keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36162937/anatomical-changes-of-the-vulva-due-to-childbirth-and-aging
#1
REVIEW
Kristi Hustak, Pallavi Archana Kumbla, Sofia Liu
The female reproductive system consists of several structures. These organs are constantly undergoing changes throughout the lifetime of a woman. Most of these occur due to changes in estrogen and progesterone levels at key transitions in life such as puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. Laxity and atrophy occur during pregnancy and menopause, respectively, can cause significant symptomology for women. Although some women do have return to normal anatomy following pregnancy, many do not and develop pelvic organ prolapse that worsens over their lifetime...
October 2022: Clinics in Plastic Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36030662/to-clot-or-not-to-clot-the-dilemma-of-hormone-treatment-options-for-menopause
#2
REVIEW
Renata M Booyens, Anna-Mart Engelbrecht, Ledivia Strauss, Etheresia Pretorius
Untreated menopause may have serious health implications, but treatments can have dangerous side effects. We evaluate menopausal symptoms as well as available treatments -the routes of administration and their effect on blood coagulation. Menopausal females may experience hot flushes, vulva- and vaginal atrophy and osteoporosis. Many treatments are available to relieve these symptoms such as Conjugated Equine Estrogen and bioidentical hormones. The routes of administration include oral and transdermal. Hormones that are administered orally undergo a hepatic first pass metabolism...
October 2022: Thrombosis Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35103527/consensus-statement-urogenital-atrophy
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paula Briggs
This guidance refers to urogenital atrophy, a chronic and progressive condition due to estrogen deficiency, most commonly associated with the menopause. There is a potential negative impact on all urogenital tissue quality including the vulva, vagina, bladder and urethra. Symptoms may not become apparent for several years after the menopause and therefore any association is lost, with women accepting symptoms as a normal part of the aging process. There may be reluctance to discuss symptoms with a clinician and this is likely to be linked with under diagnosis and under treatment...
March 2022: Post Reproductive Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33878192/a-pilot-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-clinical-trial-on-the-efficacy-and-safety-of-a-transdermal-gel-that-delivers-co2-in-the-treatment-of-vulvovaginal-atrophy
#4
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Gustavo H Leibaschoff, Carmen Teresa Navarro Arrieta, Carmen Leonor Garcés Reyes, Juliana L Melamed
This prospective study aimed to assess the efficacy of a transdermal CO2 gel in promoting regeneration in the vulvovaginal area in postmenopausal women experiencing symptoms as part of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Transdermal carboxytherapy refers to the application of CO2 through the skin's superficial layer, which is intended to increase oxygenation (through the Bohr effect) and angiogenesis, thus helping to reduce symptoms of GSM. In this study, 20 women with moderate or severe signs or symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy were randomized to receive either transdermal CO2 therapy (n=10) or a placebo gel (ultrasound gel, n=10)...
May 20, 2021: Surgical Technology International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33759670/hyaluronic-acid-in-vulvar-and-vaginal-administration-evidence-from-a-literature-systematic-review
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
G Buzzaccarini, L Marin, M Noventa, A Vitagliano, A Riva, F Dessole, G Capobianco, L Bordin, A Andrisani, G Ambrosini
Vulvovaginal pathology impairs the quality of life of both women in menopause and those who are not. Different therapies have been proposed, mainly related to estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women. However, some contraindications limit its use, and different moisturizers or lubricants have been tested. Hyaluronic acid is a promising and widely used vaginal medical treatment with a moisturizing action and appears to provide a solution. For this reason, we performed a systematic review of the literature. We searched for original articles without date restriction until 30 April 2020...
December 2021: Climacteric: the Journal of the International Menopause Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33673759/urogenital-atrophy-the-unknown-factors-challenging-current-practice
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paula Briggs, Dharani K Hapangama
Urogenital atrophy occurs as a result of the effect of estrogen deficiency on the tissue quality in the vulva, vagina, urethra and bladder. It is a common consequence of the menopause, with possibly up to 80% of women experiencing symptoms. Despite a number of different diagnostic methods, there is no validated objective method by which to confirm the diagnosis in clinical practice and research settings. Education, for women and clinicians, is called for to support diagnosis and treatment. However, before this can be of global benefit, development of an accessible and reproducible diagnostic test is required...
March 5, 2021: Post Reproductive Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33118795/common-benign-chronic-vulvar-disorders
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nancy E Ringel, Cheryl Iglesia
Common benign chronic vulvar conditions include genitourinary syndrome of menopause (formerly called vulvovaginal atrophy), lichen sclerosus, lichen planus, lichen simplex chronicus, and vulvodynia. Genitourinary syndrome of menopause results from the hypoestrogenic state that leads to atrophy of normal vulvar and vaginal tissues. It is typically treated with lubricants, moisturizers, and intravaginal estrogen. Lichen sclerosus is an inflammatory condition characterized by intense vulvar itching. It is treated with topical steroids or, in some cases, topical calcineurin inhibitors...
