Perivalvular leak

Increasing data have accumulated on the role of Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT) in infective endocarditis (IE) with high accuracy for large vegetations, perivalvular complications and for exclusion of coronary artery disease to avoid invasive angiography. CCT can further help to clarify the etiology of infective prosthetic valve dysfunction (e.g. malposition, abscess, leak, vegetation or mass). Structural interventions have increased the relevance of CCT in valvular heart disease and have amplified its use...

OBJECTIVE: Sutureless aortic valves are a novel option for aortic valve replacement. We sought to demonstrate noninferiority of sutureless versus standard bioprostheses in severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. METHODS: The Perceval Sutureless Implant Versus Standard-Aortic Valve Replacement is a prospective, randomized, adaptive, open-label trial. Patients were randomized (March 2016 to September 2018) to aortic valve replacement with a sutureless or stented valve using conventional or minimally invasive approach...

As transcatheter aortic valve Implantation (TAVI) moves to younger and lower risk patients with longer life expectancy, the long-term durability of TAVI is becoming an increasingly relevant issue. We sought to evaluate the long-term clinical outcome and prosthesis performance of the CoreValve self-expandable valve. Clinical registry of 182 patients consecutively treated with TAVI in a tertiary center from January 2009 to July 2017. Of these, 111 died during an average follow-up (FU) of 1,026±812 days (median IQR: 745, 477-1,400 days; longest survival 11 years; 61% mortality at Kaplan-Meier analysis)...

BACKGROUND: To analyze the risk factors of chronic left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) after cardiac valve surgery. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 860 patients who underwent heart valve surgery in our center from January 2017 to December 2018, including 650 males and 210 females, aged 58±5.8 years. Inclusion criteria: (I) the patient was clinically diagnosed with heart valve disease and met the surgical indications for mitral valve replacement (MVR), mitral valve repair (MVP), aortic valve replacement (AVR) and double valve replacement (DVR); (II) if atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and tricuspid regurgitation are combined before surgery, radiofrequency ablation, coronary bypass and tricuspid angioplasty were performed contemporarily...

A 42-year-old woman had undergone aortic valve replacement with a 19 mm bioprosthetic valve for aortic stenosis due to a bicuspid valve 8 years before. She was admitted to our hospital for valve re-replacement owing to the prosthetic valve dysfunction. As the patient's valve annulus was markedly thickened owing to pannus formation, we were unable to pass a 19 mm valve sizer through the annulus even after removal of the prosthetic valve and the tissue surrounding the annulus. Valve re-replacement combined with patch enlargement of the aortic annulus was performed to obtain maximally effective orifice area...

BACKGROUND: The advent of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has changed the practice of treating patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). Heart-Teams have improved their decision-making process to refer patients to the best and safest treatment. The evidence allowed centers to increase funding and TAVR volume and extend indications to different risk categories of patients. This study evaluates the outcomes of intermediate-risk patients treated for severe AS in an academic center...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that transcatheter electrosurgery might allow intentional detachment of previously placed MitraClip(s) from the anterior leaflet to recreate a single mitral orifice for transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI), leaving the retained MitraClip(s) securely fastened to the posterior leaflet and without interfering with the mitral bioprosthesis. BACKGROUND: Patients with severe mitral regurgitation or stenosis despite edge-to-edge mitral repair with the MitraClip typically have few therapeutic options because the resultant double orifice precludes TMVI...

OBJECTIVE: This multi-institutional study compares the long-term outcome of elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis and an intermediate risk profile undergoing sutureless versus transcatheter aortic valve implantation. METHODS: From 2008 to 2015, 967 elderly patients (>75 years) with intermediate risk (Society of Thoracic Surgeons score 4%-8%) and isolated aortic stenosis were included in the study (sutureless valve = 481; transcatheter aortic valve implantation = 486)...

Mitral valve disease becomes more prevalent as the population ages. As the number of percutaneous mitral valve interventions expands, obscure clinical scenarios may emerge and challenge conventional treatment algorithms. Strategies for dealing with complex repairs build on prior experience in mitral perivalvular leak repair. Cases using nitinol- and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-based devices are used to treat mitral regurgitation in cases of focal mitral perforations and leaks between previously placed mitral valve edge-to-edge devices...

