Bipolar NOS

Defining homogeneous subgroups of bipolar disorder (BD) is a major goal in personalized psychiatry and research. According to the neurodevelopmental theory, age at onset may be a key variable. As potential trait markers of neurodevelopment, cognitive and functional impairment should be greater in the early form of the disease, particularly type 1 BD (BD I). The age at onset was assessed in a multicenter, observational sample of 4190 outpatients with BD. We used a battery of neuropsychological tests to assess six domains of cognition...

OBJECTIVES: The authors compared the switch rate into hypomania/mania in depressed patients treated with second-generation antidepressants who had either bipolar I or bipolar II disorder. METHODS: In a 10-week trial, 184 outpatients with bipolar depression (134 with bipolar I disorder, 48 with bipolar II disorder, two with bipolar disorder not otherwise specified) were treated with one of three antidepressants as an adjunct to mood stabilizers. The patients' switch rates were assessed...

OBJECTIVE: Although maintenance treatment for mood disorders is important, the treatment discontinuation rate is reported to be high. This study aimed to investigate the dropout rates and associated factors in mood disorders. METHODS: The patients in a mood disorder clinic (n = 535) were examined. Demographic and clinical factors, scores of psychometric scales, time to dropout from initial treatment in patients with bipolar disorder (BP) (n = 288) and depressive disorder (DD) (n = 143) were evaluated based on database of the mood disorder clinic...

BACKGROUND: The relationship between skin diseases and psychiatric illnesses is bi-directional and is manifested as cause and effect. Psychiatric disorders such as stress, anxiety, and depression are seen to be instrumental in the development and progression of dermatological diseases on one hand, while on the other hand, cosmetic disfigurement caused by dermatological diseases is responsible for psychological distress in patients. The present study was conducted to investigate the spectrum of dermatological disorders in psychiatric patients to offer them holistic treatment and provide them with a better quality of life...

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to assess internet, social media, and related technology use in patients with serious mental disorders, and to examine their relationship with disease severity and functionality and gain insight about the thoughts of patients with severe mental disorders on benefits and risks of social media. METHODS: The study included 150 patients with bipolar disorder and 150 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (82 with schizophrenia, 56 with psychotic disorders not otherwise specified and 12 with schizoaffective disorder) in remission...

Anxiety and depression are common among individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs), with anxiety being a risk factor for depression and vice versa. While the harmful effects of these symptoms are well recognized, their temporal dynamics have not been fully tested. To address this gap, our study investigated bidirectional relationships between anxiety and depression in individuals with BSDs using data from the Prechter Longitudinal Study of Bipolar Disorder, collected over an average of 11 years. We included 651 participants with various BSD subtypes (BD I, BD II, BD not otherwise specified, and schizoaffective bipolar type), with at least 5 years' data for adequate statistical power in detecting temporal dynamics...

While duration of the psychosis prodrome (DPP) attracts attention in relation to the developmental trajectory of psychotic illness and service models, fundamental issues endure in the context of dimensional-spectrum models of psychosis. Among 205 epidemiologically representative subjects in the Cavan-Monaghan First Episode Psychosis Study, DPP was systematically quantified and compared, for the first time, across all 12 DSM-IV psychotic diagnoses. DPP was also compared with duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and each was then analysed in relation to premorbid features across three age ranges: <12, 12-15 and 16-18 years...

In the retina, rod and cone pathways mediate visual signals over a billion-fold range in luminance. AII ("A-two") amacrine cells (ACs) receive signals from both pathways via different bipolar cells, enabling AIIs to operate at night and during the day. Previous work has examined luminance-dependent changes in AII gap junction connectivity, but less is known about how surrounding circuitry shapes AII receptive fields across light levels. Here, we report that moderate contrast stimuli elicit surround inhibition in AIIs under all but the dimmest visual conditions, due to actions of horizontal cells and at least two ACs that inhibit presynaptic bipolar cells...

Bipolar disorder (BD) is commonly comorbid with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). However, little is known about their relationship. This study aimed to assess the impact of comorbid PMS or PMDD on the clinical characteristics of BD. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 262 women with BD. PMS and PMDD were screened with the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST). Symptomatic features were assessed with Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and atypical features by the depressive episode section of SCID-I/P...

Since its introduction, schizoaffective disorder (SAD) has been one of the most controversial diagnoses in psychiatry, both clinically and nosologically. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), SAD diagnostic criteria were changed, and instead of a cross-sectional diagnosis, a longitudinal approach covering the life course of the illness was adopted. In this study, the meaning of this conceptual shift in the diagnosis of SAD in clinical practice is investigated throughout the course of the illness for patients with SAD...

