healthy visual and child

In the realm of motor rehabilitation, Brain-Computer Interface Neurofeedback Training (BCI-NFT) emerges as a promising strategy. This aims to utilize an individual's brain activity to stimulate or assist movement, thereby strengthening sensorimotor pathways and promoting motor recovery. Employing various methodologies, BCI-NFT has been shown to be effective for enhancing motor function primarily of the upper limb in stroke, with very few studies reported in cerebral palsy (CP). Our main objective was to develop an electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCI-NFT system, employing an associative learning paradigm, to improve selective control of ankle dorsiflexion in CP and potentially other neurological populations...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints in children. Notably, it is known to co-occur with uveitis. Adalimumab, a monoclonal anti-TNF antibody, is effective in treating both conditions. A deeper understanding of the pharmacokinetics (PK) of adalimumab in JIA is crucial to advance in more personalized treatment approaches. The objective of this study is to evaluate the population PK profile of adalimumab in JIA and to explain causes for its variability...

BACKGROUND: Sialidosis is a rare variety of lysosomal storage disease that results in intracellular accumulation of sialic acid containing compounds. The authors report the first case of type II sialidosis, juvenile subtype in a 30-month-old male child from Nepal. CASE PRESENTATION: Progressive hearing loss with coarse facies, hepatomegaly, kyphoscoliosis, dysostosis multiplex were the major features in a 30-month-old child born to healthy non-consanguineous parents...

This study aimed to investigate whether attentional bias to threat, commonly observed in clinically anxious children, also manifests in healthy children, potentially aiding the early detection of at-risk individuals. Additionally, it sought to explore the moderating role of parent-child attachment security on the association between vulnerability factors (anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, perseverative cognitions) as indicators of vulnerability to anxiety, and attentional bias towards threat in healthy children...

This clinical practice guide traces the role of art and creativity in mental health and well-being. This is a difficult task since the evidence from research spans a wide variety of fine art forms and different aspects of creativity. Hence, we have tried to combine both evidence-based research as well as our clinical experience and practice in the field of arts in utilizing creative pursuits as a life skill and a well-being initiative. The focus of the guidelines is preventive and promotional with relevance to mental health...

OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia often occurs during youth, and psychosis risk syndrome occurs before the onset of psychosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether the visual event-related potential responses in youths with psychosis risk syndrome were defective in the presence of interference stimuli and associated with their clinical outcomes. METHODS: A total of 223 participants, including 122 patients with psychosis risk syndrome, 50 patients with emotional disorders, and 51 healthy control subjects, were assessed...

This review investigates the relationship between pediatric obstructive sleep apnea, often associated with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, and cardiovascular health, particularly pulmonary hypertension. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using electronic databases, including Medline Pub-Med, Scopus, and the Web of Science. The study analyzed a total of 230 articles and screened 48 articles, with 20 included in the final analysis, involving 2429 children. The PRISMA flowchart visually illustrates the selection process, and the ROBINS-E and -I tools help ensure the reliability and validity of the evidence produced by these studies...

PURPOSE: To determine normal threshold values for the 24-2 program of the VisuALL-K (Olleyes, Inc), a portable static automated virtual reality perimeter that uses a video game-based testing modality on an updated version of the algorithm and to repeat the test to assess retest variability. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 19 participants (aged 8 to 17 years) with healthy afferent systems. Participants performed two 24-2 automated perimetry tests on the virtual reality perimeter device...

We report the case of an otherwise healthy 6-year-old girl presenting with poor visual acuity, photophobia, and abnormal eye and head movements who was initially diagnosed with spasmus nutans. A remote history of presumed viral cardiomyopathy and further electroretinography testing raised suspicion for Alström syndrome. She was diagnosed with a novel ALMS1 variant.

OBJECTIVES: Hyperinsulinism refers to improper insulin secretion in the presence of low plasma glucose, causing severe and persistent hypoglycemia in infants and children. The brain's occipital lobe, which includes the visual and plays an essential role in visual perception is specifically sensitive to hypoglycemia-induced damage. The present study aims to investigate the visual perception in children suffering from hyperinsulinism and to compare it with the control group. MATERIALS & METHODS: This cross-sectional control study, conducted in 2020 in Isfahan, Iran, involved 20 children aged 4-13 years with hyperinsulinism and 20 healthy children of the same age and gender for comparison...

