Fluid retention

This study aims to develop a gastroretentive sustained-release drug delivery system of paeonol using floating properties and to investigate its therapeutic effects in rat models. The gastric retention tablets of paeonol (GRT-Ps) were prepared by a direct compression method, and the Box-Behnken design was used to optimize its formulation. The optimized formulation containing 15% NaHCO3 and a 2:1 ratio of paeonol and HPMC-K4M floated within 1 min and remained afloat for more than 8 h in the simulated gastric fluid (200 mL, pH=1...

BACKGROUND: A new polyurethane foam dressing impregnated with 3% povidone-iodine (Betafoam; Genewell, Seoul, Korea) was recently developed based on the hypothesis that its physical properties, including improved moisture-retention capacity and antimicrobial activity, are at least as good as those achieved with the current foam dressings that contain silver, but also associated with reduced cost and cytotoxicity to host cells. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of Betafoam by comparing its physical properties, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity with those of 3 silver foam dressings (Allevyn-Ag [Smith & Nephew, Hull, United Kingdom]; Mepilex-Ag [Mölnlycke Health Care, Gothenburg, Sweden]; and PolyMem-Ag [Ferris MFG Corp, Burr Ridge, Illinois]) used worldwide...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite optimal therapy of diabetic nephropathy with agents blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the residual risk of nephropathy progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) remains high. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential role of endothelin antagonism as a therapeutic tool to reduce residual proteinuria and delay kidney injury progression among patients with diabetic nephropathy. RECENT FINDINGS: Preclinical studies have shown that endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) exert proteinuria lowering and nephroprotective actions in experimental models of diabetic nephropathy...

Endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists are potentially novel therapeutic agents in chronic kidney disease and resistant hypertension, but their use is complicated by sodium and water retention. In animal studies, this side effect arises from ETB receptor blockade in the renal tubule. Previous attempts to determine whether this mechanism operates in humans have been confounded by the hemodynamic consequences of ET receptor stimulation/blockade. We aimed to determine the effects of ET signaling on salt transport in the human nephron by administering subpressor doses of the ET-1 precursor, big ET-1...

A new method of simultaneous redox speciation of iron (II/III), manganese (II/III), and copper (I/II) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been designed. For the separation of redox species strong cation exchange chromatography (SCX) with isocratic elution was employed. Species were detected using inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-sf-MS), operating at medium resolution. The following parameters were optimized: analytical column, eluent composition and pH, CSF injection volume and dilution factor...

An efficient and cost-effective quantification procedure for lidocaine by HPLC has been developed to estimate lidocaine from an EVA matrix, plasma, peritoneal fluid and intra-articular fluid (IAF). This method guarantees the resolution of lidocaine from the degradation products obtained from alkaline and oxidative stress. Chromatographic separation of lidocaine was achieved with a retention time of 7 min using a C18 column with a mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 5...

The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, LRP1, interacts with APP and affects its processing. This is assumed to be mostly caused by the impact of LRP1 on APP endocytosis. More recently, also an interaction of APP and LRP1 early in the secretory pathway was reported whereat retention of LRP1 in the ER leads to decreased APP cell surface levels and in turn, to reduced Aβ secretion. Here, we extended the biochemical and immunocytochemical analyses by showing via live cell imaging analyses in primary neurons that LRP1 and APP are transported only partly in common (one third) but to a higher degree in distinct fast axonal transport vesicles...

The intestinal epithelium forms a highly dynamic and selective barrier that controls absorption of fluid and solutes while restricting pathogen access to underlying tissues. Barrier properties are achieved by intercellular junctions that include an apical tight junction (TJ) and subjacent adherens junctions and desmosomes. The TJ tetraspan claudin proteins form pores between epithelial cells to control paracellular fluid and ion movement. In addition to regulation of barrier function, claudin family members control epithelial homeostasis and are expressed in a spatiotemporal manner in the intestinal crypt-luminal axis...

OBJECTIVES: To describe a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome following antipsychotic treatment of catatonia, highlighting the potentially serious complications of this rare adverse drug reaction. METHODS: We present a case report of a patient who developed this syndrome with various sequelae. RESULTS: The patient developed neuroleptic after being treated with lorazepam and olanzapine for catatonia. He subsequently developed the complications of rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, pulmonary embolism, urinary retention and ileus...

The low water permeability feature of original cellulosic membranes was considered an advantage in the absence of dialysis equipment that are capable of controlling water removal. The advent of ultrafiltration control systems led to the development and use of high-flux (HF) membranes that allowed improved middle molecule removal including β-2 microglobulin. Further advances in technology allowed better control over the structure and permeability of membranes. Different polymers and improved spinning modalities led to significant advances in solute removal and hemocompatibility...

