Infections in obstetrics

BACKGROUND: Maternal infection by SARS-CoV-2 may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and causes pathological changes in the placenta. However, consensus regarding characteristic pathological features is lacking. Researchof the placental histopathology in a cohort of women from Mizoram, India, was conducted to relate the SARS-CoV-2 infection's effectswith pregnancy and its outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The characteristics of 72 pregnant women diagnosed positive for SARS-CoV-2 who eventually delivered at Zoram Medical College Hospital, Mizoram, neonates' well-being, and histopathological features of placentas were studied...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of male hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and serostatus on sperm quality, pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal outcomes following intrauterine insemination for infertility. DESIGN AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from 962 infertile couples undergoing intrauterine insemination treatment at a single center. The case group comprised 212 infertile couples with male HBV infection, and the control group comprised 750 noninfected infertile couples...

OBJECTIVE: Public health interventions promoted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to control viral spread have impacted the occurrence of other communicable disease. Yet no studies have focused on perinatal infections with the potential for neonatal sequelae, including cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma gondii (TG). Here we investigate whether incidence rates of maternal primary CMV and TG infection in pregnancy were affected by the implementation of pandemic-related public health measures...

Postpartum group A streptococcal (GAS) sepsis is a rare obstetric complication with severe clinical implications and high morbidity and mortality, presenting diagnostic and management challenges. This report analyzes a complex case of postpartum GAS sepsis, highlighting the importance of understanding the pathophysiology and clinical trajectories of this often fatal pathogen. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on a patient with postpartum GAS sepsis. Literature review and case comparisons informed the study's context...

OBJECTIVE: To review current literature and guidelines on antiseptic surgical site preparations for preventing surgical site infections with consideration of contraindications specific to head and neck surgery. DATA SOURCES: PubMed/MEDLINE, clinicaltrials.gov, accessdata.fda.gov, Manufacturer websites. REVIEW METHODS: A scoping review on the literature and clinical studies comparing the efficacy of different surgical site preparations. Studies were included if they were a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing at least two commonly used and available antiseptic preparations...

Incarcerated gravid uterus (IGU) is a rare and serious obstetric complication. IGU is defined as the entrapment of the gravid uterus between the pubic symphysis and the sacral promontory. The incidence of IGU is 1 in 3000-10 000 cases. IGU is associated with significant obstetric complications, including preterm labor, intrauterine fetal death, growth restriction, renal failure, uterine ischemia/rupture and thrombosis. Here, we present the case of a primigravida with urinary retention at 14 weeks...

OBJECTIVE: Conflicting evidence for the association between COVID-19 and adverse perinatal outcomes exists. This study examined the associations between maternal COVID-19 during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes including preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), small-for-gestational age (SGA), large-for-gestational age (LGA) and fetal death; as well as whether the associations differ by trimester of infection. DESIGN AND SETTING: The study used a retrospective Mexican birth cohort from the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico, between January 2020 and November 2021...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence, perinatal outcomes and factors associated with neonatal sepsis in referral-level facilities across Nigeria. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of data from the Maternal and Perinatal Database for Quality, Equity and Dignity Programme in 54 referral-level hospitals across Nigeria. SETTING: Records covering the period from 1 September 2019 to 31 August 2020. POPULATION: Mothers admitted for birth during the study period, and their live newborns...

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of robust evidence to recommend the use of perioperative ureteric catheterisation or stenting in complex gynaecological surgery. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the evidence on the benefits and risks of perioperative ureteric catheterisation or stenting in complex gynaecological surgery. SEARCH STRATEGY: A literature search was performed in CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Embase and MEDLINE, from 1946 to January 2024, using a combination of keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terminology...

BACKGROUND: Patients with endometriosis are thought to have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and estimates suggest that 6.2% of them were infected with SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study enrolling 284 women at the Polyclinic of Modena between January 2020 and April 2021. Patients were given specific questionnaires to investigate COVID-19 infection and any changes in gynecological symptoms. All patients were also administered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Syndrome (HADS) Questionnaire to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic...

