meibomian gland dysfunction

This short review focuses on the significance and prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) in the arena of ophthalmology. DED can be identified as one of the most common optical morbidities affecting about one-fourth of the patients visiting ophthalmology clinics. The perception of the cytology and disease evolution of DED has shown a noteworthy advancement in the last decade by recognizing two diverse mechanisms of the disease: tear desertion and deficient tear production. The role of these two components independently or concurrently in the prevalence of DED was also understood...

INTRODUCTION: To assess the efficacy and safety of the combination of microblepharoexfoliation (MBE), intense pulse light (IPL) and meibomian gland expression (MGX) for treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). METHODS: This was a prospective, parallel-control trial conducted from April 2022 to January 2023. Participants were assigned to receive either three sessions of MBE-IPL-MGX treatment and home-based therapy (treatment group) or home-based therapy alone (control group)...

The accumulation of oleic acid (OA) in the meibum from patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) suggests that it may contribute to meibomian gland (MG) functional disorder, as it's a potent stimulator of acne-related lipogenesis and inflammation in sebaceous gland. Therefore, we investigate whether OA induces lipogenesis and inflammasome activation in organotypic cultured mouse MG and human meibomian gland epithelial cells (HMGECs). Organotypic cultured mouse MG and HMGECs were exposed to OA or combinations with specific AMPK agonists 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR)...

PURPOSE: To assess Meibomian gland dysfunction using meibography in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and correlate with ocular surface changes. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. All patients underwent a comprehensive and standardized interview. The best-corrected visual acuity of each eye was determined. Detailed ophthalmic examination was conducted, including biomicroscopy examination of the ocular surface, Schirmer test type I, and meibography, and fundus examination was also performed when possible...

PURPOSE: To demonstrate that the meibomian gland ductal basement membrane and basal epithelial cell layer are in continuity with and may derive from lid margin orifice-associated rete ridge epithelial/basement membrane structures (OARREBS) and to characterize changes in the distal duct microanatomy after meibomian gland probing (MGP) using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Pre/post-MGP IVCM examinations were performed on upper lids. Thirty-six identical glands from 20 lids of 16 patients (49...

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of treatment with preservative-free dexamethasone, NSAIDs and trehalose/hyaluronic acid eye drops with the preservative benzalkonium chloride containing dexamethasone and NSAIDs after cataract surgery in dry versus non-dry eyes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective randomized intervention study, dry eye tests were performed before and 6 weeks after cataract surgery. Patients were considered as having dry eye, SDE (sign of dry eye), if at least one of the following dry eye tests were abnormal; corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), non-invasive keratograph breakup time (NIKBUT) or tear osmolarity...

PURPOSE: Euthyroid Graves' ophthalmology (EGO) refers to the subgroup of thyroid eye disease patients with distinct clinical presentations. This study evaluated the ocular surface and meibomian gland changes in EGO patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at The Chinese University of Hong Kong including 34 EGO patients and 34 age-and sex- matched healthy controls. Outcome measures include anterior segment examination, keratographic and meibographic imaging...

BACKGROUND: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) causes significant patient morbidity as well as economic burden. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a novel eyelid warming and a neuro-stimulating device that delivers heat via low-level infrared radiation to the eyelids of patients with MGD. METHODS: In this prospective interventional study, patients with MGD were recruited at a single medical center. The main outcome measures included changes in tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer's test, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), overall satisfaction, and corneal signs of dry eye...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to address the issues surrounding the diagnosis of ocular rosacea and to evaluate the development of the patients' condition after treatment, as well as to distinguish between healthy and diseased patients using a glycomic analysis of tears. METHODOLOGY: A prospective study was conducted to assess a total of 68 eyes in 34 patients over a six-week period. These patients were diagnosed with ocular rosacea based on subjective symptoms and clinical examination...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of serial intravitreal injections (IVI) on measures of dry eye. METHODS: The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched according to the PROSPERO protocol (CRD42023455727). Studies evaluating the influence of serial IVI on the ocular surface compared with untreated fellow eyes were included. The measures of dry eye after IVI were used as outcome variables. The results are presented as mean difference (MD) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI)...

