Biphosphonate

BACKGROUND: Drug-induced hyperglycemia and diabetes have negative and potentially serious health consequences but can often be unnoticed. METHODS: We reviewed the literature searching Medline database for articles addressing drug-induced hyperglycemia and diabetes up to January 31, 2023. We also selected drugs that could induce hyperglycemia or diabetes according official data from drug information databases Thériaque and Micromedex. For each selected drug or pharmacotherapeutic class, the mechanisms of action potentially involved were investigated...

PURPOSE: Bisphosphonates have proven effective in reducing pain and skeletal events in bone metastases treatment. However, there is a long-term complication called osteonecrosis of the jaw, which has been reported for more than a decade. Despite various professional recommendations, there is no international consensus on the best therapeutic strategy. Prevention is crucial, and a multidisciplinary approach must be tailored to each stage of the condition. DESIGN: We present a case of osteonecrosis of the jaw in a patient with metastatic breast cancer who was receiving 4 mg injectable zoledronic acid...

INTRODUCTION: Bone scintigraphy has emerged as a key tool for non-invasive etiologic diagnosis of transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis (CA). We focused on a new semi-quantification method (on planar imaging) that could complement the qualitative/visual Perugini scoring system, especially when SPET/CT is not available. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively/qualitatively evaluated 8674 consecutive, planar 99mTc-biphosphonate scintigraphies (performed for non-cardiac reasons), identifying 68 (0...

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of discontinuing bisphosphonate treatment on fracture risk in postmenopausal women at high versus low risk of fracture. DESIGN: Retrospective, longitudinal and population-based cohort study. SETTING: Barcelona City Primary Care. Catalan Health Institute. PARTICIPANTS: All women attended by primary care teams who in January 2014 had received bisphosphonate treatment for at least five years were included and followed for another five years...

Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs that induce bone cancer cell death and favor bone regeneration, making them suitable for bone cancer treatment. However, when combined with bioactive glasses to enhance bone regeneration, a chemical bond between biphosphonates and the glass surface inactivates their mechanism of action. A new colloidal hydrogel-based drug delivery system could overcome that limitation once bisphosphonates, such as zoledronic acid (ZA), are incorporated into hydrogel micelles, avoiding their interaction with the glass surface...

Osteoporosis and periodontitis are two major chronic diseases of postmenopausal women. The association between these two diseases are evident through systemic bone loss and alveolar bone loss. Both postmenopausal osteoporosis and periodontitis impose a considerable personal and socioeconomic burden. Biphosphonate and hormone replacement therapy are effective in preventing bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis and periodontitis, but they are coupled with severe adverse effects. Phytoestrogens are plant-based estrogen-like compounds, which have been used for the treatment of menopause-related symptoms...

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) is a panniculitis that develops in fatty areas after fetal or perinatal distress. Prognosis is generally good with complete regression, but it can be complicated by metabolic abnormalities like hypoglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, thrombocytopenia, and also potentially life-threatening hypercalcemia. Treatments have included hydration, furosemide and corticosteroids. These treatments can be prolonged for several days and can have complications such as nephrocalcinosis...

Purpose of Review: Osteoporosis is a common condition affecting the musculoskeletal system. It carries with it increased risks of fracture in many areas of the body, leading to reduced quality of life, limited mobility, and other long-term implications such as chronic pain. Vertebral compression fractures are a common development in patients with osteoporosis. Current treatment options focus on reducing pain; preventative methods are somewhat limited and focus on minimizing risk factors for the development of osteoporosis...

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a disease where there is necrotic bone exposed or that can be explored by means of a fistula in the maxillofacial region. It has been associated with the use Biphosphonates and denosumab for osteoporosis. Although its etiology is unclear, it may be related to a decrease in bone turnover produced by these drugs, rendering the bone more prone to generate cell necrosis during invasive dental procedures, especially in the posterior region of the jaw. There is no consensus about the prevention and treatment of this condition...

BACKGROUND: In cancer patients, cancer pain is the most common cancer complication. About 60-90% of patients with advanced stage cancer experience various levels of pain, and about 30% of patients have been suffering from persistent severe pain. Bones are the most frequent targets of metastases in patients with cancer such as breast, prostate, lung, kidney, and thyroid. In advanced prostate cancer, bone metastasis leads to bone pain, skeletal fracture, and increased mortality. At least 75% of patients with bone metastasis experience bone pain...

