Xiaonan Ding, Dong Zhang, Qinqin Ren, Yilan Hu, Jifeng Wang, Jing Hao, Haoran Wang, Xiaolin Zhao, Xiaochen Wang, Chenwen Song, Junxia Du, Fuquan Yang, Hanyu Zhu
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), as the one of most common complications of diabetes, is generally diagnosed based on a longstanding duration, albuminuria, and decreased kidney function. Some patients with the comorbidities of diabetes and other primary renal diseases have similar clinical features to DN, which is defined as non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD). It is necessary to distinguish between DN and NDRD, considering they differ in their pathological characteristics, treatment regimes, and prognosis. Renal biopsy provides a gold standard; however, it is difficult for this to be conducted in all patients...
September 1, 2023: International Journal of Molecular Sciences