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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Siofra Murphy, Ellis Hayes
DESIGN: This study is a randomised, placebo-controlled, triple-arm, phase IIA clinical trial with double masking which investigates the effectiveness and safety of Cannabidiol (CBD) as an analgesic for acute dental pain. The intervention drug, Epidiolex is an FDA-approved CBD oral solution (100 mg/ml) derived from the cannabis plant. The psychoactive ingredient tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is not included. The maximum recommended daily dose of Epidiolex is 20 mg/kg. 64 patients with moderate-severe odontogenic pain participated in the study and REDCap software was utilised to randomly assign participants into groups: CBD10 (10 mg/kg), CBD20 (20 mg/kg) and placebo...
April 22, 2024: Evidence-based Dentistry
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ashraful Islam Khan, Mohammad Ashraful Amin
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 19, 2024: Lancet Global Health
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert E Black, Jamie Perin, Diana Yeung, Tushara Rajeev, Jacob Miller, Sarah E Elwood, James A Platts-Mills
BACKGROUND: Information on the causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years is needed to design improved preventive and therapeutic approaches. We aimed to conduct a systematic analysis of studies to report estimates of the causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years at global and regional levels during 2000-21. METHODS: For this systematic review and Bayesian multinomial analysis, we included 12 pathogens with the highest attributable incidence in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study...
April 19, 2024: Lancet Global Health
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy, Ahmed Gareh, Marwa M I Ghallab, Pamela C Köster, Alejandro Dashti, Dina Aboelsoued, Nagwa Ibrahim Toaleb, Hind Alzaylaee, Moisés Gonzálvez, Amira A Saleh, Alaa S Alhegaili, Ahmed Fathy Eldehn, Carolina Hernández-Castro, Begoña Bailo, David González-Barrio, David Carmena
INTRODUCTION: Giardiosis remains one of the most prevalent enteric parasitic infections globally. Earlier molecular-based studies conducted in Egypt have primarily focused on paediatric clinical populations and most were based on single genotyping markers. As a result, there is limited information on the frequency and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis infections in individuals of all age groups. METHODS: Individual stool samples ( n = 460) from outpatients seeking medical care were collected during January-December 2021 in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, northern Egypt...
2024: Frontiers in Public Health
#5
Arteen Arzivian, Brett Jones, Fredrick Joshua, Miriam Paul, Thomas Lynch, Martin Brown, Robin Gasiorowski
INTRODUCTION: Whipple's disease is a rare condition that can present with atypical and non-specific features requiring a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a man in his 40s with peripheral arthritis and bilateral sacro-ileitis for 4-5 years that was treated with an anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy, which led to worsening of his symptoms, elevation of the inflammatory markers, and the development of fever, night sweats, anorexia, and a significant weight loss...
2024: Case Reports in Gastroenterology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mamadou Bah, Hans Verhoef, Emmanuel Okoh, Abdoulie Bah, Andrew M Prentice, Carla Cerami
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends universal iron supplementation for children aged 6-23 months in countries where anaemia is seen in over 40% of the population. Conventional ferrous salts have low efficacy due to low oral absorption in children with inflammation. Haem iron is more bioavailable, and its absorption may not be decreased by inflammation. This study aims to compare daily supplementation with haem iron versus ferrous sulphate on haemoglobin concentration and serum ferritin concentration after 12 weeks of supplementation...
April 19, 2024: Trials
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yanyan Zhou, Li Yu, Ming Liu, Weili Liang, Zhenpeng Li, Zheng Nan, Biao Kan
BACKGROUND: Vibrio furnissii is an emerging human pathogen closely related to V. fluvialis that causes acute gastroenteritis. V. furnissii infection has been reported to be rarer than V. fluvialis, but a multi-drug resistance plasmid has recently been discovered in V. furnissii. METHODS: During daily monitoring at a general hospital in Beijing, China, seven V. furnissii strains were collected from patients aged over 14 years who presented with acute diarrhoea between April and October 2018...
April 19, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
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REVIEW
C Lynch, E M Leishman, F Miglior, D Kelton, F S Schenkel, C F Baes
Interest in dairy cow health continues to grow as we better understand health's relationship with production potential and animal welfare. Over the past decade, efforts have been made to incorporate health traits into national genetic evaluations. However, they have focused on the mature cow, with calf health largely being neglected. Diarrhoea and respiratory disease comprise the main illnesses with regard to calf health. Conventional methods to control calf disease involve early separation of calves from the dam and housing calves individually...
March 22, 2024: Animal
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pengfei Zhao, Xiran Meng, Mo Sun, Bingqing Qin, Shuaiwen Kong, Lixia Xie, Wei Zhang, Xudong Ding, Chenning Zhang
Pitaya is a well-known fruit widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical tropical regions, and is characterized by its flesh colour into red, white, and yellow pitaya. Red pitaya has dark red flesh and is the preferred choice among consumers due to its superior taste compared to other varieties. Red pitaya has been known to cause diarrhoea, and studies have reported that pitaya does this by drawing moisture into the intestines, resulting in defecation. However, the exact mechanism of action is still unclear...
