Miller-Fisher

Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS), characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia, is a Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) variant. It is well-known that the causative antibody for MFS is anti-GQ1b antibody. This report describes a rare case of MFS with not only anti-GQ1b antibodies but also anti-GT1a antibodies following Influenza A infection. The patient, a 47-year-old woman, contracted Influenza A three weeks before admission. She complained of double vision followed by areflexia, ataxia in the four extremities, and complete gaze palsy...

Miller Fisher syndrome is a rare and atypical variation of Guillain-Barré syndrome, which includes the clinical triad of areflexia, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. Miller Fisher syndrome is commonly associated with the involvement of the lower cranial and facial nerves. Miller Fisher syndrome is one of the types of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Guillain-Barré syndrome has been defined to be the foremost incapacitating form of neurological disease following the disease polio. Guillain-Barré syndrome is a broad category that encompasses several types of acute immune-mediated polyneuropathies, the most common of which is acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy...

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a polyneuropathy that can be caused by an autoimmune condition or a bacterial infection. In typical GBS cases, there is hypo- or areflexia, symmetrical limb weakness that worsens within four weeks of the symptoms. The facial nerve is involved in this situation, which results in weak facial muscles, which, in turn, affect facial emotions and movements. In this case study, a 21-year-old athlete who suffered from unexpected weakness that resulted in quadriplegia had goal-oriented physical therapy treatment designed for the patient, who recovered quickly...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Antiganglioside antibodies (AGAs) might be involved in the etiopathogenesis of many neurological diseases, such as Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Available comprehensive reference data regarding AGA positivity rates and cross-responsiveness among AGAs (where one line immunoblot is positive for ≥1 AGA) during routine clinical care are scant. METHODS: In this 10-year monocentric retrospective study, 3560 immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM line blots (GA Generic Assays' Anti-Ganglioside Dot kit) obtained using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 1342 patients were analyzed for AGA positivity in terms of 14 diagnosis categories and AGA cross-responsiveness...

A rare illness known as "Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis" (BBE) is characterized by an abrupt brainstem dysfunction and includes the triad of diminished consciousness, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. It differs from the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) by involving the central nervous system (CNS) and frequently manifesting as reduced consciousness. Here, we describe a rare instance of Bickerstaff's encephalitis coexisting with MFS, where the patient had rapidly progressing quadriplegia, VII cranial nerve palsy, and episodes of unconsciousness...

BACKGROUND: Enteric infections and their chronic sequelae are a major cause of disability and death. Despite the increasing use of administrative health data in measuring the burden of chronic diseases in the population, there is a lack of validated International Classification of Disease (ICD) code-based case definitions, particularly in the Canadian context. Our objective was to validate ICD code definitions for sequelae of enteric infections in Canada: acute kidney injury (AKI); hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS); thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP); Guillain-Barré syndrome/Miller-Fisher syndrome (GBS/MFS); chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP); ankylosing spondylitis (AS); reactive arthritis; anterior uveitis; Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, erythema nodosum (EN); neonatal listeriosis (NL); and Graves' disease (GD)...

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Clinical symptoms and laboratory indices for acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome, and acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (A-CIDP) were analyzed to identify factors that could contribute to early differential diagnosis. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on 44 AIDP and 44 A-CIDP patients looking for any demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations or laboratory parameters that might differentiate AIDP from acutely presenting CIDP...

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is described by a wide range of motor impairment, flaccidity, hyporeflexia, and progressive and ascending flaccid paralysis. Group B Streptococcus , also known as Streptococcus agalactia and Campylobacter jejuni , are Gram-positive bacteria also known as the leading cause of GBS; its variants are acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (AIDP), and Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ganglioside antibodies can help diagnose distinct acute and chronic inflammatory neuropathies including axonal variants of Guillain-Barre syndrome, Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS), multifocal motor neuropathy, and chronic sensory ataxic neuropathies. Because ganglioside antibody testing may be routinely ordered in patients with suspected inflammatory neuropathy, we sought to evaluate its yield and utilization in clinical practice. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients at London Health Sciences Centre who underwent ganglioside antibody testing between April 2019 and August 2023...

BACKGROUND: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), as the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide, is considered a part of a clinical spectrum in which discrete, complete, or incomplete forms of GBS and overlapping syndromes lie on the basis of their clinical features. The term overlapping Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS)/GBS is used when patients with MFS also suffer from progressive motor weakness of the limbs. Anti-ganglioside GQ1b has been specifically associated with MFS and ophthalmoplegia...

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Anti-GQ1b antibodies are considered a hallmark of Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS), a rare variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The typical clinical presentation of MFS includes ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. Here, we present an unusual case of a 65-year-old man with acute-onset quadriplegia and bulbar weakness resembling locked-in syndrome. Imaging studies did not show structural lesions as a cause for his clinical symptoms. Nerve conduction studies showed severe axonal sensory-motor polyneuropathy...

The clinical category of immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCAs) has been established after 3 decades of clinical and experimental research. The cerebellum is particularly enriched in antigens (ion channels and related proteins, synaptic adhesion/organizing proteins, transmitter receptors, glial cells) and is vulnerable to immune attacks. IMCAs include various disorders, including gluten ataxia (GA), post-infectious cerebellitis (PIC), Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD), opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS), and anti-GAD ataxia...

Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS) is a rare variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome, characterized by ataxia, areflexia, ophthalmoplegia, and possible facial, swallowing and limb weakness alongside respiratory failure. Variations within MFS may include respiratory and limb weakness and Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE), marked by altered consciousness, ataxia, ophthalmoparesis, and paradoxical hyperreflexia. MFS can emerge in both children and adults, often following bacterial or viral illness. While autoimmune-driven nerve damage occurs, most MFS patients recover within six months without specific treatment, with a low risk of lasting neurological deficits or relapses...

Approximately two-thirds of the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) cases are preceded by upper respiratory tract infection or enteritis. There has been previous documentation of a clear association between Covid-19 and GBS. Covid-19 can affect the nervous tissue either through direct damage or through triggering a host immune response with subsequent development of autoimmune diseases such as GBS. Covid-19 can affect the host`s immune system through the activation and interaction of the T-and B-lymphocytes with subsequent production of antibodies that cross-react with the gangliosides...

Guillain-Barré syndrome occurs via molecular mimicry when a trigger sets off an immune response on peripheral nerve epitopes. Patients typically report an antecedent infection, such as an upper respiratory infection or Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis. It is typically characterized by progressive, symmetric muscle weakness with absent/decreased deep tendon reflexes. Most cases in the literature report that the paralysis begins in the legs distally and ascends to the extremities. Patients may have sensory symptoms or dysautonomia as well...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association of COVID-19 infection and vaccination with neuro-ophthalmic adverse events. METHODS: In this nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study, 8,498,353 patients were classified into three groups: control, COVID-19 infection, and COVID-19 vaccination. We conducted separate analyses for the early phase (within 60 days) and late phases (61-180 days) to estimate the incidence rates and hazard ratio (HR) for each neuro-ophthalmic adverse event...

BACKGROUND: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the leading cause of non-polio acute flaccid paralysis worldwide, emphasizing the importance of epidemiological studies on this condition. Therefore, well-designed epidemiological studies in different populations can provide a better understanding of the characteristics of patients with GBS and the nature of the disease. To our knowledge, no previous study has attempted to describe the characteristics of patients with GBS in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) based on disease subtypes and clinical features in both adult and pediatric patients...

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