Ions

Alkali and alkaline earth metal amides are a type of functional materials for hydrogen storage, thermal energy storage, ion conduction, and chemical transformations such as ammonia synthesis and decomposition. The thermal chemistry of lithium amide (LiNH2), as a simple but representative alkali or alkaline earth metal amide, has been well studied previously encouraged by its potentials in hydrogen storage. In comparison, little is known about the interaction of plasma and LiNH2. Herein, we report that the plasma treatment of LiNH2 in an Ar flow under ambient temperature and pressure gives rise to distinctly different reaction products and reaction pathway from that of the thermal process...

Identification and specific quantification of isomers in a complex biological matrix by mass spectrometry alone is not an easy task due to their identical chemical formula and therefore their same mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). Here, the potential of direct introduction combined with ion mobility-mass spectrometry (DI-IM-MS) for rapid quantification of isomers as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) was investigated. Differences in HMO profiles between various analyzed breast milk samples were highlighted using the single ion mobility monitoring (SIM2 ) acquisition for high ion mobility resolution detection...

This study aimed to identify carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) based on changes in levels of its volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in simulated blood cultures (BCs) using the gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) technique. A comprehensive analysis of volatile metabolites produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) in BC bottles was conducted using GC-IMS. Subsequently, the released VOCs were analyzed to examine differences in VOC release between CRKP and carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP)...

BACKGROUND: The pursuit of adaptive radiotherapy using MR imaging for better precision in patient positioning puts stringent demands on the hardware components of the MR scanner. Particularly in particle therapy, the dose distribution and thus the efficacy of the treatment is susceptible to beam attenuation from interfering materials in the irradiation path. This severely limits the usefulness of conventional imaging coils, which contain highly attenuating parts such as capacitors and preamplifiers in an unknown position, and requires development of a dedicated radiofrequency (RF) coil with close consideration of the materials and components used...

The best Vaccinium corymbosum plant growth under in vitro conditions can be achieved by using the right composition and pH of the medium. For the initial phase of in vitro culture, a combination of cytokinins-mostly zeatin-can usually be used. Organic supplementation of the medium enables the use of a replacement for the expensive natural cytokinin used in micropropagation of highbush blueberry. This chapter describes the experiments with silicon Hydroplus™ Actisil (Si), coconut water (CW), and different pH (5...

Here, we propose a method to convert the organic nitrogen in maize kernels into ammonia in solution and then chlorinate it to prepare monochloride salts, which can form an oxidatively coupled blue-green mixture with sodium salicylate and sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The concentration of ammonium ions in the blue-green mixture can then be determined in the solution, and finally the protein content in maize kernels can be calculated from the nitrogen content.

Silicon (Si) has emerged as a potent anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but faces challenges like low electrical conductivity and significant volume changes during lithiation/delithiation, leading to material pulverization and capacity degradation. Recent research on nanostructured Si aims to mitigate volume expansion and enhance electrochemical performance, yet still grapples with issues like pulverization, unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) growth, and interparticle resistance. This review delves into innovative strategies for optimizing Si anodes' electrochemical performance via structural engineering, focusing on the synthesis of Si/C composites, engineering multidimensional nanostructures, and applying non-carbonaceous coatings...

A large open-circuit voltage (VOC) deficit is the major challenge hindering the efficiency improvement of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells. Cation substitution, or doping, is usually an effective strategy to achieve carrier regulation and improve efficiency. In this work, we developed a rare-earth element lanthanum (La) doped CZTSSe thin-film solar cell by directly introducing La3+ ions into the CZTS precursor solution. Such a proposed La doping approach could effectively enhance light harvesting, adjust the bandgap, and increase the electron diffusion length...

We investigate the collapse and expansion dynamics of a linear polyelectrolyte (PE) with hydrodynamic interactions. Using dissipative particle dynamics with a bead-spring PE model, long-range electrostatics, and explicit ions, we examine how the timescales of collapse tcol and expansion texp depend on the chain length N and obtain scaling relationships tcol ∼ Nα and texp ∼ Nβ. For neutral polymers, we derive values of α = 0.94 ± 0.01 and β = 1.97 ± 0.10. Interestingly, the introduction of electrostatic interaction markedly shifts α to α ≈ 1...

We report two dinuclear rhenium(V) oxo complexes 1 and 2 types, [ReV (O)(Cl)3 (L2- )ReV (O)(Cl)3 ][NBu4 ]2 (1, L2- = dianionic 2,5-dihydroxy 1,4-benzoquinone (DBQ2- )) and (2, L2- = dianionic chloranilic acid (CA2-) ligands), as a homogeneous electrocatalyst for water oxidation reactions in the acetonitrile-water mixture. The evolution of dioxygen gas at the anode was confirmed by a GC-TCD study. In controlled potential electrolysis (CPE), oxidation at 1.30 V ( vs. Ag/AgCl) at neutral pH, 1 and 2 afforded 1+ [ReVI (O)(Cl)3 (DBQ˙3- )ReVI (O)(Cl)3 ]- and 2+ [ReVI (O)(Cl)3 (CA˙3- )ReVI (O)(Cl)3 ]- ions, respectively, via the redox induced electron transfer (RIET) process...

