Pulmonary chest

BACKGROUND: Information regarding late recurrence after pulmonary resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is limited. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for late recurrence after surgery for NSCLC in the current era. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent complete resection for pathological I-III NSCLC between 2006 and 2015. Late recurrence was defined as a recurrence that met the following conditions: (1) the patient underwent chest computed tomography (CT) at or after 54 months after surgery and recurrence was not detected at that time, and (2) recurrence that occurred more than 5 years after surgery...

A 74-year-old man was suffering from nine months of perineal pain and progressive worsening of urinary symptoms including nocturia and urgency. His prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were 1.48 ng/mL at the time of referral. Initially, a differential diagnosis of prostatitis or seminal vesicle inflammation was made, and four weeks of antibiotics were prescribed, which were later extended to six weeks due to failure of symptoms to resolve. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate was then conducted...

PURPOSE: This retrospective study describes the imaging findings on chest computed tomography (CT) scans of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients as well as the prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis and the potential risk factors for the disease. METHODS: One of the major COVID-19 centers in the western province of Saudi Arabia, the King Abdullah Medical Complex in Jeddah, was the site of this study. All adult COVID-19 patients who got a CT chest scan between January 2020 and April 2022 were included in the trial...

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a life-saving procedure for patients with severe portal hypertension and persistent variceal bleeding. Stent fracture is a rare and severe complication; however, its cause and mechanisms remain poorly defined. This case helps understand the factors contributing to its occurrence, complications, and subsequent poor outcomes. A 63-year-old male was presented with ruptured bare stent after a TIPS procedure. The upper edge of the bare stent was ruptured, and its fraction subsequently migrated to the entrance of the right atrium...

We reported a 51-year-old male electric welder with stage I pneumoconiosis, who had no significant cough, sputum, fever, chest pain, or other discomfort. However, regular physical examination at our hospital revealed bilateral pulmonary nodules with cavity formation. Blood routine, liver or kidney function, and infection-related biomarkers, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT), were normal. Sputum and alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smears, BALF Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) PCR, and T-SPOT...

We present a case of a complex congenital coronary artery fistula between the right coronary artery, left anterior descending artery, and the main pulmonary artery complicated by massive aneurysms and a left-to-right shunt. We highlight the multimodality approach to assessment and the importance of individualized management of complex coronary fistulas.

Chronic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) require frequent point-of-care monitoring. X-ray-based methods lack resolution and are ionizing. Chest computerized tomographic (CT) scans are expensive and provide more radiation. Conventional ultrasound can detect severe lung damage via vertical artifacts (B-lines). However, this information is not quantitative, and the appearance of B-lines is operator- and system-dependent. Here we demonstrate novel ultrasound-based biomarkers to assess severity of ILDs. Lung alveoli scatter ultrasound waves, leading to a complex acoustic signature, which is affected by changes in alveolar density due to ILDs...

It's reported that 10% of the inpatients by traumas have fractured ribs. It's easy to judge if it's the case of flail chest, or respiratory failure due to airway injury or pulmonary contusion. There is no guideline for treatments of a patient who has multiple ribs fractures without respiratory failure. We did the surgical stabilization of rib fractures for 10 cases from 2020 to October 2023. As a result, we find out useful surgical indication for treatment of rib fractures.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is now commonly used in emergency surgery to confirm the site of injury and observe the thoracic cavity, especially in cases of chest trauma with stable vital signs. VATS was used in all 33 chest trauma surgeries performed at our department from October 2009 to July 2023. The common injury mechanisms were traffic trauma and falls, but there were also cases of trauma from a bullhorn, heavy machinery and farm equipment, and penetrating injury. The common surgical procedures were treatment of rib fractures and pulmonary suture or partial lung resection, followed by treatment of diaphragmatic injuries...

A man in his 50s was stabbed deeply in the back with a knife and brought to the emergency room. He was found to have a significant left hemopneumothorax. He was planned to undergo hemostatic surgery under general anesthesia. However, shortly after the change in a right lateral decubitus position, he experienced ventricular fibrillation. Hemostasis of the intercostal artery injury, the source of bleeding, and suture of the injured visceral pleura were performed under extracorporeal membrance oxgenation( ECMO)...