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common complications of gynecologic cancer surgery. Current guidelines recommend the administration of cefazolin pre-operatively to reduce SSI rates for patients undergoing clean-contaminated surgeries such as hysterectomy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a quality improvement project adding metronidazole to cefazolin for antibiotic prophylaxis on SSI rate for women undergoing gynecologic surgery at a comprehensive cancer center...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if vaginal metronidazole for 5 days before hysterectomy decreases postoperative infections and patient issues. DESIGN: This randomized trial compared vaginal metronidazole for 5 days before a scheduled hysterectomy to no intervention. Sample size calculation was based on a 20% difference in issues and infection (30% incidence and 10% in the intervention arm) with 80% power and an alpha error of 0.05 and indicated 62 subjects needed in each arm...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in pre-pregnancy, pregancy and loctation. METHODS: The clinical data of pregnancy complicated with IBD in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University Third Hospital and deli-very from September 2011 to June 2022 were collected. The clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. According to the state of diseases during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation, the patients were divided into active and remission group, and the two groups were compared interms of pre-pregnancy counseling, nutritional status, pregnancy and delivery complications, gestational week, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcome...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the various causes and factors leading to preterm birth in women presenting at tertiary care hospitals. METHODS: The cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted from June 19, 2021, to January 19, 2022, at the Central Park Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, in collaboration with other tertiary care teaching hospitals in Lahore, and comprised pregnant women aged 15-45 years with preterm birth. Demographic and obstetric data was collected...

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) affects reproductive-aged women. Active disease can lead to decreased fertility. Although the vast majority of international guidelines recommend for the continuation of anti-TNF-α during pregnancy, recent studies have raised concerns about the safety of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) therapy during pregnancy, both for patients and for physicians. METHODS: Studies that evaluate the safety of anti-TNF-α therapy in pregnant women with IBD were identified using bibliographical searches...

Cancer will continue to be a major source of morbidity and mortality globally during the foreseeable future. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer is now a serious problem in both women and men. The most common HPV-related cancer is cervical cancer in females and oropharyngeal cancer in males. Eastern Africa has a high age-standardized incidence of HPV-related cancers, followed in order by Southern Africa, Central Africa, and then the rest of Africa. Among Asian and Oceania countries, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Indonesia, Maldives, and Myanmar have extremely high age-standardized incidences and mortality...

Listeriosis is a rare foodborne infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes It has been reported to be commonly found among the obstetric population, immunocompromised group and elderly, presumably due to the lower immunity status in these populations. Presentation in pregnancy is usually non-specific like fever, diarrhoea, respiratory tract symptoms and preterm rupture of membrane. These make the diagnosis challenging and may delay the correct management. We present a case of a female in her early 40s, gravida 4 para 0+3 at 27 weeks who presented with fever...

BACKGROUND: In low-risk pregnancies, third trimester ultrasound examination is indicated if fundal height measurement and gestational age discrepancy is observed. Despite potential improvement in detection of ultrasound abnormality, prior trials to date on universal third trimester ultrasound examination in low-risk pregnancies, compared to indicated ultrasound examination, have not demonstrated improvement in neonatal or maternal adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to determine if universal third trimester ultrasound examination in low-risk pregnancies could attenuate composite neonatal adverse outcome...

OBJECTIVES: Investigations about cesarean delivery (CD) on maternal request (CDMR) and infant infection risk frequently rely on administrative data with poorly defined indications for CD. We sought to determine the association between CDMR and infant infection using an intent-to-treat approach. METHODS: This was a population-based cohort study of low-risk singleton pregnancies with a term livebirth in Ontario, Canada between April 2012 and March 2018. Subjects with prior CD were excluded...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To investigate the impact of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: We selected 512 pregnant women, collected the data including maternal demographics, main adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal HBV infected markers HBeAg and HBV-DNA loads status, then have a comparative analysis. RESULTS: There were 319 solitary ICP patients without HBV infection (Group I) and 193 ICP patients with HBV infection...