BACKGROUND: Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) would accompany with severe neurological impairment. Our study aimed to explore the potential mechanism by employing voxel-based and surface-based morphometry to detect brain microwould accompany with severe neurological impairment. Our study aimed to explore the potential mechanism by employing voxel-based and surface-based morphometry to detect brain microanatomic structure alteration. METHODS: The IESS group had 21 males and 13 females (mean age: 17...

PURPOSE: Our aim was to assess intelligence, visual perception and working memory in children with new-onset Rolandic epilepsy (RE) and children with Rolandic discharges without seizures (RD). METHODS: The participants in the study were 12 children with RE and 26 children with RD aged 4 to 10 years (all without medication and shortly after diagnosis) and 31 healthy controls. Their cognitive performance was assessed using the German versions of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV), the Developmental Test of Visual Perception-2 (DTVP-2), the Developmental Test of Visual Perception-Adolescent and Adult (DTVP-A) (each according to age) and the Word Order, Hand Movements and Spatial Memory subtests of the German version of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC)...

BACKGROUND: The contribution of tumor type, multimodal treatment, and other patient-related factors upon long-term cognitive sequelae in infant brain tumor survivors remains undefined. We add our retrospective analysis of neuropsychological and quality of survival (QoS) outcome data of survivors of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) and extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumors of the soft tissues (eMRT) and kidneys (RTK) treated within the same framework. Neuropsychological data from children with ATRT were compared to data from children with non-irradiated low-grade glioma (LGG)...

OBJECTIVES: To examine youths' (ages 6-15 years) autonomous snack purchases in corner stores and pilot use of coupons to encourage more healthful snack purchases. METHODS: This pilot study involved four corner stores proximal to K-8 schools in Massachusetts. Kids-only coupons of varying discounts were provided in store and paired with simple visual and verbal economic and health messages. Observational data about youths' autonomous snack purchases was recorded pre- and post-intervention...

This study examines functional brain network changes in children with frontal lobe tumors (FLT). Ten pediatric FLT patients from Beijing Tiantan Hospital and 20 healthy children were compared in terms of cognitive performance and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) connectivity. The FLT group showed lower cognitive performance, particularly in visual and working memory domains, but had comparable attention abilities to the healthy controls. There were notable differences in connectivity between the default mode network (DMN) and sensorimotor network (SMN) in both groups...

This paper explores young people's experiences of puberty and their perspectives on parent-child sexual communication in rural northern KwaZulu-Natal. In-depth individual interviews, focus group discussions, and participatory visual research methodology were employed with 18 and 19-year-old young women ( n  = 30) and young men ( n  = 16) attending three primary health care facilities and a local high school in Jozini municipality. The findings suggest a complex interplay between unequal gender and socio-cultural norms that results in divergent puberty experiences and ambiguous and inconsistent patterns of parent-child sexual communication...

SIGNIFICANCE: Preterm birth is defined as a birth before 37 weeks of gestation and is one of the leading contributors to infant mortality rates globally. Premature birth can lead to life-long developmental impairment for the child. Unfortunately, there is a significant lack of tools to diagnose preterm birth risk, which limits patient care and the development of new therapies. AIM: To develop a speculum-free, portable preterm imaging system (PPRIM) for cervical imaging; testing of the PPRIM system to resolve polarization properties of birefringent samples; and testing of the PPRIM under an IRB on healthy, non-pregnant volunteers for visualization and polarization analysis of cervical images...

AIM: To evaluate the effect of lens surgery on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of preschool children with congenital ectopia lentis (CEL). METHODS: A prospective self-controlled study was conducted in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. Children aged from 5 to 7y whom were diagnosed with CEL and underwent phacoemulsification with scleral-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and their parents were enrolled in this study. All of them completed the child and proxy (parental) PedsQL™ 4...

The aim of this study was to determine the potential cognitive impairment associated with motor disability in a group of children attending regular schools and to analyze whether there were different cognitive profiles according to the type of motor disability they presented. The study had 87 participants, 31 healthy and 56 with three types of motor disability: Neuromuscular Diseases (NMD Group), Cerebral Palsy-Hemiparesis (CP- HPx Group) and Cerebral Palsy-Diplegia (CP-DP). Ages ranged from 6 to 18 years and they had medium and medium-high socioeconomic and cultural levels...

BACKGROUND: Youth with a family history of bipolar disorder (BD) may be at increased risk for mood disorders and for developing side effects after antidepressant exposure. The neurobiological basis of these risks remains poorly understood. We aimed to identify biomarkers underlying risk by characterizing abnormalities in the brain connectome of symptomatic youth at familial risk for BD. METHODS: Depressed and/or anxious youth (n = 119, age = 14...