Apical debris

AIM: This study aimed to assess and compare debris quality expelled beyond the apex during re-treatment using two reciprocating and two re-treatment rotary files. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 healthy human mandibular premolars excised for orthodontic therapy were selected. Distilled water was used to sterilize the teeth before they were preserved. The canals were widened and coronal access was created so that the F2 ProTaper universal system could be used...

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the retreatability of NeoSEALER Flo obturated with warm vertical compaction (WVC) and single-cone (SC) techniques using two different retreatment systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two root canals were shaped and obturated with NeoSEALER Flo either in an SC obturation technique or a WVC technique. Samples were retreated using ProTaper retreatment or EdgeFile XR retreatment system. The percentage of remaining debris after retreatment was analyzed under a scanning electron microscope using ImageJ software...

BACKGROUND: Effective endodontic instrumentation aims to remove microorganisms, debris, and tissue from the root canal while maintaining dentinal integrity. This study compares dentinal defect incidence following canal preparation with different hand files, nickel-titanium rotary files, and reciprocating files. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty single-rooted mandibular premolars with mature apices were collected. Four groups ( n = 20) were established based on canal patency establishment, canal preparation technique, irrigation solution, and final irrigation...

This study evaluated the correlation between root canal curvature and the effects of ultrasonic irrigation in the following parameters: volume of uncontrolled dentin removal (UDRVol), maximum depth of dentin defects, removal of accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD), and canal transportation in prepared curved root canals. Twenty-four human permanent mandibular molars were divided into two groups according to root canal curvature: moderate curvature (MC: mean 25°); and severe curvature (SC: mean 48°)...

The aim of this study was to compare the cleaning efficacy of three irrigant activation devices with a control of non-activated syringe and needle irrigation in curved root canals. Sixty human curved roots were endodontically prepared and divided into four groups (n = 15) with similar root curvature distributions. Final irrigation using 4% NaOCl was performed with a syringe and needle (30-G) alone, or with Eddy sonic powered irrigation system (polymeric tip #0.25/0.06), Endosonic ultrasonic activation (polymeric tip #0...

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to compare the amount of extrusion, the time taken to achieve apical patency and duration for removing filling material during the retreatment of teeth filled with NeoMTA 2® (Avalon Biomed, Houston, TX, USA), a calcium silicate hydraulic cement and AHPlus™ (Denstsply, Konstanz, Germany), a resin-based cement, using continuous rotation and asymmetric reciprocating rotation instruments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 60 monoradicular human teeth were selected and instrumented with Race #35...

UNLABELLED: Current instrumentation systems cannot fully prepare oval root canal systems. This may cause accumulation of hard tissue debris and fail to eliminate bacteria from areas inaccessible to instrumentation, which could perpetuate periapical inflammation and jeopardize the success of endodontic treatment. AIM: To evaluate the performance of two endodontic systems in oval canals by investigating the changes in volume, unprepared areas, and centering ability of XP-endo Shaper (XPS) and WaveOne Gold (WOG) in oval canals using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT)...

INTRODUCTION: Microbial agents play a crucial role in periapical lesions and despite mechanical preparation, presence of persistent bacteria in root canal system is a challenge. Photodynamic therapy offers a debridement method, utilizing photosensitizers such as Curcumin, Indocyanine Green (ICG), and Methylene Blue (MB). This study aimed to assess and compare the penetration depth of these photosensitizers on the lateral surface of the root canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The crown of 30 single-rooted teeth were separated by a diamond disc...

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of the XP-Endo Finisher (XPF), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and conventional irrigation using side-vented needle (SVN) on the amount of apically extruded debris and canal cleanliness following the removal of double antibiotic paste (DAP) from immature root canal models. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight extracted mandibular premolars were drilled using peeso drills to simulate immature apices. The canals were filled with DAP and were randomly assigned into 3 groups according to the DAP removal method: XPF, PUI, and SVN (n = 16)...

AIM: The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of three different file systems in removing gutta-percha during endodontic retreatment with or without solvents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current study used 120 freshly extracted, single-rooted human mandibular premolars extracted for orthodontic procedures. The canal was prepared utilizing the step-back technique and obturation was done. The samples were allocated into three experimental groups at random, group I: Hedstrom Files, group II: D-RaCe rotary system, and group III: Mtwo retreatment files system...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vivo study was to compare the relative efficacy of two different chemical irrigants in achieving the same objective of bacteria decrease in deciduous teeth. The classic needle irrigation system and the EndoVac system were chemical irrigants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this comparative study, 80 deciduous molars in patients aged 3-9 years were chosen according to the selection criteria. The teeth were divided randomly into four groups based on the irrigation system and irrigant used, namely, the group I [2...