BACKGROUND: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous syndrome that is poorly defined, reflecting an incomplete understanding of its pathophysiology. AIM: To redefine the phenotypic spectrum of HFpEF. METHODS: The PACIFIC-PRESERVED study is a prospective multicentre cohort study designed to perform multidimensional deep phenotyping of patients diagnosed with HFpEF (left ventricular ejection fraction≥50%), patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (left ventricular ejection fraction≤40%) and subjects without overt heart failure (3:2:1 ratio)...

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical utility, reproducibility, and radiologists' acceptance of the Interstitial Lung Disease Imaging-Reporting and Data System (ILD-RADS). METHOD: In this single-institutional retrospective study, three radiologists independently reviewed the chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) scans of 111 consecutive patients diagnosed with ILDs. They assessed the HRCT pulmonary features using the ILD-RADS template and assigned an ILD-RADS category (1-4) to each scan based on the identified imaging pattern...

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of pulmonary visceral subpleural hematoma during care of post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation including chest compressions and anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies is extremely rare. Also, there are few reports of treatment of visceral subpleural hematoma, most of which are treated by lung resection. Here we describe a rare case that pulmonary visceral subpleural hematoma arose during post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation care and was treated by hematoma evacuation...

BACKGROUND: Lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a relatively difficult-to-treat pneumonia in children. The time of radiographic resolution after treatment is variable, a long recovery time can result in several negative effects, and it has attracted our attention. Therefore, exploring factors associated with delayed radiographic resolution will help to identify these children at an early stage and prepare for early intervention. METHODS: The data of 339 children with lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae were collected from the Department of Pediatrics of Fu Yang People's Hospital, China from January 2021 to June 2022...

PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model for the classification of acute and chronic lung nodules from nontuberculous mycobacterial-lung disease (NTM-LD) on computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected a data set of 650 nodules (316 acute and 334 chronic) from the CT scans of 110 patients with NTM-LD. The data set was divided into training, validation, and test sets in a ratio of 4:1:1. Bounding boxes were used to crop the 2D CT images down to the area of interest...

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a global social and economic impact. An easy assessment procedure to handily identify the mortality risk of inpatients is urgently needed in clinical practice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a simple nomogram model to categorize patients who might have a poor short-term outcome. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 189 COVID-19 patients was performed at Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital from December 12, 2022 to February 28, 2023...

Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a potentially fatal complication and remains a surgical challenge. Concomitant problems, such as pulmonary infection and respiratory failure, are typically the main contributors to mortality from BPF because of improper contact between the bronchial and pleural cavity. We present the case of a 75-year-old male patient with a history of right upper lobe lung cancer resection who developed complex BPFs. Following appropriate antibiotic therapy and chest tube drainage, we treated the fistulas using endobronchial valve EBV placement and local argon gas spray stimulation...

Scimitar Syndrome is part of a complex spectrum of congenital cardiovascular anomalies related to anomalous pulmonary venous return. Depending on the extent of involvement, treatment can be either expectant or surgical. Prognosis and survival have been controversial, with some results supporting early surgical management. This research aims to disclose the outcomes and describe the management, clinical and imaging characteristics of patients diagnosed with Scimitar Syndrome treated in a tertiary referral healthcare center...

Amyloidosis presents a diagnostic challenge, particularly when concomitant with severe conditions like acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this report, we detail the case of a 73-year-old patient with acute exacerbation of IPF and simultaneous emergence of cardiac amyloidosis. The patient's clinical journey began with persistent exertional dyspnea, progressing to hypoxemia on admission. Chest CT scans showed extensive ground-glass opacities, consolidations, and pre-existing honeycombing-like cysts and reticular shadows, accompanied by a right-sided pleural effusion...

The presented case describes a 56-year-old male with adult-onset Still's disease, exhibiting polyserositis in 2019, who underwent pleurectomy and pericardiectomy. Despite treatment with tocilizumab and methylprednisolone, the patient developed deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in 2022, managed with apixaban. A contrast-enhanced chest tomography revealed no recurrent thromboembolic events. Over a year, the patient experienced progressive dyspnea, correlating with signs of constriction on transthoracic echocardiogram...