keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38470097/myd88-mediated-signaling-is-critical-for-the-generation-of-seizure-responses-and-cognitive-impairment-in-a-model-of-anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor-encephalitis
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olga Taraschenko, Howard S Fox, Ember Eldridge, Priscilla Heliso, Fetweh Al-Saleem, Scott Dessain, George Casale, Gregory Willcockson, Kayley Anderson, Wenyi Wang, Raymond Dingledine
OBJECTIVE: We previously demonstrated that interleukin-1 receptor-mediated immune activation contributes to seizure severity and memory loss in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. In the present study, we assessed the role of the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), an adaptor protein in Toll-like receptor signaling, in the key phenotypic characteristics of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. METHODS: Monoclonal anti-NMDAR antibodies or control antibodies were infused into the lateral ventricle of MyD88 knockout mice (MyD88-/- ) and control C56BL/6J mice (wild type [WT]) via osmotic minipumps for 2 weeks...
March 12, 2024: Epilepsia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38462203/autoimmune-central-nervous-system-disorders-antibody-testing-and-its-clinical-utility
#2
REVIEW
Michael Gilligan, Christopher McGuigan, Andrew McKeon
A rapidly expanding repertoire of neural antibody biomarkers exists for autoimmune central nervous system disorders. Following clinical recognition of an autoimmune CNS disorder, the detection of a neural antibody facilitates diagnosis and informs prognosis and management. This review considers the phenotypes, diagnostic assay methodologies, and clinical utility of neural antibodies in autoimmune CNS disorders. Autoimmune CNS disorders may present with a diverse range of clinical features. Clinical phenotype should inform the neural antibodies selected for testing via the use of phenotype-specific panels...
March 8, 2024: Clinical Biochemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38459862/-paraneoplastic-anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor-encephalitis-associated-with-anterior-mediastinal-mature-teratoma
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tatsuya Katayama, Jun Amioka, Yoshinori Handa
We report a 27 years-old previously healthy male admitted to a psychiatric hospital because of abnormal behavior. He was suspected meningoencephalitis with fever, abnormal sweating, muscle tone, confusion, and introduced to the neurology department of our hospital. After admission, increasing convulsions and apnea attack required mechanical ventilation therapy. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate( NMDA) - receptor encephalitis was diagnosed based on positive (20-fold) anti-NMDA antibody in cerebrospinal fluid examination...
February 2024: Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of Thoracic Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38459000/possible-temporal-relationship-between-sars-cov-2-infection-and-anti-nmda-receptor-encephalitis-a-meta-analysis
#4
REVIEW
Veronika Vasilevska, Paul C Guest, Michael Szardenings, Michael E Benros, Johann Steiner
The global impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection has raised concerns about secondary diseases beyond acute illness. This review explores the significance and potential underlying mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 infection might elicit an immune response targeting N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and its implications for autoimmune-driven neuropsychiatric manifestations. We identified 19 published case reports of NMDA receptor encephalitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination by a systematic literature search...
March 8, 2024: Translational Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38434060/mapping-the-global-research-landscape-and-trends-of-autoimmune-encephalitis-a-bibliometric-analysis
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Song Ouyang, Zhenchu Tang, Weiwei Duan, Sizhi Tang, Qiuming Zeng, Wenping Gu, Miao Li, Hong Tan, Jiangying Hu, Weifan Yin
BACKGROUND: Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a neuroautoimmune disease featured by the presence of antibodies targeting neuronal surface, synaptic, or intracellular antigens. An increasing number of articles on its clinical manifestations, treatments, and prognosis have appeared in recent years. The objectives of this study were to summarize this growing body of literature and provide an overview of hotspots and trends in AE research using bibliometric analysis. METHODS: We retrieved AE-related articles published between 1999 and 2022 from the Web of Science Core Collection...
February 29, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38419079/human-serum-derived-%C3%AE-synuclein-auto-antibodies-mediate-nmda-receptor-dependent-degeneration-of-cns-neurons
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pretty Garg, Franziska Würtz, Fabian Hobbie, Klemens Buttgereit, Abhishek Aich, Kristian Leite, Peter Rehling, Sebastian Kügler, Mathias Bähr
BACKGROUND: Presence of autoantibodies against α-synuclein (α-syn AAb) in serum of the general population has been widely reported. That such peripheral factors may be involved in central nervous system pathophysiology was demonstrated by detection of immunoglobulins (IgGs) in cerebrospinal fluid and brain of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Thus, blood-borne IgGs may reach the brain parenchyma through an impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB). FINDINGS: The present study aims to evaluate the patho-physiological impact of α-syn AAbs on primary brain cells, i...