BACKGROUND: This study compared apical extrusion of debris and instrumentation time following root canal instrumentation with Reciproc, Reciproc Blue, and Gentlefile (GF) rotary instruments versus the manual step-back technique. METHODS: This in vitro study was conducted on 80 extracted mandibular premolars with mature apices and a root curvature of<10°. The teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=20), standardized regarding working length, and placed in pre-weighed vials...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the amount of remaining filing material and apical debris extrusion after retreatment using Reciproc Blue, Hyflex EDM and ProTaper Retreatment Files. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six extracted permanent mandibular first molars with moderately curved mesial roots were selected. Mesiobuccal canals were prepared using the ProTaper Next system up to size X2 and filled using gutta-percha and Adseal sealer via cold lateral compaction. Teeth were randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 12): Group 1: Reciproc Blue (RB)(VDW, Germany), Group 2: Hyflex EDM (HEDM)(Coltene/Whaledent, Switzerland), Group 3: ProTaper Universal Retreatment file system + ProTaper Next file system (PTUR + PTN)( Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland)...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the smear layer and debris removal and antimicrobial activity of two dual-action irrigating solutions for continuous chelation (Triton; Brasseler, Savannah, USA and Dual Rinse HEDP; Medcem GmbH, Weinfelden, Switzerland) with a dual step irrigation protocol with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) followed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). METHODS: Thirty single-rooted single-canal teeth were divided into three groups (n=10) and irrigated with Triton, Dual Rinse HEDP mixed with 6% NaOCl and 6% NaOCl/17% EDTA...

The new generation endodontic motors can perform different kinematics when they reach a certain predetermined level thanks to the integrated apex locator system. These actions consist of apical reverse, apical slow down and apical stop. The aim of this study is to compare this action's effect on apical debris extrusion. Sixty extracted human lower premolars were selected. Teeth are divided into four random groups (n = 15). Groups are prepared accordance to their group names as continuous rotation, apical slow down, apical reverse and apical stop...

The new Gentlefile (GF) system, made of stainless steel and developed by MedicNRG in Kibbutz Afikim, Israel, claims to have advantages over traditional nickel-titanium files. However, research has shown that nickel-titanium files are mechanically superior due to their increased flexibility, cutting efficiency, and ability to maintain canal anatomy with less risk of procedural errors. This study compared the amount of debris extrusion and the time required for root canal instrumentation using GF versus the nickel-titanium ProTaper Universal (PTU) system and a manual step-back (MSB) stainless steel technique...

PURPOSE: This in vitro study aimed to assess the performance of ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR), Reciproc Blue (RB), and XP-endo Shaper (XPS) system in the removal of bioceramic root canal filling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five human single-rooted mandibular premolars were prepared up to 30/.04 and filled with Endosequence BC sealer and BC points before being assigned into three groups (n=15). The root canal fillings were removed until reaching predetermined working length (WL) with PTUR in group 1, RB in group 2, and XPS in group 3...

INTRODUCTION: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation regimens on the chemical composition and cleanliness of root canal dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight extracted single-rooted permanent human teeth were collected. Root canals were instrumented using step-back technique up to master apical file size 60. Samples were divided into 3 groups ( n =16) based on the type of the irrigant used. The irrigation solutions were 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and saline solution as a control...

BACKGROUND: Irrigation is an essential component of root canal treatment to enable cleaning beyond the reach of mechanical instruments. The study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of different final irrigation protocols, including sonic- and ultrasonic-powered irrigant-activation systems, on debris and smear layer removal in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of straight oval root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Straight oval root canals of 60 human mandibular incisors were prepared to size 40...

Heparan sulfate (HS), an abundant component of the apical cell surface and basement membrane, belongs to the glycosaminoglycan family of carbohydrates covalently linked to proteins called heparan sulfate proteoglycans. After endocytosis, HS is degraded in the lysosome by several enzymes, including heparan-alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (HGSNAT), and in its absence causes Mucopolysaccharidosis III type C (Sanfilippo type C). Since endocytosis occurs in epithelial cells of the testis and epididymis, we examined the morphological effects of Hgsnat inactivation in these organs...