable healthcare providers and policy makers to optimize antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention practices in all populations, including children...

UNLABELLED: Background. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has heightened concerns regarding transmitting hospital-acquired infections through high-contact points in healthcare facilities, such as door handles, which can serve as reservoirs for pathogenic micro-organisms. With the increased infectivity of the serious acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, there is greater awareness of the risk of multidrug-resistant bacteria on these surfaces, necessitating strict surveillance prevention protocols...

BACKGROUND: Point prevalence surveys are an important surveillance method for determining the burden of healthcare-care associated infections (HCAIs). AIM: To outline the key results of two point prevalence surveys in England (2011 and 2016). METHODS: All NHS and Independent sector hospitals in England were eligible to participate. Data were collected between September and November in both 2011 and 2016 based on the protocol and codebook devised by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control...

INTRODUCTION: Sufficient knowledge and adherence to infection control measures are essential for healthcare workers to effectively combat healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). Radiography undergraduates should stay updated and proficient in their infection control practice. This study aimed to assess knowledge and practice of infection control measures during radiological procedures among radiography undergraduates in Sri Lanka. METHOD: A web-based, descriptive, self-administered, cross-sectional study was conducted...

An optimization strategy was adopted for designing and synthesizing new series of 2-oxindole conjugates. Selected compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative effect in vitro against NCI-60 cell lines panel, inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms (hCAI, II, IX and XII), and protein kinases. Compounds 5 and 7 showed promising inhibitory effects on hCA XII, whereas compound 4d was the most potent inhibitor with low nanomolar CA inhibition against all tested isoforms. These results were rationalized by using molecular docking...

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) affect the most vulnerable people in society and are increasingly difficult to treat in the face of mounting antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Routine surveillance represents an effective way of understanding the circulation and burden of bacterial resistance and transmission in hospital settings. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to retrospectively analyse carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria from a single hospital in the UK over 6 years ( n =165)...