Inflammation diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and insufficient insulin secretion. Sarcopenia, as a new complication of diabetes, is characterized by the loss of muscle mass and the progressive decline of muscle strength and function in T2DM patients, which has a serious impact on the physical and mental health of patients. Insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation are common mechanisms of diabetes and sarcopenia...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review meticulously delves into existing literature and recent findings to elucidate the intricate link between obesity and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) associated clonal hematopoiesis. It aims to enhance our comprehension of this multifaceted association, offering insights into potential avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent insights reveal that mutations in CHIP-associated genes are not limited to symptomatic patients but are also present in asymptomatic individuals...

The aim of this study is to investigate whether physical activity and the level of body fat are factors reducing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in people with T1DM. Twenty-five men (27.8 ± 9.4 years old; 178.9 ± 6.9 cm; 80.6 ± 12 kg) and 18 women (28.1 ± 12.5 years old; 162.4 ± 5.5; 63.1 ± 9.9 kg) were divided into four groups based on body fat percentage and level of physical activity (AN-active people with normal body fat; IAN-inactive people with normal body fat; AO-active people with excessive body fat, IAO-inactive people with excessive body fat)...

SCOPE: Among patients with diabetes, who have modified nutritional behavior and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the influence of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) on CVD remains unknown. The study aims to evaluate the association between UPF intake and the risk of CVD among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and further examine the potential biological pathways linking the association. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study includes 5405 participants with T2D who provided at least one 24-h dietary recall from the UK Biobank study...

Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is potentially associated with fetal growth retardation (FGR) through alleviating maternal inflammation and its linkage with several pregnancy complications. Thus, this study detected RvD1 levels at different trimesters of pregnancy, aiming to investigate its role in predicting FGR risk of elderly pregnant women. This prospective, observational cohort study enrolled 165 elderly pregnant women aged ≥35 years. Serum RvD1 was detected at 10-13 weeks (early pregnancy), 20-23 weeks (middle pregnancy), and 30-33 weeks (late pregnancy) of gestational week by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay...

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia, common in the elderly, often linked to chronic diseases, correlates with inflammation.The association between SII and mortality in sarcopenia patients is underexplored, this study investigates this relationship in a U.S. adult cohort. METHODS: We analyzed 1999-2018 NHANES data, focusing on 2,974 adults with sarcopenia. Mortality outcomes were determined by linking to National Death Index (NDI) records up to December 31, 2019. Using a weighted sampling design, participants were grouped into three groups by the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII)...

Obesity presents a significant global health challenge, increasing the susceptibility to chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Within the context of obesity, lipid metabolism, adipose tissue formation, and inflammation are intricately linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). ERS modulates metabolism, insulin signaling, inflammation, as well as cell proliferation and death through the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Serving as a crucial nexus, ERS bridges the functionality of adipose tissue and the inflammatory response...

This detailed review disclosed the NF-κB pro-inflammatory gen's activity regulation and explored the therapeutic significance, activation, and inhibition. This study uncovers the structural intricacies of the NF-κB proteins and highlights the key role of SIRT1 in NF-kB signaling pathway regulation. Particularly the Rel Homology Domain (RHD), elucidating interactions and the regulatory mechanisms involving inhibitory proteins like IκB and p100 within the NF-κB signaling cascade. Disruption of the pathway is important in uncontrolled inflammation and immune disorders...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a typical chronic microvascular complication of diabetes, characterized by proteinuria and a gradual decline in renal function. At present, there are limited clinical interventions aimed at preventing the progression of DN to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, Chinese herbal medicine presents a distinct therapeutic approach that can be effectively combined with conventional Western medicine treatments to safeguard renal function...