November 1, 2020: American Family Physician
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32590724/diagnosis-and-management-of-vulvar-skin-disorders-acog-practice-bulletin-number-224
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
Vulvar skin disorders include a variety of inflammatory conditions of the vulva that also may affect the extragenital area. Pruritus and pain are two of the most common presenting symptoms in vulvar clinics (). Vulvovaginal symptoms often are chronic and can adversely affect sexual function and sense of well-being. The purpose of this Practice Bulletin is to provide updated diagnostic and management recommendations for the most common vulvar skin conditions associated with inflammation: contact dermatitis, lichen simplex chronicus, lichen sclerosus, and lichen planus...
July 2020: Obstetrics and Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32590722/diagnosis-and-management-of-vulvar-skin-disorders-acog-practice-bulletin-summary-number-224
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
Vulvar skin disorders include a variety of inflammatory conditions of the vulva that also may affect the extragenital area. Pruritus and pain are two of the most common presenting symptoms in vulvar clinics (). Vulvovaginal symptoms often are chronic and can adversely affect sexual function and sense of well-being. The purpose of this Practice Bulletin is to provide updated diagnostic and management recommendations for the most common vulvar skin conditions associated with inflammation: contact dermatitis, lichen simplex chronicus, lichen sclerosus, and lichen planus...
July 2020: Obstetrics and Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32332553/technical-refinements-of-vulvar-reconstruction-in-gender-affirming-surgery
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Geolani W Dy, Christodoulos Kaoutzanis, Lee Zhao, Rachel Bluebond-Langner
Penile inversion vaginoplasty involves creation of vulva and a vaginal canal. Few studies describe techniques for creating aesthetic vulvar components, particularly the clitoral hood and labia minora. The authors present their approach to primary vulvoplasty, aiming to achieve the following: (1) labia minora that are well-defined and three-dimensional; (2) labia minora that frame the introitus; (3) sufficient clitoral hooding; (4) a patent introitus that appears closed at rest; and (5) prominent labia majora...
May 2020: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32329093/fractional-co-2-laser-treatment-of-the-vulva-and-vagina-and-the-effect-of-postmenopausal-duration-on-efficacy
#11
Macrene R Alexiades
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: More studies are needed to assess the long-term safety profile and clinical outcomes of lasers and energy-based devices to treat the symptoms associated with vulvovaginal atrophy. This study evaluated a series of three fractional CO2 laser treatments to the vulva and vagina with a 1-year follow-up in a postmenopausal population. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective, self-controlled, open-label clinical study, 18 postmenopausal females with atrophic vaginitis received 3 monthly treatments to the vulva and vagina with a fractional CO2 laser system and 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up...
February 2021: Lasers in Surgery and Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32181734/vulvar-pruritus-causes-diagnosis-and-therapeutic-approach
#12
REVIEW
Linn Woelber, Katharina Prieske, Werner Mendling, Barbara Schmalfeldt, Hans-Jürgen Tietz, Anna Jaeger
BACKGROUND: In Germany, 17-23% of the population suffers from chronic itching of the skin; in 5-10% of cases, the female genitalia are affected, specifically, the vulva. Vulvar pruritus is thus a common symptom that often markedly impairs the affected women's quality of life. METHODS: This review is based on pertinent publications that were retrieved by a selective search in MEDLINE/PubMed for articles on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of vul- var pruritus...
February 21, 2020: Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30446472/structure-of-epithelial-and-stromal-compartments-of-vulvar-and-vaginal-tissue-from-women-with-vulvo-vaginal-atrophy-taking-ospemifene
#13
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Stefania Alvisi, Maurizio Baldassarre, Giulia Gava, Ilaria Mancini, Martina Gagliardi, Renato Seracchioli, Maria Cristina Meriggiola
INTRODUCTION: Vulvo-vaginal atrophy affects the daily lives of most post-menopausal women. We know that ospemifene intake can induce vaginal epithelial improvements within a few weeks; however, direct evidence of the effects of ospemifene on the human vulva and on connective tissue of both the vagina and vulva are lacking. AIM: To evaluate the changes induced by ospemifene on epithelium thickness, glycogen content proliferation index, collagen content, and type I/III collagen ratio in vulvar and vaginal tissue of post-menopausal women...
December 2018: Journal of Sexual Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29791707/evaluation-of-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-a-novel-radiofrequency-device-for-vaginal-treatment
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeffrey C Caruth
INTRODUCTION: Vaginal laxity and atrophy are caused mainly by aging and vaginal childbirth, which lead to a loss of strength and flexibility within the vaginal wall. As a result, women may experience vaginal, pelvic, sexual and urinary symptoms that significantly affect their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel radiofrequency (RF) device for internal and external vaginal treatment. METHODS: Thirty women who had been diagnosed with symptoms of vaginal laxity and pelvic relaxation received a single treatment that consisted of continuous RF in the internal genitalia and continuous RF followed by fractional RF in the external vulva...