OBJECTIVE: Aortic root enlargement may be necessary to implant adequately sized valves to avoid patient-prosthetic mismatch. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of annular enlargement during aortic valve replacement via a right anterior minithoracotomy. METHODS: Twelve consecutive patients undergoing elective minimally invasive aortic valve replacement requiring annular enlargement over a 2-year period were retrospectively reviewed. A right anterior minithoracotomy was performed in all patients...

Paravalvular leak closure may have a therapeutic effect on the extent of hemolysis that some patients experience after valve surgery. Reduction of hemolysis is most likely in a patient with a mechanical valve and is not necessarily correlated with the volume of regurgitative flow or its subsequent reduction. Hemolysis associated with biological valves are less likely to respond to perivalvular leak closure suggesting that mechanisms other than net volume of regurgitation or micro-jets are present and should be considered...

The Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT Magna aortic heart valve is the most frequently implanted bioprosthesis. However, the existence of transvalvular cuff leakage necessitating a second cross clamp has been recently reported. The aim of this study is to seek the mechanism, occurrence rate, and influence of cuff leakage on the clinical course. Between September 2012 and August 2018, 754 consecutive patients underwent aortic valve replacement using a Magna aortic prosthesis at a single cardiovascular center. The overall mean patient age was 75 (69-80) years, and the percentage of female gender was 45...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the usefulness of cardiac CT to transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE) echocardiography in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) and perivalvular complications using surgical inspection as the gold standard. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-three consecutive patients (42 men, mean age 58.3 ± 12.5) with IE requiring surgical procedures were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent preoperative TTE, TEE, and CT...

OBJECTIVES: To describe a multi-center experience of percutaneous transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) using the Edwards Sapien S3 Valve. BACKGROUND: Off-label use of the Sapien S3 valve can allow for TPVR in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and large diameter dysfunctional right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). The initial experience at five centers with the SAPIEN S3 valve for TPVR is presented with a focus on procedural techniques, success, complications, and efficacy...

OBJECTIVE: The goals of rapid-deployment aortic valve replacement include facilitation of minimally invasive surgery and reduced aortic crossclamp time. We report the short-term outcomes of a series of 493 patients undergoing rapid-deployment aortic valve replacement with the EDWARDS INTUITY valve system (Edwards Lifesciences, LLC, Irvine, Calif). METHODS: Assessing Standard oF Care and Clinical Outcomes UsiNg the EDWARDS INTUITY VAlve SysTem in a European multI-center, Active, pOst-market surveillaNce Study was a prospective, multicenter (n = 26) European registry designed to evaluate the safety and performance of the valve system...

BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of pannus in the prosthetic mitral valve (MV) is not well documented. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical significance of pannus on cardiac computed tomography (CT) in patients with a prosthetic MV. METHODS: A total of 130 patients with previous MV replacement who underwent cardiac CT were retrospectively included in this study. The presence of pannus, paravalvular leak (PVL) around the prosthetic MV and limitation of motion (LOM) of the MV were analyzed using CT...

Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the treatment of choice for aortic valve disease, with excellent results reported in the short- and long-term follow-up. Due to the increasing number of patient comorbidities and older age, various technical alternatives have been developed such as transcatheter aortic valve implantation and, more recently, sutureless valve bioprostheses. For patients with very high surgical risk, transcatheter implantation is becoming the top therapeutic option. However, the percutaneous technique still has major disadvantages including those related to implantation without excision of the diseased native valve without direct view of the annulus, which increases the probability of developing perivalvular leaks and a high percentage of atrioventricular block...

Hemolysis is a well-recognized complication after prosthetic valve replacement, especially with perivalvular leaks. Hemolytic anemia associated with mitral valve (MV) repair is less common. We report the case of a young man with severe hemolytic anemia caused by turbulence of blood flow through a very small quadrangle orifice due to early failure of MV repair. The patient underwent redo MV biologic prosthesis replacement and tricuspid valve annuloplasty. The hemolysis completely disappeared few months later...

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OBJECTIVES: To determine whether ≥moderate paravalvular aortic regurgitation (PAR) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) independently impairs overall survival and how much the impact on survival is, we performed an updated meta-analysis pooling not unadjusted but adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). METHODS: Databases including MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched through January 2016 using PubMed and OVID. Search terms included paravalvular or perivalvular; regurgitation, leak, or leakage; percutaneous, transcatheter, transluminal, transarterial, transapical, transaortic, transcarotid, transaxillary, transsubclavian, transiliac, transfemoral, or transiliofemoral; and aortic valve...