Thrombus

Thrombolytic therapy is one of the most effective treatments for thrombus dissolution and recanalization of blocked vessels in thrombotic diseases. However, the application of the thrombolytic strategy has been limited due to unsatisfactory thrombolytic efficacy, relatively higher bleeding complications, and consequently restricted indications. Recombinant staphylokinase (r-SAK) is a third-generation thrombolytic agent produced by genetic engineering technology, which exhibits a better thrombolytic efficacy than urokinase and recombinant streptokinase...

Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) encompasses a spectrum of disorders involving thrombosis of the cerebral venous system. As shown by previous epidemiological studies, the prevalence of cerebral sinovenous thrombosis is 4-7 cases per million people. Nephrotic syndrome was very rarely associated with thrombosis cerebral veins or sinuses. Hypercoagulability and thrombotic complications in nephrotic syndrome are most commonly seen in deep veins of the lower extremities and renal veins. Our case highlights a unique scenario in which cerebral sinovenous thrombosis was the initial presentation of nephrotic syndrome in a patient that was not an important past medical or surgical problem...

The left atrial appendage aneurysm is an uncommon condition that has garnered attention from the medical community due to its low incidence and varied clinical manifestations. The difficulty in identification is reflected in its incidental detection in imaging studies such as echocardiograms and tomographies, while symptoms range from mild to severe, including heart failure and thromboembolic events. The complex etiology includes congenital and acquired factors, and its management focuses on preventing complications through surgical resection, accompanied by medical strategies such as controlling heart rhythm and anticoagulation...

When starting a mechanical thrombectomy, manual aspiration with balloon guide catheters inserted into the internal carotid artery (ICA) is an efficient method for thrombus aspiration. However, no complications associated with this procedure have been reported. This study describes the case of a 76-year-old man who presented to our hospital with total aphasia and complete right-sided paralysis due to chronic atrial fibrillation and left occlusion of the ICA. When the balloon guide catheter was inserted and inflated at the origin of the left ICA, the patient's systolic blood pressure suddenly decreased from 114 mm Hg to 44 mm Hg...

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including both pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is the leading cause of maternal death in developed countries. Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of VTE due to physiologic changes during the obstetric period that promote a hypercoagulable state. Appropriate use of prophylactic anticoagulants can decrease the event rate of thrombus formation in at-risk patients. In the United States, there is not a validated risk-assessment tool for VTE in obstetric patients or a clear consensus on initiation and optimal dosing strategy for the prophylactic use of anticoagulants...

OBJECTIVE: Hepatic infarction is a rare complication of pregnancy most often associated with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. The objective of this review is to identify risk factors, presenting signs and symptoms, methods of diagnosis, and best management practices based on published case reviews. DATA SOURCES: PUBMED and MEDLINE: OVID databases were searched for citations regarding hepatic infarction in pregnancy or the postpartum period since database inception until the study date of December 18, 2023...

BACKGROUND: In mechanical thrombectomy for tandem occlusions in vertebrobasilar stroke, distal emboli from the vertebral artery lesion should be prevented. However, no suitable embolic protection devices are currently available in the posterior circulation. Here, the authors describe the case of a vertebral artery lesion effectively treated with a closed-tip stent retriever as an embolic protection device in the posterior circulation. OBSERVATIONS: A 65-year-old male underwent mechanical thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion, with tandem occlusion of the proximal vertebral artery...

Factor X (FX)-deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder manifesting a bleeding tendency caused by low FX activity levels. We aimed to explore the use of fitusiran (an investigational siRNA that silences antithrombin expression) to increase thrombin generation and the in vivo hemostatic potential under conditions of FX-deficiency. We therefore developed a novel model of inducible FX-deficiency, generating mice expressing <1% FX activity and antigen (f10low-mice). Compared to control f10WT-mice, f10low-mice had 6- and 4-fold prolonged clotting times in Prothrombin Time- and activated Partial Prothrombin Time-assays, respectively (p<0...