June 1, 2018: Surgical Technology International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28928886/vulvar-cancer-in-china-epidemiological-features-and-risk-analysis
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xue Xiao, Yi-Bo Meng, Peng Bai, Juan Zou, Ya Zhang, Tri M Bui Nguyen, Jian-Guo Xiao, Xue-Mei Gao, Bang-Fen Wen
Objective: Describe for the first time the clinical, epidemiological features of vulvar cancer in southwest China. Identify risk factors and provide reference for the prevention of vulvar cancer. Method: We retrospectively analyzed 885 patients admitted to the West China Second University Hospital for vulvar diseases between 2006 and 2016. Vulvar cancer patients with previously diagnosed vulvar nonneoplastic epithelial disorders (n=132) were analyzed and compared to those without prior history of vulvar nonneoplastic epithelial disorders (n=219)...
2017: Journal of Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28503946/fractional-co-2-laser-therapy-a-new-challenge-for-vulvovaginal-atrophy-in-postmenopausal-women
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
G P Siliquini, V Tuninetti, V E Bounous, F Bert, N Biglia
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of CO2 laser in the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: VVA was assessed in 87 postmenopausal women (mean age 58.6 ± 6.9 years) before and after the treatment. The protocol consisted of three monthly treatments and included the treatment of vulva. Subjective measures included VAS (Visual Analog Scale) both for vaginal dryness and dyspareunia; DIVA (Day-by-day Impact of Vaginal Aging); a questionnaire on treatment satisfaction and one about the degree of pain during the procedure...
August 2017: Climacteric: the Journal of the International Menopause Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27896230/evaluation-of-symptoms-and-prevention-of-cancer-in-menopause-the-value-of-vulvar-exam
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A R Palumbo, C Fasolino, G Santoro, V Gargano, M Rinaldi, B Arduino, M Belli, M Guida
Vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA), is a chronic medical condition experienced by postmenopausal women, with prevalence estimated ranging from 10% to 50% [1]. VVA is characterized by a constellation of symptoms, that may affect daily activities, sexuality, relationships, and quality of life [3]. Early recognition and effective treatment of VVA may enhance sexual health and the quality of life of women and their partners. Some vulvar conditions such as lichen sclerosus are more prevalent in the postmenopausal years...
November 2016: Translational Medicine @ UniSa
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27830882/histological-changes-in-the-vulva-and-vagina-from-ovariectomised-rats-undergoing-oestrogen-treatment
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R F Mocan-Hognogi, N Costin, A Malutan, R Ciortea, I A Trif, A L Nagy, M L Bogdan, D Mihu
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the histological changes occurring in the vagina and vulva in ovariectomised female rats, as well as the response to the administration of injectable oestrogens. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used 30 female Wistar white rats, distributed as follows: group 1 - the control group, group 2 - the operated but untreated rats, and groups 3, 4 and 5 - operated rats, to which oestrogenic treatment was administered (Estradiol, Estradurin, Sintofolin) at a dosage of 0...
2016: Folia Morphologica (Warsz)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26366797/treatment-of-the-genitourinary-syndrome-of-menopause
#19
REVIEW
S Palacios, A Mejía, J L Neyro
The vagina, vulva, vestibule, labia majora/minora, and bladder trigone have a high concentration of estrogen receptors; therefore, they are a sensitive biological indicator of serum levels of these hormones in women. The estrogen loss in postmenopausal women produces a dysfunction called genitourinary syndrome of menopause. The principal therapeutic goal in the genitourinary syndrome of menopause is to relieve symptoms. Treatment options, as well as local and systemic hormonal treatment are changes in lifestyle and non-hormonal treatments mainly based on the use of moisturizers and lubricants...
2015: Climacteric: the Journal of the International Menopause Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26366796/the-urogenital-system-and-the-menopause
#20
REVIEW
J Calleja-Agius, M P Brincat
The major cause of urogenital atrophy in menopausal women is estrogen loss. The symptoms are usually progressive in nature and deteriorate with time from the menopausal transition. The most prevalent urogenital symptoms are vaginal dryness, vaginal irritation and itching. The genitourinary syndrome of menopause includes vulvovaginal atrophy and the postmenopausal modifications of the lower urinary tract. Dyspareunia and vaginal bleeding from fragile atrophic skin are common problems. Other urogenital complaints include frequency, nocturia, urgency, stress urinary incontinence and urinary tract infections...
2015: Climacteric: the Journal of the International Menopause Society
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