taurine and stroke

Sudden loss of blood flow to an area of the brain causes ischemic stroke, which leads to the loss of nerve function in the brain. The brain tissue leads to the death of brain cells in less than a few minutes due to the lack of oxygen and nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological correction of the consequences of ischemic stroke with a new derivative of taurine magnesium-bis-(2-aminoethanesulfonic)-butanedioate under laboratory code LKHT 3-17 in rats. The ischemic stroke was simulated by electrocoagulation of the right middle cerebral artery...

Stroke or ischemia is caused by a blockage in a specific blood vessel that partially or completely reduces the blood flow to the brain. Nutritional factors such as antioxidants and healthy eating patterns are important variables in preventing stroke. Molecular composition properties such as molecular binding and screening can be used to evaluate the specific activity and morphological changes. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological correction of the consequences of a hemorrhagic stroke in rats with a new derivative of taurine magnesium-bis-(2-aminoethanesulfonic)-butadioate...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an abnormal heart rhythm related to an increased risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke. The distinction between valvular and non-valvular AF remains a debate. In this study, proteomics and metabolomics were integrated to describe the dysregulated metabolites and proteins of AF patients relative to sinus rhythm (SR) patients. Totally 47 up-regulated and 41 down-regulated proteins in valvular AF, and 59 up-regulated and 149 down-regulated proteins in non-valvular AF were recognized in comparison to SR patients...

Cysteine is one of the major intermediate products of cellular amino-acid metabolism. It is a semi-essential amino acid for protein synthesis. Besides, it is also employed in the regulation of major endogenous anti-oxidant molecule i.e., reduced glutathione (GSH). Further, it is a precursor of multiple sulfur-containing molecules like hydrogen sulfide, lanthionine, taurine, coenzyme A and biotin. It is also one of the key molecules for post-translational modifications of various cellular proteins. In physiological conditions, it is employed in the sulfhydration process and plays a key role in the physiology modification of the inflammatory process in various organs, including the neurological system...

Aim: Chinese medicine Danhong injection (DHI) is an effective pharmaceutical preparation for treating cerebral infarction. Our previous study shows that DHI can remarkably reduce the ischemic stroke-induced infarct volume in a dose-dependent manner, but the pharmacological mechanism of the DHI dose-dependent relationship is not clear. Therefore, the dose-dependent efficacy of DHI on cerebral ischemia and the underlying mechanisms were further investigated in this study. Methods: A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established and the rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham, vehicle, DHI dose-1, DHI dose-2, DHI dose-3, and DHI dose-4...

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a disease that should be considered as a differential diagnosis to acute ischemic stroke taking into account its onset pattern and neurological symptoms, which are similar to those of an ischemic stroke. Technological advancements in neuroimaging modalities have greatly facilitated differential diagnosis between stroke and MELAS on diagnostic imaging. Stroke-like episodes in MELAS have the following features: (1) symptoms are neurolocalized according to lesion site; (2) epileptic seizures are often present; (3) lesion distribution is inconsistent with vascular territory; (4) lesions are common in the posterior brain regions; (5) lesions continuously develop in adjacent sites over several weeks or months; (6) neurological symptoms and stroke-like lesions tend to be reversible, as presented on magnetic resonance imaging; (7) the rate of recurrence is high; and; (8) brain dysfunction and atrophy are slowly progressive...

The recently identified anion channel LRRC8 volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) are heteromeric hexamers constituted with the obligate LRRC8A subunit paired with at least one of the accessory LRRC8B to LRRC8E subunits. In addition to transport chloride, taurine, and glutamate, LRRC8 VRACs also transport the anticancer agent cisplatin and STING agonists 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) and cyclic dinucleotides; hence, they are implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, such as cell swelling, stroke, cancer, and viral infection...

Taurine is ubiquitously distributed in mammalian tissues and is highly concentrated in the heart, brain, and leukocytes. Taurine exerts neuroprotective effects in various central nervous system diseases and can suppress infarct formation in stroke. Taurine reacts with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to produce taurine chloramine (Tau-Cl). We investigated the neuroprotective effects of taurine using a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and BV2 microglial cells. Although intranasal administration of taurine (0...

Mitochondria participate in various metabolic pathways, and their dysregulation results in multiple disorders, including aging-related diseases. However, the metabolic changes and mechanisms of mitochondrial disorders are not fully understood. Here, we found that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) showed attenuated proliferation and survival when glycolysis was inhibited. These deficits were rescued by taurine administration...