Atherosclerosis, an immunoinflammatory disease of medium and large arteries, is associated with life-threatening clinical events, such as acute coronary syndromes and stroke. Chronic inflammation and impaired lipoprotein metabolism are considered to be among the leading causes of atherosclerosis, while numerous risk factors, including arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and aging, can contribute to the development of the disease. In recent years, emerging evidence has underlined the key role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have dramatically increased. The intestinal flora and its derived metabolites are demonstrated to play vital roles in the etiology and onset of T2DM. Shouhuitongbian (SHTB) is a traditional Chinese formula to treat constipation. SHTB is composed of seven herbs and components of Colla corii asini (CCA) that are obtained from the hide of Equus asinus L.. Some of herbs in SHTB such as Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Cassia obtusifolia L...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes. Fucoidan, a polysaccharide containing fucose and sulfate group, ameliorates DN. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully understood. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanism of fucoidan on DN in high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice. A total of 90 C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to six groups ( n = 15) as follows: normal control (NC), diabetes mellitus (DM), metformin (MTF), low-dose fucoidan (LFC), medium-dose fucoidan (MFC), and high-dose fucoidan (HFC)...

In various diseases characterized by inflammation, the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) serves as a marker of inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently complicated by diabetic neuropathy (DN) and timely diagnosis is crucial for treatment and potential reversal of this complication. Since both DN and T2DM are associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation, our study aimed to evaluate CAR levels in type 2 diabetic subjects with DN and compare them to those in subjects without DN. Patients presenting to our institutional outpatient clinics were divided into two groups based on the presence of DN...

BACKGROUND: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of end-stage liver disease associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular disease. Obesity and diabetes are the most important risk factors of MASLD. It is well-established that obesity-associated insulin resistance leads to a situation of tissue lipotoxicity characterized by an accumulation of excess fat in non-fat tissues such as the liver, promoting the development of MASLD, and its progression into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis...

A new class of antidiabetic drugs - gliflozins (inhibitors of sodium glucose cotransporter-2; SGLT-2i) stimulate glucose and sodium excretion, thereby contributing to improved glycemic control, weight loss and blood pressure reduction in diabetic patients. Large clinical trials in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with empagliflozin, canagliflozin or dapagliflozin have demonstrated their excellent efficacy in improving many cardiovascular outcomes, including the reduction of death from cardiovascular diseases, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure...

Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and preterm birth (PTB) have excess cardiovascular disease compared to those with uncomplicated births, perhaps related to pre-pregnancy inflammation, dysmetabolism or endothelial dysfunction. We included 1238 women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (1985-2011) with 2215 births classified according to outcomes (term, uncomplicated births were the referent). Repeated measures ANOVA estimated pre-pregnancy, post-pregnancy and biomarker change according to pregnancy outcomes, adjusted for confounders...

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: To investigate the long-term efficacy of various encapsulated xenogeneic islet transplantation, and to explore the impact of different donor porcine genetic traits on islet transplantation outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Donor porcine islets were obtained from wild-type, α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (GTKO) and GTKO with overexpression of membrane cofactor protein genotype. Naked, alginate, alginate-chitosan (AC), alginate-perfluorodecalin (A-PFD) and AC-perfluorodecalin (AC-PFD) encapsulated porcine islets were transplanted into diabetic mice...

Lutein is a naturally occurring carotenoid synthesized by plants and algae that has a beneficial effect on several biological processes and associated ailments. Its immediate application is in ophthalmology, where it significantly lowers the incidences of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It also has anti-inflammatory action, treatment of diabetic retinopathy, and cataracts, and enhancement of visual contrast. To critically assess lutein biosynthesis, therapeutic applicability, and market research literature...

Acrylamide (ACR) is a common industrial contaminant with endocrine-disrupting toxicity. Numerous studies have indicated that females and diabetics are more sensitive to environmental contaminants. However, it remains unknown whether female diabetics are susceptible to ACR-induced toxicity and its potential mechanisms. Thus, the female ACR-exposure diabetic Balb/c mice model was established to address these issues. Results showed that ACR could induce liver injury in normal mice and cause more serious inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatocyte volume increase, and fusion in diabetic mice liver...

In recent years, preclinical research on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has surged to the forefront of scientific and clinical attention. DKD has become a pervasive complication of type 2 diabetes. Given the complexity of its etiology and pathological mechanisms, current interventions, including drugs, dietary modifications, exercise, hypoglycemic treatments and lipid-lowering methods, often fall short in achieving desired therapeutic outcomes. Iridoids, primarily derived from the potent components of traditional herbs, have been the subject of long-standing research...