Heat stress

Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) sustain epithelial renewal by dynamically altering behaviors of proliferation and differentiation in response to various nutrition and stress inputs. However, how ISCs integrate bioactive substance morin cues to protect against heat-stable enterotoxin b (STb) produced by Escherichia coli remains an uncertain question with implications for treating bacterial diarrhea. Our recent work showed that oral mulberry leaf-derived morin improved the growth performance in STb-challenged mice...

The heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene family plays a crucial role in the response of organisms to environmental stress. However, it has not been systematically characterized in shrimp. In this study, we identified 25 PcHsp70 genes in the Penaeus chinensis genome. The encoded proteins were categorized into six subgroups based on phylogenetic relationships. Tandem duplication was the main driver of amplification in the PcHsp70 family, and the genes have experienced strong purifying selection during evolution...

Four weeks before competition in the 2023 Marathon des Sables, a 6-stage, ~250 km running event in the Sahara Desert, we examined the effects of a 7-day intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract (210 mg anthocyanins per day) on 1 h treadmill running-induced physiological and metabolic responses in the heat (~34 °C, relative humidity: ~30%) in non-acclimatized amateur female and male athletes (age: 23, 38 yrs, BMI: 24.2, 28.4 kg·m-2 , body fat%: 29.2, 18.8%, V˙O2max : 50.1, 52.1 mL·kg-1 ·min-1 )...

Climate change is accompanied by changes in the exposome, including increased heat, ground-level ozone, and other air pollutants, infectious agents, pollens, and psychosocial stress. These exposures alter the internal component of the exposome and account for some of the health effects of climate change. The adverse outcome pathways describe biological events leading to an unfavorable health outcome. In this perspective study, I propose to use this toxicological framework to better describe the biological steps linking a stressor associated with climate change to an adverse outcome...

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the associated risk of colon cancer are increasing globally. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment has unique advantages. The Sishen Pill, a common Chinese patented drug used to treat abdominal pain and diarrhea, consists mainly of Psoraleae Fructus, Myristicae Semen, Euodiae Fructus, and Schisandra Chinensis. Modern research has confirmed that Sishen Pill and its active secondary metabolites, such as psoralen, myristicin, evodiamine, and schisandrin, can improve intestinal inflammation and exert antitumor pharmacological effects...

Transcription and export (TREX) is a multi-subunit complex that links synthesis, processing and export of mRNAs. It interacts with the RNA helicase UAP56 and export factors such as MOS11 and ALYs to facilitate nucleocytosolic transport of mRNAs. Plant MOS11 is a conserved, but sparsely researched RNA-binding export factor, related to yeast Tho1 and mammalian CIP29/SARNP. Using biochemical approaches, the domains of Arabidopsis thaliana MOS11 required for interaction with UAP56 and RNA-binding were identified...

Chocolate spot and heat stress devastatingly impact the production of faba bean, particularly under prevailing climatic changes and rising drastic environmental conditions. Hence, the adaptability of faba bean performance is a decisive objective of plant breeders to ensure its sustainable production. The present study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance and stability of diverse eleven faba bean genotypes for yield characters, chocolate spot, and heat stress in eight different growing environments. The faba bean genotypes were evaluated at two sowing dates in two different locations during two growing seasons...

Liquid confined in a nanochannel or nanotube has exhibited a superfast transport phenomenon, providing an ideal heat and mass transfer platform to meet the increasingly stringent challenge of thermal management in developing high-power-density nanoelectronics and nanochips. However, understanding the thermal transport of confined liquid is currently lacking and is speculated to be fundamentally different from that of bulk counterparts due to the unprecedented thermodynamics of liquid in nanoconfined environments...

Outbreaks of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 in farms are often triggered by heavy rains and flooding. Most cells die with the decreasing of soil moisture, while few cells enter a dormant state and then resuscitate after rewetting. The resistance of dormant cells to stress has been extensively studied, whereas the molecular mechanisms of the cross-resistance development of the resuscitated cells are poorly known. We performed a comparative proteomic analysis on O157:H7 before and after undergoing soil dry-wet alternation...

Biocopolymers based on vanillin/fufurylamine-biobenzoxazine (V-fa) and epoxide castor oil (ECO), a bioepoxy, were prepared for application as dental fiber-reinforced composite post. The mechanical and thermal properties of the V-fa/ECO biocopolymers were assessed with regard to the influence of ECO content. The addition of the ECO at an amount of 20% by weight into the poly(V-fa) preserved the stiffness, glass transition temperature and thermal stability nearly to the poly(V-fa). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to examine the curing kinetics of the V-fa/ECO monomer system with different heating rates...