Blepharitis is a common ophthalmic condition with multiple etiologies and no definitive, universal treatment. The treatment modalities for managing lid margin diseases vary depending on the disease's cause, location, and severity. For anterior blepharitis, management options include eyelid hygiene with warm compresses, eyelid scrubs, baby shampoo, and over-the-counter eyelid cleansers. Topical antibiotics and antibiotic-steroid combination drops/ointments for the eye and eyelid may accompany these. For posterior blepharitis/meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), at-home warm compress or in-office administration of heat therapy/thermal pulsation treatment that aims to clear obstruction in the meibomian glands and restore meibum secretions to maintain a healthy tear film, are recommended...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the incidence of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) and enables ophthalmologists to pay attention to ocular surface damage before surgery. METHODS: 165 postmenopausal women with PANDO and 115 postmenopausal women with a normal lacrimal drainage system were enrolled in this prospective study. Based on the results of lacrimal duct irrigation and age, the participants were further subdivided...

Patient expectations for cataract surgery are continuously increasing, and dry eye disease (DED) represents a major cause of patient dissatisfaction in eye surgery. The present opinion paper aims to provide useful insights to improve the entire pathway of a patient undergoing cataract surgery, from the preoperative setting to the postoperative one. The available evidence from main clinical trials published on this topic is presented in association with experience-based points of view by the authors. Ocular surface disease (OSD) is common in patients presenting for cataract surgery, and more than half of these patients have DED and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), even in the absence of symptoms...

Blepharitis is a common chronic inflammatory condition affecting the eyelid margins; the pathophysiology of blepharitis is complex and not fully understood. The disease is anatomically divided into anterior (inflammation of eyelashes) and posterior (meibomian gland dysfunction) types. Diagnosis relies on clinical examination, revealing characteristic features like scurf, vascular changes, and meibomian gland dysfunction. The main goals of blepharitis treatment are symptom relief, recurrence prevention, and complication risk minimization...

PURPOSE: Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent ocular surface disease that is conventionally characterized by tear film hyperosmolarity and instability. This review presents a summarized classification of DED, followed by a comprehensive discussion of the most recent topical and systemic medications and clinical recommendations for selecting the most appropriate option for each patient. METHODS: An extensive literature search was conducted on electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using keywords including "dry eye syndrome," "ocular surface disease," "medical management," "artificial tears," "topical immunomodulators," and "meibomian gland dysfunction...

PURPOSE: The meibomian gland (MG), as the largest modified sebaceous gland, is potentially damaged by urban particulate matter (UPM) based on epidemiological evidence, but the specific experimental mechanisms remain unknown. This study investigated the effects of UPM on MG dysfunction (MGD) in rodent models. METHODS: Female C57BL/6J mice received eye drops containing UPM suspension or PBS for 14 days. The proliferative capacity and progenitor of MG were evaluated by immunofluorescence...

PURPOSE: Actinic conjunctivitis (AC), along with cheilitis (AChe), is part of the clinical spectrum of actinic prurigo (AP), a rare photo dermatosis that affects high-risk populations. We analyzed the clinical manifestations and onset of actinic conjunctivitis (AC), and its relationship with prurigo (AP) in a susceptible population. METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study was performed on Indigenous populations from the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico...

BACKGROUND: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the most common underlying cause of dry eye disease (DED). MGD leads to pathological alteration of the composition or quantity of meibum, or both, which subsequently results in tear evaporation and the typical signs and symptoms associated with DED. The LipiFlow Thermal Pulsation System (LipiFlow) is a medical device used to treat MGD in office; however, it is unclear if LipiFlow can outperform other DED treatments. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of LipiFlow for treating DED signs and symptoms and the safety of LipiFlow compared with sham or other available treatments for MGD in adults...

PURPOSE: Some systemic medications are reported to be associated with dry eye disease (DED), yet their associations with the severity of DED signs and symptoms are not well studied. To evaluate these associations, we performed a secondary analysis of data from the DRy Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study. METHODS: Participants (N = 535) were assessed for DED signs using tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer testing, corneal fluorescein staining, conjunctival lissamine green staining, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and tear osmolarity and DED symptoms using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)...

Introduction This study proposes the utility of an infrared auto refractometer for meibography and compares miebographs obtained by an auto refractometer to meibographs obtained by a designated meibography machine. Methods A prospective observational comparative study of meibographs of patients with clinical signs of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) using a designated meibography machine and an infrared auto refractometer. Five masked, experienced interpreters graded the images of the two machines. The Kappa test was used to calculate Intra-rater and inter-rater agreements between the meibography machine and automated refractor grading of meibomian gland dysfunction...