Cell culture media play a critical role in cell growth and propagation by providing a substrate; media components can also modulate the critical quality attributes (CQAs). However, the inherent complexity of the cell culture media makes unraveling the impact of the various media components on cell growth and CQAs non-trivial. In this study, we demonstrate an end-to-end machine learning framework for media component selection and prediction of CQAs. The preliminary dataset for feature selection was generated by performing CHO-GS (-/-) cell culture in media formulations with varying metal ion concentrations...

Hereby, we describe the synthesis of a self-assembled syn -cryptophane using dynamic nucleophilic aromatic substitution of tetrazines. 1 H NMR cage titrations reveal that the tetramethylammonium cation binds under slow exchange conditions while counter-anions show a fast exchange regime. Finally, the cryptophane can be disassembled by the addition of thiols allowing guest release.

Batteries with intercalation-conversion-type electrodes tend to achieve high-capacity storage, but the complicated reaction process often suffers from confusing electrochemical mechanisms. Here, we reinterpreted the essential issue about the potential of the conversion reaction and whether there is an intercalation reaction in a lithium/sodium-ion battery (LIB/SIB) with the FeP anode based on the evolution of the magnetic phase. Especially, the ever-present intercalation process in a large voltage range followed by the conversion reaction with extremely low potential was confirmed in FeP LIB, while it is mainly the conversion reaction for the sodium storage mechanism in FeP SIB...

Mild aqueous electrolytes containing multivalent metal salts are currently scrutinized for the development of ecosustainable energy-related devices. However, the role of soluble multivalent metal ions in the electrochemical reactivity of transition metal oxides is a matter of debate, especially when they are performed in protic aqueous electrolytes. Here, we have compared, by means of (spectro)electrochemistry, the reversible electrochromic reduction of transparent nanostructured γ-WO3 thin films in mild aqueous electrolytes of various chemical composition and pH...

Membranes incorporating zwitterionic chemistries have recently emerged as promising candidates for facilitating challenging ion-ion separations. Transport of ions in such membranes predominantly occurs in hydrated nanopores lined with zwitterionic monomers. To shed light on the physics of ion-ion selectivity underlying such materials, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations of sodium halide transport in model nanopores grafted with sulfobetaine methacrylate molecules. Our results reveal that in both functionalized and unfunctionalized nanopores smaller ions prefer to reside near the pore center, while the larger ions tend to reside near the pore walls...

Organic selenium (Se) accounts for up to 10-80% of total Se in soils, and l-selenomethionine (SeMet) is a typical organic Se species. However, the migration of SeMet in soils remains elusive. This study investigated the solid-liquid distribution, adsorption, desorption by phosphate, and self-oxidization of SeMet in solution under the influence of ferrihydrite, goethite, and hematite through batch experiments. Iron oxides could adsorb a much larger amount of SeMet than inorganic Se. At the initial Se element concentrations of 0-200 mg/L, the solid/liquid partition coefficient of SeMet was constant, which was 0...

In this paper, a carbon dot hydrogel composite (CDs-Hy) capable of efficiently removing Pb(II) was prepared by hydrogen bonding self-assembly in combination with carbon dots and a hydrogel. CDs-Hy was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the effect of the adsorption conditions on the adsorption efficiency of CDs-Hy was studied. The results of the study showed that the incorporation of carbon dots, on the one hand, significantly increased the adsorption capacity of the material...

Diabetic-metabolic syndrome (MetS-D) has a high prevalence worldwide, in which an association with the rupture of the intestinal epithelium barrier function (IEBF) has been pointed out, but the functional and morphological properties are still not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of acute hyperglycemia diabetes on intestinal tight junction proteins, metabolic failure, intestinal ion and water transports, and IEBF parameters. Diabetes was induced in male Rattus norvegicus (200-310 g) with 0...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

In recent decades, heavy metal ions have emerged as a significant global environmental concern, posing threats to the delicate balance of ecosystems worldwide. Their introduction into ecosystems occurs through various activities and poses a serious risk to human health. Among heavy metal ions, Cd2+ is recognized as a highly toxic pollutant. Its widespread use contributes to its accumulation in the environment. Chronic exposure to Cd2+ ions present serious risks to both the environment and human health. Therefore, the detection of these metal ions are very important...