B1 Urology

BACKGROUND: Despite the importance of the pyelocalyceal system in the pig as an experimental model, there is little information about this particular anatomical subject. We determined the morphological characteristics of the renal excretory system in pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated 130 pairs of kidneys of pigs destined to slaughter. The pyelocalyceal system was subjected to injection technique - corrosion by infusion of polyester resin (85% Palatal and 15% Styrene) and subsequent infusion in potassium hydroxide (KOH) for 10 days...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mapping disease-specific measures onto generic preference-based indexes allows estimating utility values in specific conditions to determine gain of quality-adjusted-life-years when the status of condition varies. The aim of this study was to map a disease specific scale, the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire 5-dimensional health classification system (OAB-5D) derived from the Overactive Bladder questionnaire-Short Form (OABq-SF), onto a preference-based scale, the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), in a sample of patients with overactive bladder (OAB) in a Spanish population...

A collection of 201 Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine of patients in a Tunisian hospital between January 2006 and July 2008 was studied. Microbial identification was done by conventional methods, and antibiotic susceptibility with disk diffusion method was performed according to the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute guidelines. Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) was performed by double-disk synergy test (DDST) and identification was done by PCR and sequencing. ESBL-producing isolates were subjected to molecular typing by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and ST131 detection by PCR...

2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME), an endogenous derivative of 17β-estradiol, has been reported to elicit antiproliferative responses in various tumors. In this study, we investigated the effects of 2-ME on cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in human urothelial carcinoma (UC) cell lines. We used two high-grade human bladder UC cell lines (NTUB1 and T24). After treatment with 2-ME, the cell viability and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry (fluorescence-activated cell sorting), with annexin V-FITC staining and propidium iodide (PI) labeling...

Prosultiamine, a vitamin B1 derivative, has long been used for beriberi neuropathy and Wernicke's encephalopathy. Based on the finding that prosultiamine induces apoptosis in human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected T cells, Nakamura et al. conducted a clinical trial of prosultiamine in patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). In this open-label, single arm study enrolling 24 HAM/TSP patients recently published in BMC Medicine, oral prosultiamine (300 mg/day for 12 weeks) was found to be effective by neurological, urological and virological evaluations...

We report a case of a bilateral testicular dislocation with B1-1 pelvic-ring fracture according to the modified Tile AO classification, in a patient of 62 years. The mechanism of injury was impaction on the tank of a motorcycle. Symphyseal plate fixation using a Pfannenstiel approach was associated to bilateral orchidopexy through scrotal approach. The posterior pelvic ring was stabilized by iliosacral screwing because the left sacroiliac joint was open. The outcome was favorable without disorders of gonadal function...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes of adolescent varicocele in the case of surgical versus conservative management. METHODS: 173 adolescent patients presenting with varicocele were evaluated clinically and sonographically to define varicocele grade and testicular volume. The patients were divided into 2 groups: A (53) with testicular size discrepancy >20% and bilateral varicoceles; B (120) unilaterally affected patients with testicular size discrepancy <20%, who were randomly allocated into 2 equal sub-groups (B1 & B2) of 60 patients...

PURPOSE: We studied the late angiogenic activity of free grafts and a pedicle flap in a rabbit urethroplasty model to determine whether angiogenic activity plays a role in late outcomes of urethral reconstruction in rabbits. METHODS: Twenty-eight rabbits were randomly divided into five groups according to the method used to bridge a urethral defect as an onlay patch: Control, simple closure of urethral defect (Group O1); free penile skin graft (FPSG, Group A1); buccal mucosal graft (BuMG, Group B1); bladder mucosal graft (BlMG, Group C1); and pedicle penile skin flap (PPSF, Group D1)...

Proteus mirabilis isolates (n = 177), collected between 1996 and 2000 in four hospitals in the West Pomeranian area of Poland, were characterized by antibiotype and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The selected isolates were collected from different wards (intensive care unit, surgery, internal medicine, and urology). The strains were cultured from various specimen types, mostly from urine, wound samples, bronchial exudates and sputa. The identification was done by biochemical test ID 32E ATB (bioMerieux)...

In patients with Escherichia coli bacteremia, data on the relationship of phylogenetic background, biofilm production, and degree of bacteremia with clinical variables and prognosis are scarce. During a 1-year period, all adults with bacteremia due to Escherichia coli diagnosed at a university center were enrolled. Determination of phylogenetic background, biofilm production, and genotyping was performed with all strains, and the time to positivity of blood culture vials was recorded. A total of 185 episodes of diverse-source E...