April 19, 2024: Food & Function
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonio Llombart-Cussac, José Manuel Pérez-Garcia, Manuel Ruiz Borrego, Pablo Tolosa, Salvador Blanch, Adela Fernández-Ortega, Ander Urruticoechea, Isabel Blancas, Cristina Saura, Beatriz Rojas, Begoña Bermejo, José Ponce Lorenzo, María Gion, Patricia Cortez-Castedo, Elisenda Llabres, Elena Galve, Juan Fernando Cueva, Ana López, José Luis Alonso-Romero, Santiago González-Santiago, Eduardo Martínez de Dueñas, Eva Ciruelos, Griselda Martrat, Petra Gener, Daniel Alcalá-López, Miguel Sampayo-Cordero, Fernando Gómez-Peralta, Javier Cortés
BACKGROUND: Hyperglycaemia is an early and frequent adverse event during alpelisib treatment. METALLICA aimed to evaluate prophylactic metformin to prevent or reduce hyperglycaemia occurrence in patients with HR+/HER2-/ PIK3CA -mutated advanced breast cancer (ABC). METHODS: Between August 13th, 2020 and March 23rd, 2022, this 2-cohort, phase 2, multicentre, single-arm trial (NCT04300790) enrolled patients with HR+/HER2-/PIK3CA-mutated ABC: cohort A, normal glycaemia (fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dL [<5...
May 2024: EClinicalMedicine
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ram Bajpai, Richard Partington, Sara Muller, Harry Forrester, Christian D Mallen, Lorna Clarson, Nishita Padmanabhan, Rebecca Whittle, Edward Roddy
OBJECTIVES: Colchicine is commonly used to prevent flares when starting urate-lowering therapy for gout. Patients with gout are frequently concurrently prescribed other medications (such as statins) that may interact with colchicine, increasing the risk of adverse events. The aim of this study was to describe potential prognostic factors for adverse events in patients prescribed colchicine when initiating allopurinol. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in linked UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics datasets...
April 18, 2024: Rheumatology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Diangang Han, Hongqing Yang, Jing Li, Chong Zhang, Lingling Ye, Jun Dong, Chunyong Zhang, Rongfu Guo, Jige Xin
Macleaya cordata was a kind of traditional herbal medicine, which may a potential substitute for antibiotics. However, the effects of Macleaya cordata on neonatal piglets have rarely been reported. In this study, three groups were designed, including normal saline (Control group, CON), 8 mg/mL Macleaya cordata extract (MCE group, MCE) and 5 mg/mL Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride (CCH group, CCH), to investigate the effects of MCE on growth performance, blood parameters, inflammatory cytokines, regenerating islet-derived 3 gamma (REG3γ) expression and the transcriptomes of neonatal piglets...
April 16, 2024: Veterinary Microbiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ingvild Haugan, Marit Gudrun Husby, Bjørg Skjøtskift, Dorothea Aamnes Mostue, Andreas Brun, Lene Christin Olsen, Melanie Rae Simpson, Heidi Lange, Jan Egil Afset
BACKGROUND: The use of molecular methods has led to increased detection of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) in faecal samples. Studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the clinical relevance of this finding. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of EAEC in faecal samples from patients with diarrhoea and healthy controls and describe characteristics of EAEC positive persons. METHODS: From March 1st, 2017 to February 28th, 2019, we investigated all consecutive faecal samples from patients with diarrhoea received at the laboratory and collected faecal samples from randomly invited healthy controls from mid-Norway...
2024: PloS One
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RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Kanta Chandwe, Mutsa Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Beatrice Amadi, Gertrude Tawodzera, Deophine Ngosa, Anesu Dzikiti, Nivea Chulu, Robert Makuyana, Kanekwa Zyambo, Kuda Mutasa, Chola Mulenga, Ellen Besa, Jonathan P Sturgeon, Shepherd Mudzingwa, Bwalya Simunyola, Lydia Kazhila, Masuzyo Zyambo, Hazel Sonkwe, Batsirai Mutasa, Miyoba Chipunza, Virginia Sauramba, Lisa Langhaug, Victor Mudenda, Simon H Murch, Susan Hill, Raymond J Playford, Kelley VanBuskirk, Andrew J Prendergast, Paul Kelly
Malnutrition underlies almost half of all child deaths globally. Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) carries unacceptable mortality, particularly if accompanied by infection or medical complications, including enteropathy. We evaluated four interventions for malnutrition enteropathy in a multi-centre phase II multi-arm trial in Zambia and Zimbabwe and completed in 2021. The purpose of this trial was to identify therapies which could be taken forward into phase III trials. Children of either sex were eligible for inclusion if aged 6-59 months and hospitalised with SAM (using WHO definitions: WLZ <-3, and/or MUAC <11...
