syntocinon

Although oxytocin may provide a novel therapeutics for the core features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), previous results regarding the efficacy of repeated or higher dose oxytocin are controversial, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The current study is aimed to clarify whether repeated oxytocin alter plasma cytokine levels in relation to clinical changes of autism social core feature. Here we analyzed cytokine concentrations using comprehensive proteomics of plasmas of 207 adult males with high-functioning ASD collected from two independent multi-center large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs): Testing effects of 4-week intranasal administrations of TTA-121 (A novel oxytocin spray with enhanced bioavailability: 3U, 6U, 10U, or 20U/day) and placebo in the crossover discovery RCT; 48U/day Syntocinon or placebo in the parallel-group verification RCT...

BACKGROUND: Although both pharmacotherapy and psychological treatments are considered to be efficacious in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), one third of patients do not respond to treatment and many experience residual symptoms post-treatment. In this double-blind placebo-controlled randomized control trial (RCT), we assessed whether intranasal oxytocin (OT) augments the therapeutic efficacy of psychotherapy for MDD and improves the therapeutic alliance. METHODS: Twenty-three volunteers (12 female) with MDD underwent 16 sessions of interpersonal therapy...

CONTEXT: Hypothalamic obesity is a rare, treatment-resistant form of obesity. In preliminary studies, the hypothalamic hormone oxytocin (OXT) has shown promise as a potential weight loss therapy. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether 8 weeks of intranasal OXT (vs 8 weeks of placebo) promotes weight loss in children, adolescents, and young adults with hypothalamic obesity. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot trial (NCT02849743), conducted at an outpatient academic medical center, included patients aged 10 to 35 years with hypothalamic obesity from hypothalamic/pituitary tumors...

BACKGROUND: The reproductive hormone oxytocin facilitates labour, birth and postpartum adaptations for women and newborns. Synthetic oxytocin is commonly given to induce or augment labour and to decrease postpartum bleeding. AIM: To systematically review studies measuring plasma oxytocin levels in women and newborns following maternal administration of synthetic oxytocin during labour, birth and/or postpartum and to consider possible impacts on endogenous oxytocin and related systems...

We aimed to directly compare women's pregnancy to postpartum outcomes and experiences across the major maternity models of care offered in Queensland, Australia. We conducted secondary analyses of self-reported data collected in 2012 from a state-wide sample of women who had recently given birth in Queensland (response rate = 30.4%). Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of outcomes and experiences associated with three models (GP Shared Care, Public Midwifery Continuity Care, Private Obstetric Care) compared with Standard Public Care, adjusting for relevant maternal characteristics and clinical covariates...

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Although intranasal oxytocin is expected to be a novel therapy for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, which has currently no approved medication, the efficacy of repeated administrations was inconsistent, suggesting that the optimal dose for a single administration of oxytocin is not optimal for repeated administration. The current double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03466671) was aimed to test the effect of TTA-121, a new formulation of intranasal oxytocin spray with an enhanced bioavailability (3...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with deficits in social interactions/communication. Despite the large number of ASD patients, there is no drug approved to treat its core symptoms. Recently, Syntocinon (oxytocin nasal spray) has been reported to have a therapeutic effect on ASD. However, the disadvantage of Syntocinon for ASD treatment is that 6 puffs/administration are required to achieve the effective pharmacological dose. Furthermore, there are no published reports evaluating the cerebral distribution profile of oxytocin after intranasal administration...

The inexorable rise in induction rates over the past two decades, in parallel with increasing medical costs and pressure to reduce length of stay, has led to marked logistic difficulties for health care workers, managers and planners. Maternity services are being overwhelmed by the need to allocate staff and delivery suite space for the scheduling and undertaking of induction processes, rather than focussing care for women in spontaneous labour. Induction of labour according to the majority of current protocols and guidelines necessitates increased length of stay and relatively aggressive use of oxytocin (to reduce the time expended in the labour ward from artificial rupture of membranes (AROM) to establishment of labour)...

A 34-year-old lady, with three previous spontaneous vaginal deliveries, presented in labor at 37 + 0 weeks' gestation. Following the birth of her third child, she underwent a laser cone biopsy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3. Despite sustained regular contractions and augmentation with Syntocinon, progressive cervical dilatation beyond 1 cm failed to occur in this multiparous lady. A delayed diagnosis of cervical stenosis was made. She eventually underwent a cesarean section where her internal cervical os was found to be thin and fibrotic...