The crista terminalis is an anatomical structure localized on the posterolateral wall of the right atrium (RA). We performed a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis concerning cases of unusual prominent crista terminalis mimicking RA mass. Moreover, we described the differential diagnosis of cardiac masses with the use of echocardiography, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). We also emphasize the potential importance of this structure in electrophysiological procedures, including its role in exaggerated arrhythmias...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

A 51-year-old male with a complicated medical history presented with shortness of breath. Preoperative workup confirmed the presence of a large atrial mass. However, delayed gadolinium enhancement CMR with long inversion time (TI 600) showed lack of enhancement, which was suggestive of a thrombus. During cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, delayed gadolinium enhancement sequences with long inversion time (TI 600) are commonly used to distinguish between an avascular thrombus versus a vascular tumor.

Cancer is a well-recognized risk factor for thromboembolic events and thromboembolism. This case report presents the rare coexistence of rectal carcinoma and pulmonary artery thrombosis in a female patient. A 44-year-old female presented with complaints of abdominal pain, vomiting, and obstipation. She had recently been diagnosed with rectal carcinoma. She had not undergone any invasive procedures in the past. Given the possibility of intestinal obstruction, an exploratory laparotomy was performed, followed by retrocolic gastrojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis with a feeding JT tube insertion...

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most frequently encountered arrhythmias in clinical practice, with stroke triggered by detachment of left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) after AF being its most critical complication. The purpose of this study was to construct a nomogram model for forecasting left atrial appendage (LAA) dense spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) and LAAT to accurately identify patients at high risk for stroke. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 433 patients with AF receiving transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from October 2019 to July 2022...

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the leading cause of in-hospital death and the third most frequent cause of cardiovascular death. The clinical presentation of PE is variable, and choosing the appropriate treatment for individual patients can be challenging. CASE SUMMARY: A 64-year-old man presented to hospital with acute chest pain, shortness of breath, and pulmonary oedema. Electrocardiogram revealed ST-elevation myocardial infarction. D-dimer was 18.8 mg/L fibrinogen equivalent units (FEU) (normal <0...

BACKGROUND: Device-related thrombosis (DRT) is a known complication to left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). The surface of a LAAC device should ideally have antithrombotic properties. The novel WATCHMAN FLX Pro (WFP) incorporates a fluoropolymer-coated fabric membrane designed to increase thromboresistance and facilitate endothelialization. Such features could potentially allow for a minimal post-procedural antithrombotic regimen. Radiopaque platinum markers at the device shoulders and a large 40 mm device are other novel features of the WFP...

Organic piezoelectric materials are emerging as integral components in the development of advanced implantable self-powered sensors for the next generation. Despite their promising applications, a key limitation lies in their reduced mechanical force-to-electricity conversion efficiency. In this study, we present a breakthrough in the fabrication of soft poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) organic electrospun piezoelectric nanofibers (OEPNs) with exceptional piezoelectric performance achieved through the incorporation of zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NR)...

BACKGROUND: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) present a poor prognosis. Current systemic therapies offer limited benefits. Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is a local regional treatment for advanced HCC, particularly in selected patients such as patients with PVTT or high intrahepatic tumor burden. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of HAIC combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy for HCC patients with PVTT, and explore factors related to survival prognosis, providing clues for treatment decisions for HCC patients...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly observed arrhythmia in the world and its prevalence increases with age. The main and most severe complication of AF is ischemic stroke. Oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy is the standard of care for stroke prevention in the high risk population. Initiation of this treatment is associated with a substantial risk of bleeding complications. Moreover, there is a group of patients who cannot tolerate OAC. In patients with AF the left atrial appendage (LAA) is the main source of thrombus formation...

INTRODUCTION: Variations in the left atrial appendage (LAA) morphology are associated with different embolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Data are scarce regarding the association between LAA morphology and Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using cardiac computed tomography (CCT) scans, LAA morphology was categorized as either chicken wing (CW), cactus, windsock, or cauliflower. Furthermore, we examined the presence of large secondary lobes arising from the main lobe, considering their existence as indicative of a complex LAA morphology...

INTRODUCTION: This study investigates how non-O blood groups relate to thrombus burden (TB) and prognosis in STEMI patients, aiming to shed light on their association with thrombotic complications in cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: Retrospectively, 1180 STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention were included. The study population was divided into groups according to TB status and the groups were compared in terms of basic clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters and ABO blood group types...