A retrospective study was made of 100 Tile type B and 122 type C pelvic ring lesions. Type B1-open book lesions occurred in 52 patients while 48 had lateral compression lesions of type B2 or B3. Only 13.1% of the patients showed no associated lesions. The frequency of associated neurological lesions in the B1 group with 21% was higher than in the B2/B3 group with 12%. The frequency of urologic lesions in group B1 was 9.6% but in B2/B3 patients it was only 2.1%. A total of 66% of B-lesion patients were stabilized with an external fixator...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of an uncommon variant of the anterior-posterior compression pelvic injury, in which the posterior ring injury is a midline sagittal sacral fracture extending into the spinal canal. DESIGN: Prospective, consecutive series. SETTING Two regional trauma centers. PATIENTS: A consecutive series of 10 patients with rotationally displaced, vertically stable anterior-posterior compression pelvic ring fractures (OTA type 61-B1) in which the posterior ring injury is a midline sagittally oriented sacral fracture involving the spinal canal (Denis zone III)...

BACKGROUND: Retrograde ejaculation causes < 2% of male infertility but is the leading cause of aspermia. The incidence of retrograde ejaculation is increasing due to the aggressiveness of modern urologic cancer surgery and an increase in diabetes mellitus. Generally, the only adverse effect is on fertility. Various approaches have been proposed for treatment, ranging from insemination with sperm-rich urine obtained after masturbation to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). We used a protocol involving bladder washing...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine whether there is an increased incidence of urothelial cancer, especially transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), in uremic patients on dialysis. METHODS: Retrospective chart analyses were completed for 1,910 uremic patients undergoing maintenance dialysis between January 1987 and December 1997. The incidence of urinary tract cancer was assessed. Only the patients with cancers diagnosed after start of dialysis were enrolled in the study...

Isoflavones are excreted in human urine and can be modulated by soy-rich diets. Recently, isoflavones were suggested to have protective effects against bladder cancer cells. We sought to determine the efficacy of the antitumorigenic effects of isoflavones at concentrations found in the range of human urine excretion and compare normal urothelium and bladder cancer cells for differential cytotoxicity. A total of seven human bladder cancer cell lines and an immortalized uroepithelial cell line were used to examine the effects of genistein, daidzein, and biochanin-A, either individually or as an equal-proportion mixture regimen, on cell growth, DNA synthesis, alterations of cell cycle distribution, and induction of apoptosis...

The authors review several of the most important aspects of latex allergy, an increasing problem in Public Health, which should be understood by all health professionals. After briefly presenting the history of the origin latex, from Hevea brasiliensis the authors describe the antigens of latex: Hev b1 to Hev b8, major allergens. They also note the crossed reactivity not only with foods, exotic fruits, but also with pneumoallergens and in particular the pollens. The groups at risk are essentially workers in the latex industry, health professionals and finally infants with spina bifida or other severe urological anomaly...

The number of cases of prostate carcinoma (PCA) is steadily inceasing in Japan. The clinical application of a reliable tumor marker, prostate specific antigen (PSA) for the diagnosis, as well as the increasing elderly population in Japan may account for this increase. The subjects were patients at the Nara Medical University and its affiliated hospitals; 1) 687 cases without PCA were evaluated for age-specific PSA and the incidence of abnormal PSA following urological manipulations, 2) 135 cases with histological proven BPH by transurethral resection of prostate (TUR-P) were examined for PSA density (PSAD) and positive PSA rate in BPH, 3) 135 cases receiving a needle biopsy with suspicion of PCA were examined for the efficacy of PSA and PSAD and other parameters, and 4) 459 PCA cases treated between 1988 and 1994, were examined for specific PSA and PSAD values by stage and degree of cell differentiation...

In our opinion, the attempt to save the sexuality and the erectile ability in a patient with a prostate cancer, in the respect of an absolute oncological radicality, should be recommended since potency represents for the patient a primary aspect in the quality of residual life. At the Institute of Urology of the University of Milan a study to identify pathogenetic mechanisms leading to erectile failure in the various phases of a prostate cancer was performed. From January 1988 to December 1993, 36 patients (range 50-60 years old) suffering from prostate cancer B1 stage (14 pts), B2 (20 pts) and C (2 pts) underwent to radical prostatectomy...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the long-term results of external beam radiation therapy in patients under the age of sixty treated with early-stage prostate cancer. A comparison is also made between patients with early-stage, node-negative disease and those with locally advanced node-negative prostate cancer. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 54 patients who were treated with external beam radiation, when under the age of sixty with Stanford stage T1a and T1b (equivalent to urologic stage B1), are compared to 75 patients with similar staged disease who were sixty to seventy years old at time of treatment...

Veno-occlusive dysfunction (formerly called "venous leakage") is a clinical-radiographic manifestation of a multi-aetiology syndrome, the pathogenesis of which is to be sought in intrinsic damage to the erectile tissue. It has been attributed to psycho-neurogenic, neurovascular and local--physical factors. The unsatisfactory results of the various surgical techniques proposed (venous ligatures, crural plication, corporopexy) can be explained by the formation of vicarious venous circles, a phenomenon which occurs regardless of the type of procedure adopted and which is the direct consequence of the alteration of the occlusive mechanisms intrinsic to the erectile tissue...