BACKGROUND: We previously reported that heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) phosphorylation plays an important role in the activation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), resulting in the upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway and antioxidant effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study investigated the effect of geranylgeranylacetone, an inducer of HSP27, on ischemia-reperfusion injury in male rats as a preliminary study to see if further research of the effects of geranylgeranylacetone on the ischemic stroke was warranted...

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and adult disability. The incidence of ischemic stroke continues to rise in young adults. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of metabolic changes and explore possible mechanisms in young ischemic stroke patients without common risk factors. METHODS: This study investigated serum metabolomics in 50 young patients with newly suffered ischemic stroke and 50 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: B-vitamin supplements lower circulating concentrations of homocysteine and may reduce stroke incidence. Homocysteine concentrations are associated with the incidence of stroke but other sulfur-containing compounds in the related metabolic pathway have not yet been investigated for an association with incident cerebrovascular diseases. METHODS: Nested within the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition)-Norfolk cohort, we established a case-control study with 480 incident cases of cerebrovascular diseases and 480 controls matched by age, sex, and year of baseline examination (1993-1997)...

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episode (MELAS) is a group of genetic diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA. The causative mutations of MELAS have drawn much attention, among them, mutations in mitochondrial tRNA genes possessing prominent status. However, the detailed molecular pathogenesis of these tRNA gene mutations remains unclear and there are very few effective therapies available to date. METHODS: We performed muscle histochemistry, genetic analysis, molecular dynamic stimulation and measurement of oxygen consumption rate and respiratory chain complex activities to demonstrate the molecular pathomechanisms of m...

BACKGROUND: Stroke-like episodes (SLEs) in mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) with m.3243A > G mutation usually develop in the cerebral cortex. Few reports have documented SLEs in the cerebellum. The clinical neuroimaging features of cerebellar SLEs have not been fully investigated. We report distinctive features of cerebellar stroke-like lesions (SLLs) in a case of MELAS with m.3243A > G mutation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 47-year-old Japanese man with type-2 diabetes presented to our hospital with acute onset of aphasia...

OBJECTIVES: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide with limited therapeutic interventions. The current study explored proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H NMR)-based metabolomic approach to elucidate the effect of lercanidipine on neurometabolic alterations in transient model of ischaemic stroke in rats. METHODS: In the present investigation, male Wistar rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) for 2 h followed by reperfusion using intraluminal filament method...

Dysregulation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport exacerbates brain damage in acute ischemic stroke. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of this BBB transport dysregulation by studying the localization and function of pannexin (Px) and connexin (Cx) hemichannels in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells of rat (TR-BBB13 cells) and human (hCMEC/D3 cells) under acute ischemic stroke-mimicking oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) and extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]e )-free conditions. TR-BBB13 cells showed increased uptake of hemichannel-permeable sulforhodamine 101, and this increase was markedly inhibited by carbenoxolone, a hemichannel inhibitor...

There is currently no treatment for restoring lost neurological function after stroke. A growing number of studies have highlighted the potential of stem cells. However, the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effect have yet to be explored in sufficient detail. In this study, we transplanted human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural precursors (iPSC-NPs) in rat temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) we monitored the effect of cells and assessed lesion volume and metabolite changes in the brain...

BACKGROUND: Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness, and mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes are examples of mitochondrial diseases that are relatively common in the adult population. Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes are assumed to be associated with decreases in arginine and citrulline. Biomarkers, such as growth differentiation factor-15, were developed to assist in the diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases...

Microglia plays a critical role in neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke by releasing diverse inflammatory cytokines. Long non-coding RNA taurine up-regulated gene 1 (lncRNA TUG1) is widely expressed in adult brain and has been reported to participate in multiple biological processes associated with nervous system diseases. However, the role of TUG1 in microglial activation remains unidentified. BV-2 microglial cells were cultured in vitro and TUG1 siRNA was used to knock down its RNA level. Microglial cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 4 h following TUG1 siRNA or scramble siRNA transient transfection...

Heat stress is an environmental factor that causes severe economic loss to the current intensive breeding industry and induces huge impact on the long-term growth in livestock and poultry industry. Many animal experiments confirmed that heat stress is a major cause of heat stroke death, which is due to severe damage to endothelial cells. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment or mitigation of heat stress related diseases in broilers, the effect of taurine on injury and apoptosis of aortic endothelial cells in broilers under heat stress was investigated in the present study...