Metal nanoparticles could be accumulated in soils, which threatens the ecological stability of crops. Investigating the effects of cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Cu2 O-NPs) on photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) of wheat seedling leaves holds considerable importance in comprehending the implications of Cu2 O-NPs on crop photosynthesis. Following the hydroponic method, we investigated the effects of 0, 10, 50, 100, and 200 mg·L-1 Cu2 O-NPs on chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics and photosynthetic-related genes in wheat seedlings of "Zhoumai 18"...

Lactation is energetically demanding for the dairy cow. Numerous morphological and metabolic changes orchestrated across different tissues in the body partition nutrients for milk synthesis. The liver is a key organ coordinating modifications in metabolism that increase substrate availability for the mammary gland. Impaired capacity to make the needed physiological adjustments for lactation, such as occurs with heat stress, can result in metabolic disease and poor lactation performance. At the cellular level, increases in mitochondrial density and bioenergetic and biosynthetic capacity are critical adaptations for successful lactation, providing energy and substrates for milk synthesis...

Cold and heat stress present welfare challenges for dairy calves. The consequences of thermal stress on biological functioning have been well documented, and many housing and management strategies have been evaluated to mitigate those detrimental impacts. In cold weather, mitigation strategies have largely focused on nutritional interventions or limiting heat loss with resources such as bedding or jackets. In hot weather, heat abatement strategies such as supplemental shade, increased environmental air exchange through passive ventilation, and forced air movement through mechanical ventilation have been evaluated...

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a highly conserved protein functioning as a "molecular chaperone", which is integral to protein folding and maturation. In addition to its high expression within cells upon stressful challenges, HSP70 can be translocated to the cell membrane or released from cells in free form or within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Such trafficking of HSP70 is also present in cancer cells, as HSP70 is overexpressed in various types of patient samples across a range of common malignancies, signifying that extracellular HSP70 (eHSP70) can serve as a tumor biomarker...

UNLABELLED: The present study was carried out to investigate the physio-biochemical and molecular responses of two rice genotypes (Noichi and N22) under drought, heat and combined drought/heat stress conditions. The antagonistic stomatal activity was found under the combined stress conditions; stomata were open under control and heat stress, conversely, stomata remained closed under drought and combined stress levels. Photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll content are decreased by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and increased lipid peroxidation in both rice genotypes...

OBJECTIVE: The skeleton is one of the largest organs in the body, wherein metabolism is integrated with systemic energy metabolism. However, the bioenergetic programming of osteocytes, the most abundant bone cells coordinating bone metabolism, is not well defined. Here, using a mouse model with partial penetration of an osteocyte-specific PPARG deletion, we demonstrate that PPARG controls osteocyte bioenergetics and their contribution to systemic energy metabolism independently of circulating sclerostin levels...

The simple and low-cost construction of a 3D network structure is an ideal way to prepare high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials. Herein, a series of carbon skeleton/carbon nanotubes/Ni3 ZnC0.7 composites (CS/CNTs/Ni3 ZnC0.7 ) are successfully prepared by in situ growth of Ni3 ZnC0.7 and CNTs on 3D melamine sponge carbon. With the increase of precursor, Ni3 ZnC0.7 nanoparticles nucleate and catalyze the generation of CNTs on the surface of the carbon skeleton. The minimum reflection loss (RL) value of the S60min composite (loading time of 60 min) reaches -86...

Heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) is a small molecule heat shock protein that plays an important role in plant growth, development, and stress resistance. Little is known about the function of Hsp20 family genes in apple (Malus domestica). Here, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the apple Hsp20 gene family, and a total of 49 Hsp20s genes were identified from the apple genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 49 genes were divided into 11 subfamilies, and MdHsp18.2b, a member located in the CI branch, was selected as a representative member for functional characterization...

Global warming threatens livestock production, especially in hot climates. This study evaluated the dose-dependent impacts of dietary curcumin nano-micelles (CNM) on rumen fermentation, nitrogen metabolism, and nutrient digestibility in heat-stressed fattening lambs. Thirty-two crossbred male lambs [ˆIle-de-France × (Dalagh × Romanov)] were utilized within the current study. The initial weight of lambs was documented as averaged by 31.2 ± 1.55 kg, while they were in their 4th to 5th months of age...

Maternal (F0 ) exposure to late-gestation heat stress reduces their daughter's (F1 ) mammary gland fat pad mass (FP), parenchyma (PAR) mass, and epithelial cell proliferation when evaluated at birth and weaning, and go on to produce less milk in their first lactation. Herein, we investigated the effect of maternal late-gestation heat stress on whole-body growth and mammary development of their granddaughters (F2 ). Multiparous F0 cows had access to heat abatement (n = 41, shade, and active cooling via fans and water soakers) or not (n = 41, shade only) for the last 56 d of gestation during a subtropical summer...