BCC

Targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway represents a potentially novel approach to treat basal cell carcinoma (BCC), but activation of this pathway has not been well described in human BCCs. The purpose of this study was to assess whether mTOR pathway activation occurs in BCCs (both sporadic and syndromic) and report a case of a patient with Gorlin syndrome (GS) whose clinically suspicious BCCs responded to mTOR inhibition through topical sirolimus treatment. After Stanford Institutional Review Board Approval, archived BCCs from patients with GS (n = 25), sporadic BCCs (n = 35), and control tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for the activation of mTOR pathway, and immunohistochemical staining intensity was evaluated by a dermatopathologist...

AIMS: Cutaneous follicular (infundibular-tricholemmal) squamous cell carcinoma (FSCC) is a new World Health Organization entity. We present the largest series of published cases, summarizing clinical data, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and implications for patient management. METHODS: Cases were identified from 2004 to 2011. Inclusion criteria included discrete attachment(s) of the tumor to the overlying epidermis via follicular infundibula, tricholemmal keratinization, and cellular pleomorphism...

We introduce a Molecular Theory for Compressible Fluids (MOLT-CF) that enables us to compute free energies and other thermodynamic functions for nanoparticle superlattices with any solvent content, including the dry limit. Quantitative agreement is observed between MOLT-CF and united-atom molecular dynamics simulations performed to assess the reliability and precision of the theory. Among other predictions, MOLT-CF shows that the amount of solvent within the superlattice decreases approximately linearly with its vapor pressure and that in the late stages of drying, solvent-filled voids form at lattice interstitials...

BACKGROUND: Surgeons face challenges associated with adherent cutaneous scalp malignancy. Traditional general anesthetic excision involves periosteal removal and burring of the outer table of the calvaria for deep margin clarity and tissue reconstruction. Research on this practice is limited, and graft survival in burr-treated bones is underexplored. This study aimed to assess the clinical margin accuracy for immobile scalp malignancies, identify deep-invading malignancy types, and evaluate graft survival in burr-treated calvariae...

OBJECTIVES: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer and the most frequently occurring form of all cancers, affecting sun-exposed areas like the face. Surgery is the main treatment, focusing on safe and minimally invasive methods for better outcomes. Technology has enabled the development of artificial skin substitutes for tissue repair. Tissue engineering uses scaffolds to create functional replacements. This project aims to create an alginate-based hydrogel with PEG-coated gold nanoparticles...

Oxidative phosphorylation has emerged as a critical therapeutic vulnerability of M. tuberculosis , but it is unknown how M. tuberculosis and other pathogens maintain respiration during infection. M. tuberculosis synthesizes diisonitrile lipopeptide chalkophores that chelate copper tightly, but their role in host-pathogen interactions is also unknown. We demonstrate that M. tuberculosis chalkophores maintain the function of the heme-copper bcc:aa 3 respiratory oxidase under copper limitation. Chalkophore deficient M...

Phase evolution and strengthening of the FeNiCoCrMo0.5 Al1.3 powder alloy produced via inert gas atomization and annealed in the temperature interval of 300-800 °C have been studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and microhardness testing. It was found that annealing at 300-600 °C leads to an increase of the element segregations between the several solid solutions with a rise of the lattice misfit (ε) to 1.5 % and microhardness growth to 1070 HV...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In recent years, there has been an increase in skin cancer. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the representation of skin cancer in public awareness worldwide and in Germany, and to determine whether Skin Cancer Awareness Month is represented in the search interests of the Internet-using population in the same way as Breast Cancer Awareness Month worldwide. DATA AND METHODS: In this study, Google Trends data were used to track levels of public awareness for different tumor entities and skin cancer types worldwide and for Germany...

The plastic response of the Senkov HfNbTaTiZr high-entropy alloy is explored by means of simulated nanoindentation tests. Both a random alloy and an alloy with chemical short-range order are investigated and compared to the well understood case of an elementary Ta crystal. Strong differences in the dislocation plasticity between the alloys and the elementary Ta crystal are found. The high-entropy alloys show only little relaxation of the indentation dislocation network after indenter retraction and only negligible dislocation emission into the sample interior...