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a disease that affects the jaw. It is mainly related to radiation or bisphosphonates therapy, and the symptoms and signs consist of pain, bone exposure, inflammation of the surrounding soft tissue swelling, and secondary infection or drainage. In the case of advanced disease of the mandibular area, the treatment of choice is mandibular resection and reconstruction. In the present study, we report a case series of patients affected by ONJ and treated with a customised bridging mandibular prosthesis-only technique...

Bone fractures related to musculoskeletal disorders determine long-term disability in older people with a consequent significant economic burden. The recovery of pathologically impaired tissue architecture allows avoiding bone loss-derived consequences such as bone height reduction, deterioration of bone structure, inflamed bone pain, and high mortality for thighbone fractures. Actually, standard therapy for osteoporosis treatment is based on the systemic administration of biphosphonates and anti-inflammatory drugs, which entail several side effects including gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, fever, and articular pain...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There is growing evidence that bone health is impacted during and after critical illness in multiple ways. In this review, we provide a practical update on postcritical care bone loss with an insight on identification of persons at risk, prevention and treatment strategies. RECENT FINDINGS: Critical illness is associated with an increase in bone turnover and with an uncoupling between bone resorption and bone formation. This results in loss of bone mass, as highlighted by changes in bone marker serum levels and in bone mineral density...

OBJECTIVE: Recommendations for the management of major fractures in institutionalized patients over 75 years old were updated by the GRIO (French group for research and information on osteoporosis) in 2012 and in 2018. This study is an evaluation of practices in osteoporosis management in institutionalized old patients. METHODS: Evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic management in medical observations of all residents over 75 years old with a history of major fracture in 4 nursing homes...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a leading cause of osteoporosis, remains a contraindication for bone implant therapy. Although associated with side effects when systemically administered, biphosphonates (BPs) play a positive role in diabetic osteoporosis treatment. We hypothesized that local BP therapy would prevent decayed implant osseointegration under T2DM conditions. To assess cell proliferation and determine the optimal BP concentration, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) were treated with BPs at various relatively low concentrations (10-9 mmol/L) for different periods of time...

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis and treatment remain suboptimal. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a qualitative study to understand barriers towards care initiation and levers to improve awareness and management of osteoporosis among general practitioners (GPs). METHODS: Semi-structured face-to face interviews were conducted with 16 GPs in the Rhône area of France to explore their knowledge and representations regarding osteoporosis...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this case-control study was to compare the pharmacological anamnesis collected from a group of 150 BMS patients with that of a control group of 150 patients matched for age and sex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patients' medical histories were reviewed, and data on drug therapy were collected. Drugs were classified on the basis of pharmacological effects; the classes were antihypertensives (i.e., ACE inhibitors/ARBs, calcium antagonists, diuretics, beta-blockers, etc...

BACKGROUND: The goal of this paper was to identify available biomarkers to predict the onset of biphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Case-control studies comparing the different concentrations of a series of molecules detected in serum and urine as matrices of BRONJ affected patients vs. non-affected were included. PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were used for the present paper. Two reviewers independently screened electronic databases (Medline, Web of science, and The Cochrane Library) and performed hand searches...

RATIONALE: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative multisystem disorder, presenting with limb or bulbar onset. To date, there is no cure for ALS. At some stage of the disease, patients may complain of breathlessness due to respiratory failure, thus needing a noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) support. However, breathlessness is a symptom that may be induced by different causes that must be taken into consideration in ALS management. PATIENTS CONCERNS: We report the case of an 81-year-old man, with a spinal onset ALS, who was admitted to our clinic to start NIMV because of respiratory involvement...

Diseases leading to immune activation and autoinflammatory phenotypes may provide a reservoir of potentially druggable pathways for optimizing immune adjuvants or boosting antitumor immune responses. Now, Xia et al. report that lipophilic statins or biphosphonates, targeting the mevalonate pathway, act as efficient vaccine adjuvants and synergize with anti-PD1 against cancer.