Wilfried Mullens, Kevin Damman, Sebastiaan Dhont, Debasish Banerjee, Antoni Bayes-Genis, Antonio Cannata, Ovidiu Chioncel, Maja Cikes, Justin Ezekowitz, Andreas J Flammer, Pieter Martens, Alexandre Mebazaa, Robert J Mentz, Òscar Miró, Brenda Moura, Julio Nunez, Jozine M Ter Maaten, Jeffrey Testani, Roland van Kimmenade, Frederik H Verbrugge, Marco Metra, Giuseppe M C Rosano, Gerasimos Filippatos
Sodium and fluid restriction has traditionally been advocated in patients with heart failure (HF) due to their sodium and water avid state. However, most evidence regarding the altered sodium handling, fluid homeostasis and congestion-related signs and symptoms in patients with HF originates from untreated patient cohorts and physiological investigations. Recent data challenge the beneficial role of dietary sodium and fluid restriction in HF. Consequently, the European Society of Cardiology HF guidelines have gradually downgraded these recommendations over time, now advising for the limitation of salt intake to no more than 5 g/day in patients with HF, while contemplating fluid restriction of 1...
April 12, 2024: European Journal of Heart Failure