MODY type diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is associated with higher rate of ventricular arrhythmias and this is hypothesised to be independent of coronary artery disease or hypertension. To investigate further we compared changes in left ventricular myocardial gene expression in Type 2 diabetes to patients in a control group with left ventricular hypertrophy. 9 control patients and 7 patients with type 2 diabetes with aortic stenosis undergoing aortic valve replacement had standard ECGs, signal averaged ECGs and echocardiograms prior to surgery...

Monogenic forms of diabetes (historically known as Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)) are caused by single gene mutations inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion that result in reduced pancreatic beta cell function. Children with these forms of diabetes may be misdiagnosed as having type 1 or 2 diabetes, which has important implications for treatment, genetic counselling, screening of family members and prognosis. Useful tools now exist to aid in their diagnosis and management. Here, we attempt to outline the clinical features that will help the physician make the differentiation from other diabetes subtypes...

OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prevalent cause of mortality among patients with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Recent evidence suggests a strong link between atherosclerosis and insulin resistance due to impaired insulin receptor (IR) signaling. Moreover, inflammatory cells, in particular macrophages, play a key role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance in humans. We hypothesized that inhibiting the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), the major negative regulator of the IR, specifically in macrophages, would have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects and lead to protection against atherosclerosis and CVD...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical phenotypes of Glucokinase - Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (GCK-MODY) pediatric patients from South-West Poland and to search for phenotype-genotype correlations. METHODS: We performed retrospective analysis of data of all 37 CGK-MODY patients, 21 girls, age 1.9-20.1, mean 12.5±5.2 years, treated in our centre. A retrospective analysis of clinical data from years 2002-2013 was performed. RESULTS: GCK-MODY carriers were found among 1043 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients (3%), they were second the most numerous groups of DM patients, following type 1 DM, in our centre...

AIMS: SGLT2 inhibitors are a new class of oral hypoglycemic agents used in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Their effectiveness in maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is unknown. We aimed to assess the response to a single dose of 10 mg dapagliflozin in patients with Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 Alpha (HNF1A)-MODY, Glucokinase (GCK)-MODY, and type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We examined 14 HNF1A-MODY, 19 GCK-MODY, and 12 type 2 diabetes patients. All studied individuals received a single morning dose of 10 mg of dapagliflozin added to their current therapy of diabetes...

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox B (HNF1β) is an essential transcription factor for the development and functioning of the kidney. Mutations in HNF1β cause autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease characterized by renal cysts and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Moreover, these patients suffer from a severe electrolyte phenotype consisting of hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia. Until now, genes that are regulated by HNF1β are only partially known and do not fully explain the phenotype of the patients...

AIMS: Precise diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) has proven valuable for understanding mechanism of diabetes and selecting optimal therapy. A proband and her mother with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) were studied to investigate potential genes responsible for diabetes and different severity of DKD between the parent and offspring. METHODS: The family with suspected MODY underwent mutational analyses by the whole exome sequencing (WES). Candidate pathogenic variants were validated by Sanger sequencing and tested for co-segregation...

Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) type 4 or PDX1-MODY is a rare form of monogenic diabetes caused by heterozygous variants in PDX1. Pancreatic developmental anomalies related to PDX1 are reported only in neonatal diabetes cases. Here, we describe dorsal pancreatic agenesis in two patients with PDX1-MODY. The proband presented with diabetes since 14 years of age and maintained regular glycemic control with low doses of basal insulin and detectable C-peptide levels after 30 years with diabetes. A diagnosis of MODY was suspected...

BACKGROUND: Estimated monogenic diabetes (MD) prevalence increases as screening programs proceeds. OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence of MD among Polish children. SUBJECTS: Patients and their family members suspected of suffering from MD (defined as causative mutation in one of the Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young or permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus genes) were recruited between January 2005 and December 2015. METHODS: Nationwide prevalence was estimated based on data from 6 administrative provinces (out of 16 in Poland) with high referral rates of patients (>10 per 100 000 children)...

BACKGROUND: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a monogenic form of diabetes mellitus characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, early age of onset, and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Heterozygous mutations in several genes may cause MODY. METHODS: In the present study, we investigated the molecular spectrum of HNF1A (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1a) mutations, in the individuals referred to a reference center for molecular genetic analysis. Mutations screening was performed in a group of 136 unrelated patients (average age 17...

We describe the case of a 7 year old girl referred to our Diabetes Unit for hyperglycemia associated to facial dysmorphic features, intellectual disability and cerebral cavernomas, who was initially diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (positive anti-IA2 antibody and HLA DR3/DR4/DQ2). In follow up, due to the evolution of the diabetes (very good metabolic control with low insulin dose and negative IA-2 antibodies - samples analyzed in two different laboratories-), first clinical suspicion was GCK-related Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY 2) by persistent mild hyperglycemia in the fasting state, which was substantiated in Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA)...