Obstetrical healthcare providers frequently field questions about the safety of medications recommended or prescribed to their pregnant patients. Most women use as least 1 medication during pregnancy; however, there is little information about the safety or appropriate dosing of many medications during this phase of life. In addition, the development of drugs for use in pregnant women trails behind the development of drugs intended for other sectors of the population. Our goal is to inform the obstetrics community about the US Food and Drug Administration authority and their role in approving drugs for marketing...

OBJECTIVE: To compare labour and birth outcomes between nulliparous women who used versus did not use intrapartum epidural analgesia. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Two maternity hospitals in Ireland. POPULATION: A total of 1221 nulliparous women who gave birth vaginally or by emergency caesarean section. METHODS: Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse categorical outcomes, with results presented as ratios of relative risks (RRR)...

BACKGROUND: Labor is induced in over 20% of women in France. Prostaglandins, especially intravaginal dinoprostone (Propess®), are widely used to initiate cervical ripening. If labor does not start within 24 h, there is uncertainty about whether to administer a second dinoprostone pessary or to use oxytocin to induce labor in order to achieve a vaginal delivery. METHODS: RE-DINO is a prospective, open-label, multicenter, randomized superiority trial with two parallel arms running in six French hospitals...

OBJECTIVES: First, to compare the manual sagittal and parasagittal and automated parasagittal methods of measuring the angle of progression (AoP) by transperineal ultrasound during labor, and, second, to develop models for the prediction of time to delivery and need for Cesarean section (CS) for failure to progress (FTP) in a population of patients undergoing induction of labor. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of transperineal ultrasound in a cohort of 512 women with a singleton pregnancy undergoing induction of labor...

BACKGROUND: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Prophylactic uterotonic drugs can reduce blood loss and are routinely recommended. There are several uterotonic drugs for preventing PPH, but it is still debatable which drug or combination of drugs is the most effective. OBJECTIVES: To identify the most effective and cost-effective uterotonic drug(s) to prevent PPH, and generate a ranking according to their effectiveness and side-effect profile...

A 36-year-old woman with a history of one previous caesarean section presented to the birthing suite of a regional hospital with spontaneous rupture of membranes at 39+2/40 weeks. Syntocinon was administered to initiate uterine contractions in the absence of labour, as the patient desired vaginal birth. A caesarean section was subsequently indicated and ergometrine was administered for uterine atony. The patient immediately developed atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is the most common sustained arrhythmia in the general population, but is rare in the obstetric population...

BACKGROUND: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder with specific impairments in social cognition related to excessive concerns about one's appearance. Individuals with BDD have difficulty identifying emotional expressions and attribute internal factors for others' emotional expressions in self-referent (but not other-referent) scenarios. Given the role of oxytocin in regulating social approach behavior and social salience, we hypothesized that oxytocin would improve biases in emotion recognition, attributions, and threat interpretations in individuals with BDD, compared to healthy controls (HCs)...

Reduced social motivation is a hallmark of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Although the exact neural mechanisms are unclear, oxytocin has been shown to enhance motivation and attention to social stimuli, suggesting a potential to augment social reinforcement learning as the central mechanism of behavioral interventions in ASD. We tested how reinforcement learning in social contexts and associated reward prediction error (RPE) signals in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) were modulated by intranasal oxytocin...

BACKGROUND: In industrialised countries the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is increasing, for which exact etiology is not well understood. Studies have relied upon retrospective data with estimated blood loss as the primary outcome, known to be underestimated by clinicians. This study aimed to explore variables associated with PPH in a cohort of women birthing vaginally in coastal Queensland, Australia, using the gravimetric method to measure blood loss. METHODS: Women were prospectively recruited to participate using an opt-out consent process...

BACKGROUND: Pre-labour rupture of membranes (PROM) at term is a common event with early induction of labour reducing infectious morbidity without increasing the caesarean rate. Syntocinon is commonly used for induction but prostaglandins are also routinely used. Large studies have shown no difference in the maternal and neonatal outcomes with either method. AIM: To assess the safety and efficacy of vaginal prostaglandin (PG) compared to syntocinon for induction of labour in term-PROM...