April 17, 2024: Nature Communications
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicola J Wyatt, Hannah Watson, Carl A Anderson, Nicholas A Kennedy, Tim Raine, Tariq Ahmad, Dean Allerton, Michelle Bardgett, Emma Clark, Dawn Clewes, Cristina Cotobal Martin, Mary Doona, Jennifer A Doyle, Katherine Frith, Helen C Hancock, Ailsa L Hart, Victoria Hildreth, Peter M Irving, Sameena Iqbal, Ciara Kennedy, Andrew King, Sarah Lawrence, Charlie W Lees, Robert Lees, Laura Letchford, Trevor Liddle, James O Lindsay, Rebecca H Maier, John C Mansfield, Julian R Marchesi, Naomi McGregor, Rebecca E McIntyre, Jasmin Ostermayer, Tolulope Osunnuyi, Nick Powell, Natalie J Prescott, Jack Satsangi, Shriya Sharma, Tara Shrestha, Ally Speight, Michelle Strickland, James Ms Wason, Kevin Whelan, Ruth Wood, Gregory R Young, Xinyue Zhang, Miles Parkes, Christopher J Stewart, Luke Jostins-Dean, Christopher A Lamb
INTRODUCTION: Characterised by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms including diarrhoea, abdominal pain and fatigue can significantly impact patient's quality of life. Therapeutic developments in the last 20 years have revolutionised treatment. However, clinical trials and real-world data show primary non-response rates up to 40%. A significant challenge is an inability to predict which treatment will benefit individual patients...
April 17, 2024: BMJ Open
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juan M Ortiz Sanjuán, Héctor Argüello, Raúl Cabrera-Rubio, Fiona Crispie, Paul D Cotter, Juan J Garrido, Daniel Ekhlas, Catherine M Burgess, Edgar G Manzanilla
BACKGROUND: Post weaning diarrhoea (PWD) causes piglet morbidity and mortality at weaning and is a major driver for antimicrobial use worldwide. New regulations in the EU limit the use of in-feed antibiotics (Ab) and therapeutic zinc oxide (ZnO) to prevent PWD. New approaches to control PWD are needed, and understanding the role of the microbiota in this context is key. In this study, shotgun metagenome sequencing was used to describe the taxonomic and functional evolution of the faecal microbiota of the piglet during the first two weeks post weaning within three experimental groups, Ab, ZnO and no medication, on commercial farms using antimicrobials regularly in the post weaning period...
April 16, 2024: Animal microbiome
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sanjay Prakash, Ravisha Gupta, Maitree M Raval, Charu Tibrewal
Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a drug-induced clinical syndrome characterised by a combination of cognitive, neuromuscular and autonomic dysfunctions. The symptoms may include mild non-specific symptoms such as tremors and diarrhoea to coma and sudden death. Herein, we describe a case of SS in which acute dizziness was associated with supine hypertension and orthostatic hypotension. A man in his mid-30s had a 10-month history of anxiety, depression and chronic tension-type headache. He had been on amitriptyline (25 mg daily) and sertraline (50 mg daily)...
April 16, 2024: BMJ Case Reports
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katherine C Dodd, Rohan Ahmed, Philip Ambrose, James Kl Holt, Saiju Jacob, M Isabel Leite, James Al Miller, Pyae Phyo San, Jennifer Spillane, Stuart Viegas, Jon Sussman
Azathioprine is recommended as the first-line steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agent for myasthenia gravis. Mycophenolate and methotrexate are often considered as second-line choices despite widespread consensus on their efficacy. We aimed to gather real-world data comparing the tolerability and reasons for discontinuation for these agents, by performing a national United Kingdom survey of side effects and reasons for discontinuation of immunosuppressants in myasthenia gravis. Of 235 patients, 166 had taken azathioprine, 102 mycophenolate, and 40 methotrexate...
March 21, 2024: Neuromuscular Disorders: NMD
#19
Özge Çaydaşı, Eyüp Arslan, Esra Adıyeke, Taha Yusuf Kuzan, Fatma Yılmaz Karadağ, Derya Öztürk Engin
OBJECTIVES: Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic viral infection which is an important public health problem in Turkey. CCHF causes fever and bleeding and can lead to severe health outcomes. The study aims to report a case of a male patient with severe CCHF, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) treated with steroids and portal vein thrombosis. CASE REPORT: A 37-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of high fever, headache, myalgia and diarrhoea...
April 15, 2024: Tropical Medicine & International Health
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Silva Rubini, Roberto Rubini, Silvia Bertocchi, Silvia Zordan, Alice Magri, Filippo Barsi, Maria Sampieri, Carlo Alessandro Locatelli, Erika Baldini, Stefano Manfredini, Silvia Vertuani
BACKGROUND: Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), that can be found in a wide variety of household products-from disinfectants to medicaments and home fragrances-but also professional products. In pets, cats have long been reported as more sensitive than dogs to QACs; in fact, signs of irritation such as oral ulcerations, stomatitis and pharyngitis can be observed after contact with concentrations of 2% or lower. In a review of 245 cases of BAC exposure in cats, reported by the Veterinary Poisons Information Service (United Kingdom) only 1...
April 15, 2024: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
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