February 28, 2024: Journal of Neuroinflammation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38414722/anti-nmda-receptor-encephalitis-and-concurrent-neuroborreliosis-misdiagnosed-for-post-covid-19-syndrome-a-case-report
#7
Tobias Brummer, Johannes Lotz, Christian Dresel, Frank Birklein
We present a case of a 42-year-old woman with paraneoplastic anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartat (NMDA)-receptor encephalitis and concurrent neuroborreliosis that was initially misdiagnosed as post-COVID-19 syndrome. Clinically, the patient presented with a range of chronic and subacute neuropsychiatric symptoms and recalled a tick bite weeks prior to admission. The patient had undergone psychiatric and complementary medical treatments for 1 year before admission and was initially diagnosed with post-COVID-19 syndrome...
2024: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38355204/ovarian-teratoma-associated-anti-nmda-receptor-encephalitis-with-severe-features
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antanina Voit, Ashley Graziano, Andrew Schomer, Danny Theodore
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartame receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an uncommon clinical entity for the general intensivist or neurologist. Diagnosis can be made by the presence of cerebrospinal fluid IgG antibody against the GluNR1 and GluNR2 subunits of the NMDAR. We present a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in a young woman with an ovarian teratoma treated with surgical resection and multiple immunomodulatory therapies.
February 14, 2024: BMJ Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38344501/landau-kleffner-syndrome-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-and-viral-autoimmune-encephalitis-challenges-in-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-a-six-year-old-boy
#9
Lujain Althagafi, Rahaf Al Fuhayd, Fatimah K Almeathem, Razan A Almeshal, Lma J Al-Amri, Wessal A Mustafa
In this case, we discuss the difficulties and challenges faced when diagnosing and treating a six-year-old boy presenting with abnormal behaviors and difficulty in concentration and inattentiveness, followed by regression of expressive language. These symptoms were then followed by hyperactivity, bouts of anger, and difficulty sleeping. The patient was seen by a psychiatrist, and he was diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) initially and treated with little to no improvement...
January 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38339193/extra-virgin-olive-oil-in-alzheimer-s-disease-a-comprehensive-review-of-cellular-animal-and-clinical-studies
#10
REVIEW
Amer E Alkhalifa, Nour F Al-Ghraiybah, Amal Kaddoumi
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by several pathological hallmarks, including the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Current treatment options include monoclonal antibody drugs, acetylcholinesterase, and n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. Although those treatments provide some improvements in patients' quality of life, they fail to prevent or cure AD...
February 5, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38326557/cell-type-specific-expression-regulation-and-compensation-of-cdkl5-activity-in-mouse-brain
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Margaux Silvestre, Kelvin Dempster, Simeon R Mihaylov, Suzanne Claxton, Sila K Ultanir
CDKL5 is a brain-enriched serine/threonine kinase, associated with a profound developmental and epileptic encephalopathy called CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD). To design targeted therapies for CDD, it is essential to determine where CDKL5 is expressed and is active in the brain and test if compensatory mechanisms exist at cellular level. We generated conditional Cdkl5 knockout mice in excitatory neurons, inhibitory neurons and astrocytes. To assess CDKL5 activity, we utilized a phosphospecific antibody for phosphorylated EB2, a well-known substrate of CDKL5...
February 8, 2024: Molecular Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38312349/anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor-associated-encephalitis-a-review-of-clinicopathologic-hallmarks-and-multimodal-imaging-manifestations
#12
REVIEW
Bryce David Beutler, Alastair E Moody, Jerry Mathew Thomas, Benjamin Phillip Sugar, Mark B Ulanja, Daniel Antwi-Amoabeng, Lucas Anthony Tsikitas
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis (NMDARE) is a rare immune-mediated neuroinflammatory condition characterized by the rapid onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms and autonomic dysfunction. The mechanism of pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, but is thought to be related to antibodies targeting the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor with resultant downstream dysregulation of dopaminergic pathways. Young adults are most frequently affected; the median age at diagnosis is 21 years...
January 28, 2024: World Journal of Radiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38288050/paraneoplastic-nmda-encephalitis-a-case-report-and-an-extensive-review-of-available-literature
#13
Hamza Alzghoul, Ferdous Kadri, Mohamed F Ismail, Robeer Youssef, Mustafa Shamaileh, Ahmad R Al-Assi, Liliya Adzhieva, Bashar Alzghoul
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis is a prevalent autoimmune condition marked by diverse neuropsychiatric symptoms, primarily impacting young females. The exact mechanisms underlying the development of NMDAr encephalitis have not been fully elucidated. Nonetheless, studies have demonstrated that auto-antibodies targeting the NR1-NR2 subunits of the NMDAr can trigger receptor dysfunction within the central nervous system, thus giving rise to the associated symptoms. Notably, an association exists between NMDAr encephalitis and an underlying neoplastic condition, with approximately 38% of cases exhibiting this paraneoplastic relationship with ovarian teratomas being the most commonly associated malignancy...
