non invasive ventilation strategy paediatric asthma

Due to the high prevalence of asthma and general airway reactivity, anesthesiologists frequently encounter children with asthma or asthma-like symptoms. This review focuses on the epidemiology, the underlying pathophysiology, and perioperative management of children with airway reactivity, including controlled and uncontrolled asthma. It spans from preoperative optimization to optimized intraoperative management, airway management, and ventilation strategies. There are three leading causes for bronchospasm (1) mechanical (eg, airway manipulation), (2) non-immunological anaphylaxis (anaphylactoid reaction), and (3) immunological anaphylaxis...

Mechanical ventilation is a common form of support in the modern day intensive care unit (ICU). In order for the clinician better to understand and apply mechanical ventilation, it is important that they understand the physiological principles of ventilation. This review describes these basic concepts; parameters of mechanical ventilation, high frequency ventilation and non-invasive ventilation. An overview of ventilatory strategies for four common diseases seen in paediatric and neonatal ICUs will be discussed...