BACKGROUND: Bipolar depression constitutes a major public health problem due to its substantial burden of disease. Although pharmacological interventions are available, guidelines required updated evidence synthesis to improve their current recommendations. In order to inform evidence-based prescribing, we investigated the comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological interventions for acute bipolar depression. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis...

INTRODUCTION: The effects of body mass index (BMI) on the core symptoms of bipolar disorder (BD) and its implications for disease trajectory are largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether BMI impacted hospitalization rate, medical and psychiatric comorbidities, and core symptom domains such as depression and suicidality in BD. METHODS: Participants (15 years and older) were 2790 BD outpatients enrolled in the longitudinal STEP-BD study; all met DSM-IV criteria for BD-I, BD-II, cyclothymia, BD NOS, or schizoaffective disorder, bipolar subtype...

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: To clarify whether the familial liability to psychosis associated with bipolar disorder (BD) is nonspecific or has a greater effect on risk for psychosis in cases with prominent mood symptoms and/or a remitting course. STUDY DESIGN: We examined, in 984 809 offspring raised in intact families in Sweden, born 1980-1996 and followed-up through 2018, by multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, risk in offspring of parents with BD for 7 psychotic disorders: Psychotic MD (PMD), psychotic BD (PBD), schizoaffective disorder (SAD), acute psychoses, psychosis NOS, delusional disorder (DD) and schizophrenia (SZ)...

OBJECTIVE: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly prevalent, chronic and recurrent mental illness. The smoking rates in patients with BD are much higher than those of the general population, and BD is associated with an increased risk of suicide. An association between smoking and suicidal behavior has been found in the general population, this systematic review examines whether there is evidence of an association between smoking and suicide behavior in patients with BD. METHOD: A database search was carried out in Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science, updated until December 31st, 2021, according to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines...

INTRODUCTION: No systematic review has estimated the consistency and the magnitude of the risk of developing bipolar disorder I-II (BD-I/II) in individuals at clinical high risk for bipolar disorder (CHR-BD). METHODS: PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched until April 2022 in this pre-registered (PROSPERO CRD42022346515) PRISMA-compliant systematic review to identify longitudinal studies in individuals meeting pre-defined CHR-BD criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and results were systematically synthesized around CHR-BD criteria across follow-up periods and different subgroups...

BACKGROUND: CACNA1C rs1006737 A allele, identified as a genetic risk variant for bipolar disorder (BD), is associated with anomalous functional connectivity in adults with and without BD. Studies have yet to investigate the association of CACNA1C rs1006737 with resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in youth BD. METHODS: Participants included 139 youth with BD-I, -II, or -not otherwise specified, ages 13-20 years, including 27 BD A-carriers, 41 BD non-carriers, 32 healthy controls (HC) A-carriers, and 39 HC non-carriers...

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with a progressive loss of cognitive function. Currently, no effective treatment regimen is available. Lithium, a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder, exerts broad neuroprotective and neurotrophic actions and improves cognitive function. OBJECTIVE: The study investigated if lithium stabilizes Ca2+ signaling abnormalities in hippocampal neurons and subsequently normalize downstream effects on AD neuropathology and synaptic plasticity in young AD mice...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between patients' clinical parameters, especially clinical specifiers, and the intron 4 VNTR variant of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( NOS3 ) gene in bipolar disorder (BD) patients. METHODS: A sample of 95 patients with BD and 95 healthy volunteers were included in the case-control study. The patients consecutively admitted to the outpatient psychiatry clinic for 6 months and were evaluated with some scales for clinical parameters...

The contribution of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) to the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders is recognized, but the role of their regulators, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs), is less understood. This study's objective was to estimate DDAH1 and DDAH2 associations with biological processes implicated in major psychiatric disorders using publicly accessible expression databases. Since co-expressed genes are more likely to be involved in the same biologic processes, we investigated co-expression patterns with DDAH1 and DDAH2 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in psychiatric patients and control subjects...

AIMS: Mental health problems early in life can negatively impact educational attainment, which in turn have negative long-term effects on health, social and economic opportunities. Our aims were to: (i) estimate the impacts of different types of psychiatric conditions on educational outcomes and (ii) to estimate the proportion of adverse educational outcomes which can be attributed to psychiatric conditions. METHODS: Participants ( N = 2511) were from a school-based community cohort of Brazilian children and adolescents aged 6-14 years enriched for high family risk of psychiatric conditions...