April 2024: Radiology Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38286338/alzheimer-s-disease-current-therapies-novel-drug-delivery-systems-and-future-directions-for-better-disease-management
#14
REVIEW
Baljinder Singh, Candace M Day, Sadikalmahdi Abdella, Sanjay Garg
Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a neurodegenerative disorder that escalates with time, exerting a significant impact on physical and mental health and leading to death. The prevalence of AD is progressively rising along with its associated economic burden and necessitates effective therapeutic approaches in the near future. This review paper aims to offer an insightful overview of disease pathogenesis, current FDA-approved drugs, and drugs in different clinical phases. It also explores innovative formulations and drug delivery strategies, focusing on nanocarriers and long-acting medications (LAMs) to enhance treatment efficacy and patient adherence...
January 27, 2024: Journal of Controlled Release
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38270120/polypharmacological-potential-of-phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors-for-the-treatment-of-neurocognitive-disorders
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ashish Kumar, Fred Kim, Dong-Keun Song, Jai Jun Choung
The prevalence of neurocognitive disorders (NCD) increases every year as the population continues to age, leading to significant global health concerns. Overcoming this challenge requires identifying biomarkers, risk factors, and effective therapeutic interventions that might provide meaningful clinical benefits. For Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most studied NCD, approved drugs include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (rivastigmine, donepezil, and galantamine), an NMDA receptor antagonist (memantine), and anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies (aducanumab and lecanemab)...
December 14, 2023: Aging and Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38247923/alzheimer-s-disease-models-and-molecular-mechanisms-informing-disease-and-treatments
#16
REVIEW
Kaden L Nystuen, Shannon M McNamee, Monica Akula, Kristina M Holton, Margaret M DeAngelis, Neena B Haider
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease resulting in progressive loss of memory, language and motor abilities caused by cortical and hippocampal degeneration. This review captures the landscape of understanding of AD pathology, diagnostics, and current therapies. Two major mechanisms direct AD pathology: (1) accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaque and (2) tau-derived neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). The most common variants in the Aβ pathway in APP , PSEN1, and PSEN2 are largely responsible for early-onset AD (EOAD), while MAPT , APOE , TREM2 and ABCA7 have a modifying effect on late-onset AD (LOAD)...
January 1, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38219011/adjunctive-intravenous-immunoglobulin-and%C3%A2-glucocorticoid-therapy-in-severe-herpes-simplex-encephalitis-with-excellent-outcome-begs-for-larger-trials-evaluating-immunomodulatory-therapy
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
George Sakoulas, Jon Roth, Hugo Van der Kuy
BACKGROUND Despite the preponderance of evidence of immune-driven pathophysiology of disease in herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis, current treatment paradigms do not officially recommend adjunctive immunomodulatory therapy in addition to acyclovir. This may in part explain the poor long-term outcomes in patients with severe HSV encephalitis. This report is of a 21-year-old man presenting with a 4-day history of nausea, headache, and fever and a diagnosis of HSV-1 encephalitis. CASE REPORT We describe the case of a young male with clinically and radiographically severe HSV-1 encephalitis diagnosed by PCR of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), who demonstrated immediate improvement upon treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG, 0...
January 14, 2024: American Journal of Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38155066/electroconvulsive-therapy-for-catatonia-in-anti-nmda-receptor-encephalitis-a-case-series
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lara Wadi, Vishal Mandge
BACKGROUND: Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is the most common cause of immune-mediated catatonia. CASE SERIES: Three females presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms and were empirically treated with first-line immunotherapy and ovarian teratoma resection for suspected autoimmune encephalitis, preceding diagnostic confirmation via NMDAR antibody positivity. They required escalating large doses of benzodiazepines for refractory malignant catatonia resulting in ICU level care...
December 22, 2023: Journal of Neuroimmunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38138213/the-management-and-diagnosis-of-anti-nmda-receptor-autoimmune-encephalitis-in-pregnant-women-a-case-report-and-literature-review
#19
REVIEW
Alina Potorac, Valentin Nicolae Varlas, Roxana Georgiana Borș, Alexandru Baroș, Monica Cirstoiu
Rationale : Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a form of autoimmune synaptic encephalitis, often mediated by neuronal surface antibodies. Clinically, it manifests through a diverse range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms, primarily affecting young women with ovarian teratoma, which is rare in pregnant women. Patient concerns : We report a case of a 35-year-old multiparous pregnant patient at 38 weeks of gestation presented to the emergency room with seizure, psychiatric symptoms like delirious speech with mystical visual and auditory hallucinations, bradylalia, and retrograde amnesia...
December 1, 2023: Medicina
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38085898/paraneoplastic-neurologic-syndromes
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jerome J Graber
OBJECTIVE: Progress is ongoing in understanding paraneoplastic neurologic disorders, with new syndromes and antibodies being described and more detailed evidence available to guide workup for diagnosis and treatment to improve outcomes. Many excellent reviews have summarized the molecular features of different antibodies, but this article emphasizes the clinical features of each syndrome that may help guide initial diagnosis and treatment, which often should occur before an antibody or cancer is found to confirm the diagnosis...
December 1, 2023: Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology
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