Hypercalcemia in patients with cancer is a common laboratory finding affecting up to 44% of that patient population. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 mediated hypercalcemia is one of the rare mechanisms of this endocrine emergency in cancer patients. It is even rarer for solid organ neoplasms to present with hypercalcemia mediated through the production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. We report a case of a 77-year-old female who presented to the hospital with hypercalcemia and later was found to have metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor...

The hospitalization of patients with Heart Failure represents an increasing burden for the healthcare system with more than 23 million worldwide suffering from this disease. In this paper we explore methods to detect fluid retention in the lungs by measuring the thoracic impedance, so that is possible to monitor Heart Failure patients, and physicians can early detect acute episodes. A small and portable device was developed to measure the thoracic impedance of the patient. From the measured thoracic impedance it can estimate the accumulation of fluid in the lungs...

BACKGROUND: Topical antimicrobial preparations are of utmost importance in treating suspected and confirmed meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) infections due to the increasing incidence of widespread resistance to systemic antimicrobials. Lasalocid is active against MRSP in vitro and this may become an important topical antimicrobial for the treatment of canine pyoderma. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To determine effects of various formulation types on penetration and retention of lasalocid applied to canine skin in vitro...

Ascites is the most common complication associated with cirrhosis resulting in poor quality of life, high risk of development of other complications of cirrhosis, increased morbidity and mortality associated with surgical interventions, and poor long-term outcome. Patients with cirrhosis and a first onset of ascites, have a probability of survival of 85% during the first year and 56% at 5 years without liver transplantation. Ascites is caused due to increased renal sodium retention as a result of increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in response to marked vasodilation of the splanchnic circulation...

Chronic skin wounds are a significant human health concern and are often complicated by infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Translating the knowledge gained from extensive study of virulence mechanisms and pathogenesis of these bacterial species to new treatment modalities has been lacking in part due to a paucity of animal models able to recapitulate human disease. Our groups recently described a novel porcine chronic burn wound model for the study of bacterial infection; however, the histopathology of infection has yet to be described...

BACKGROUND: This study compared the efficacy of Sapylin and Avitene in reducing postoperative axillary seroma formation and effusion when applied topically after axillary lymphadenectomy. METHODS: A total of 224 patients were randomly divided into a Sapylin treatment group (STG), an Avitene treatment group, and a control group (CG). All patients underwent axillary lymphadenectomy and were treated during surgery with Sapylin, Avitene, or neither according to their group assignment...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this clinical trial was to evaluate the long-term effect of endothelin receptor antagonism with bosentan on the morbidity and mortality of patients with severe chronic heart failure. BACKGROUND: Endothelin may play a role in heart failure, but short-term clinical trials with endothelin receptor antagonists have reported disappointing results. Long-term trials are lacking. METHODS: In 2 identical double-blind trials, we randomly assigned 1,613 patients with New York Heart Association functional class IIIb to IV heart failure and an ejection fraction <35% to receive placebo or bosentan (target dose 125 mg twice daily) for a median of 1...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the kinase mutation ratio, related factors, effectiveness and safety of the second generation drugs for imatinib-resistant patients with chronic myeloid leukemia(CML). METHODS: COX proportional hazard regression model was used for unvariate and multvariate analysis of various factors affecting the kinase mutation and for evaluating the effectiveness and safety of second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI). RESULTS: 13 kinds of mutation were detected in 19 out of 42 cases for 22 times, including 4 times of F359V, 3 times of E255K, 2 time for F359C, F317L, T315I, Y253H, 1 time for D256R, C250R, D276G, F486S, M244V, Y256H and G250E, 3 cases with mixed mutations...

BACKGROUND: The present study was undertaken to identify factors that correlate with the gain in body weight after surgery. METHODS: Twenty-one patients (median age of 49 years) were randomized to receive either Ringer × s acetate or 6% dextran 70 as their first infusion fluid during cholecystectomy or hysterectomy. Each patient's body weight was measured before the surgery and on the first postoperative morning. Blood and urine samples were analyzed for signs of stress, inflammation, and kidney injury...

BACKGROUND: The relative performance of semi-quantitative amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and predicting the cognitive evolution of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is still debated. METHODS: Subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 with complete baseline cognitive assessment (Mini Mental State Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale [ADAS-cog] scores), CSF collection (amyloid-β1-42 [Aβ], tau and phosphorylated tau) and (18)F-florbetapir scans were included in our cross-sectional cohort...