There have been rapid advancements in the field of ocular oncology for the diagnosis and management of intraocular, adnexal, and orbital tumors. Targeted therapy is in the forefront medical research in all fields including ocular oncology. Targeted therapy are drugs that target specific genetic mutations, pathways or proteins involved in the development of cancer. In contrast to traditionally used chemotherapy, drugs used in targeted therapy are highly specific for tumor cells and preserve the function of normal cells...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical determinants of complete response in locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (laBCC) patients receiving Sonidegib in a real-life, retrospective, observational study.  Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (Vismodegib and Sonidegib) are approved for the systemic treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (laBCC). The objective response rate was the primary endpoint of the trials for both drugs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Adult patients with laBCC treated with Sonidegib at the Dermato-Oncology Unit of IFO San Gallicano between June 2020 and September 2022 were included in the study...

OBJECTIVES: To report an autoimmune paraneoplastic encephalitis characterized by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody targeting synaptic protein calmodulin kinase-like vesicle-associated (CAMKV). METHODS: Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples harboring unclassified antibodies on murine brain-based indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were screened by human protein microarray. In 5 patients with identical cerebral IFA staining, CAMKV was identified as top-ranking candidate antigen...

BACKGROUND: Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China, and there are several studies on the composition and diversity of bacteria in Poyang Lake, while few quantitative studies were carried out on the response of the bacterial community to environmental factors during the extreme flood season in Poyang Lake. METHODS: The connected-lake heterogeneity of bacterial community composition (BCC) was investigated in Poyang Lake during the flood season in 2020...

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous neoplastic disorders are often observed in small mammal pets, such as dogs, regardless of their gender. AIM: An important objective of this work was to give a full account of the clinical, pathological, and immune-histochemical features of several skin tumors in dogs. METHODS: This study was a case series in the hospital clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt. Twenty-five dogs (14 males and 11 females) were examined clinically during the period from March 2022 to October 2023...

Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is considered the gold standard for treating high-risk cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC), but is expensive, time-consuming, and can be unpredictable as to how many stages will be required or how large the final lesion and corresponding surgical defect will be. This study is meant to investigate whether optical coherence tomography (OCT), a highly researched modality in dermatology, can be used preoperatively to map out the borders of BCC, resulting in fewer stages of MMS or a smaller final defect...

Seeking low-cost and eco-friendly electrode catalyst of microbial fuel cell (MFC) reactor has received extensive attention in recent decades. In this study, a sludge MFC was coupled with biochar-modified-anode (BC-300, BC-400, and BC-500) for actual brewery wastewater treatment. The physicochemical properties of biochar largely depended on the pyrolysis temperature, further affecting the removal efficiency of wastewater indicators. BC-400 MFC proved to be efficient for TN and NH4 + -N removal, while the maximum removal efficiencies of COD and TP were achieved by BC-500 MFC, reaching respectively 97...

PURPOSE: Locally advanced, unresectable basal cell carcinoma (LA BCC) can be treated with radiation therapy (RT), but locoregional control (LRC) rates are unsatisfactory. Vismodegib is a hedgehog pathway inhibitor (HPI) active in BCC that may radiosensitize BCC. We evaluated the combination of vismodegib and RT for patients with LA BCC. METHODS: In this multicenter, single-arm, phase II study, patients with unresectable LA BCC received 12 weeks of induction vismodegib, followed by 7 weeks of concurrent vismodegib and RT...

PURPOSE: The mainstay of treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) on thin skin remains surgical, but procedures on older hands may be complicated by skin fragility and dermal atrophy. Used without cooling, 595 nm (nm) pulsed dye laser (PDL) has the capability of destroying NMSC through nonspecific thermal necrosis. The purpose of this study was to understand recurrence of NMSC on dorsal hands of older patients after one or two treatments using 595 nm PDL. METHODS: A retrospective chart review identified 147 cases of NMSC located on the dorsal hands treated with 595 nm PDL...

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland (pSCCP) has long been recognized as a separate entity and is included in the WHO classifications of salivary gland tumors. However, it is widely accepted among head and neck pathologists that pSCCP is exceptionally rare. Yet, there are many publications describing series of pSCCP and data from SEER and other cancer register databases indicate erroneously an increasing incidence of pSCCP. Importantly, pSCCP and metastatic (secondary) squamous cell carcinoma to the parotid gland (mSCCP) have nearly identical histological features, and the diagnosis of pSCCP should only be made after the exclusion of mSCCP...

Narrow-band TL-01 ultraviolet B phototherapy (TL-01) is an effective and widely used treatment for many skin diseases. The purpose of the investigation was to assess the risk of skin cancers in patients treated with TL-01 phototherapy who have not received any other phototherapy modalities. This cohort study included 4,815 TL-01 treated patients in Finland with psoriasis or atopic dermatitis. Clinical information was collected from the hospital records and linked with Finnish Cancer Registry data. The follow-up started from the first TL-01 treatment and the mean follow-up time was 8...