Context: An etiologic diagnosis of diabetes can affect the therapeutic strategy and prognosis of chronic complications. Objective: The aim of the present study was to establish the relative percentage of different diabetes subtypes in patients attending Italian pediatric diabetes centers and the influence of an etiologic diagnosis on therapy. Design, Setting, and Patients: This was a retrospective study. The clinical records of 3781 consecutive patients (age, 0 to 18 years) referred to 15 pediatric diabetes clinics with a diagnosis of diabetes or impaired fasting glucose from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2012 were examined...

The precision medicine approach of tailoring treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient or subgroup has been a great success in monogenic diabetes subtypes, MODY and neonatal diabetes. This review examines what has led to the success of a precision medicine approach in monogenic diabetes (precision diabetes) and outlines possible implications for type 2 diabetes. For monogenic diabetes, the molecular genetics can define discrete aetiological subtypes that have profound implications on diabetes treatment and can predict future development of associated clinical features, allowing early preventative or supportive treatment...

In recent years, technological and analytical advances have led to an explosion in the discovery of genetic loci associated with type 2 diabetes. However, their ability to improve prediction of disease outcomes beyond standard clinical risk factors has been limited. On the other hand, genetic effects on drug response may be stronger than those commonly seen for disease incidence. Pharmacogenetic findings may aid in identifying new drug targets, elucidate pathophysiology, unravel disease heterogeneity, help prioritise specific genes in regions of genetic association, and contribute to personalised or precision treatment...

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has emerged as an important beneficial regulator of glucose and lipid homeostasis but its levels are also abnormally increased in insulin-resistant states in rodents and humans. The synthetic retinoid Fenretinide inhibits obesity and improves glucose homeostasis in mice and has pleotropic effects on cellular pathways. To identify Fenretinide target genes, we performed unbiased RNA-seq analysis in liver from mice fed high-fat diet ± Fenretinide. Strikingly, Fgf21 was the most downregulated hepatic gene...

AIMS: To compare adherence (proportion of days covered [PDC]), persistence, and treatment patterns among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) newly initiating glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). More specifically, the main objectives were to compare dulaglutide vs exenatide once weekly and dulaglutide vs liraglutide. METHODS: Patients with T2DM newly initiating dulaglutide, albiglutide, exenatide once weekly, exenatide twice daily and liraglutide between November 2014 and April 2015 were hierarchically selected from Truven Health's MarketScan Research Databases...

MODY is an early-onset monogenic form of diabetes. Correctly identifying MODY is of considerable importance as diagnosing the specific genetic subtype can inform the optimal treatment, with many patients being able to discontinue unnecessary insulin treatment. Diagnostic molecular genetic testing to confirm MODY is expensive, so screening strategies are required to identify the most appropriate patients for testing. In this issue of Diabetologia, Johansson and colleagues (DOI 10.1007/s00125-016-4167-1 ) describe a nationwide systematic screening approach to identify individuals with MODY in the paediatric age range...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of susceptible HLA-DRB1 alleles for type 1 diabetes in a cohort of pediatric patients with a confirmed genetic diagnosis of MODY. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 160 families with a proband diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and 74 families with a molecular diagnosis of MODY (61 GCK-MODY and 13 HNF1A-MODY) were categorized at high definition for HLA-DRB1 locus. According to the presence or absence of the susceptible HLA-DRB1 alleles for type 1 diabetes, we considered three different HLA-DRB1 genotypes: 0 risk alleles (no DR3 no DR4); 1 risk allele (DR3 or DR4); 2 risk alleles (DR3 and/or DR4)...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: MODY can be wrongly diagnosed as type 1 diabetes in children. We aimed to find the prevalence of MODY in a nationwide population-based registry of childhood diabetes. METHODS: Using next-generation sequencing, we screened the HNF1A, HNF4A, HNF1B, GCK and INS genes in all 469 children (12.1%) negative for both GAD and IA-2 autoantibodies and 469 antibody-positive matched controls selected from the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry (3882 children)...

Variants in HNF1A encoding hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF-1A) are associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young form 3 (MODY 3) and type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether functional classification of HNF1A rare coding variants can inform models of diabetes risk prediction in the general population by analyzing the effect of 27 HNF1A variants identified in well-phenotyped populations (n = 4,115). Bioinformatics tools classified 11 variants as likely pathogenic and showed no association with diabetes risk (combined minor allele frequency [MAF] 0...