keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534141/the-association-of-intraocular-efavirenz-concentrations-and-hiv-1-viral-load-among-persons-with-hiv
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yiwen Qian, Pei Zhang, Luoziyi Wang, Jinshan Suo, Lin Yin, Yuceng Wang, Lijun Zhang, Zhiliang Wang
OBJECTIVE: Efavirenz (EFV) is commonly used in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). However, in our previous study, many persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exhibited ocular complications despite undergoing effective cART. Here, we aimed to determine the intraocular EFV concentrations in the vitreous and analyze the factors affecting viral load in the vitreous in patients with HIV-associated retinopathies. DESIGN: Observational, retrospective study...
March 25, 2024: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes: JAIDS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532657/treatment-of-plaque-psoriasis-in-hiv-positive-patients
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vita Jugovac, Marija Gulin, Dora Barić, Daniela Ledić Drvar, Romana Čeović
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can often accompany human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics. Development of psoriasis in HIV patients is correlated with a decrease in CD4+ count. Significant variability in the clinical presentation of psoriasis makes it a challenging disease to diagnose. Furthermore, associated immunodeficiency complicates standard treatment with immunosuppressive and biological therapy. Articles that match the terms psoriasis and HIV were searched in MEDLINE and Embase and selected based on their relevance...
March 2024: Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Panonica, et Adriatica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531785/mycobacterial-endocarditis-a-rare-form-of-infective-endocarditis
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John Dawi, Scarlet Affa, Abraham Chorbajian, Yura Misakyan, Aishvaryaa Shree Mohan, Brandon Norris, Jacob Ochsner, Sonyeol Yoon, Vishwanath Venketaraman
This research project delves into the multifaceted dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) endocarditis, a significant yet uncommon manifestation of tuberculosis (TB). Beginning with an overview of M.tb and the global challenges posed by TB, we navigate through the bacterium's evolution, transmission modes, and the intricate host immune response. The pathology and pathophysiology of M.tb endocarditis are explored, emphasizing its complexities and the host's efforts to contain the pathogen. The study extends to atypical mycobacterial endocarditis, highlighting the emergence of species like M...
March 2024: Discovery Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530748/htlv-in-sweden
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jan Vesterbacka, Anna-Karin Svensson, Piotr Nowak
Sweden is a country with a low prevalence of human lymphotropic T-cell virus (HTLV) infection, estimated at < 0.005%, but the infection rate is notably higher in specific risk groups such as HTLV-2 among intravenous drug users (IVDU) and people originating from HTLV-1 highly endemic areas. Thus, in the most recent study from 2012, the prevalence of HTLV-2 among IVDU in Stockholm was 3.2%. However, much of the epidemiological data on HTLV in Sweden stems from studies conducted primarily between the 1990s and 2007, and the impact of migration to Sweden during the past 15 years has not been evaluated...
2024: AIDS Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524261/pancreatic-tuberculosis-with-duodenal-fistula-presenting-as-life-threatening-gastrointestinal-bleeding
#5
Duha Zaffar, Chet Bahadur Ranabhat, Abdellatif Ismail, Gurdeep Gogna, Sarah Hossain, Gracia Viana Rodriguez, Sharma Disha, Kim Raymond
Pancreatic tuberculosis (TB) warrants heightened suspicion in individuals with pancreatic lesions and risk factors such as HIV, organ transplantation, or pertinent immigration history. We present a 38-year-old man who presented with hemodynamically unstable gastrointestinal bleeding. He was found to have pancreatic TB complicated by a duodenal ulcer with fistula. Following 1 month of antitubercular therapy, he experienced complete resolution of symptoms, healing of the duodenal ulcer, closure of the fistulous tract, and a decrease in the size of the pancreatic lesion as observed on imaging...
March 2024: ACG Case Reports Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518025/platelet-index-ratios-in-hiv-emerging-biomarkers-for-immune-health-and-disease-management
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a global health challenge that requires continuous advancements in diagnostic and prognostic tools. Traditional markers, such as CD4 cell counts and viral load, have played a crucial role in monitoring disease progression and guiding therapeutic interventions. However, emerging research suggests that platelet index ratios may serve as valuable biomarkers in assessing immune health and managing HIV-associated complications. This paper explores the significance of platelet index ratios, including platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume-to-lymphocyte ratio, as potential indicators of immune system status in individuals living with HIV...
March 22, 2024: Medicine (Baltimore)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508197/protac-mediated-degradation-of-hiv-1-nef-efficiently-restores-cell-surface-cd4-and-mhc-i-expression-and-blocks-hiv-1-replication
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lori A Emert-Sedlak, Colin M Tice, Haibin Shi, John J Alvarado, Sherry T Shu, Allen B Reitz, Thomas E Smithgall
The HIV-1 Nef accessory factor enhances the viral life cycle in vivo, promotes immune escape of HIV-infected cells, and represents an attractive antiretroviral drug target. However, Nef lacks enzymatic activity and an active site, complicating traditional occupancy-based drug development. Here we describe the development of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) for the targeted degradation of Nef. Nef-binding compounds, based on an existing hydroxypyrazole core, were coupled to ligands for ubiquitin E3 ligases via flexible linkers...
March 13, 2024: Cell Chemical Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38507899/-every-strategy-needs-to-be-contributing-to-erasing-the-stigma-m%C3%A4-ori-and-pacific-young-people-talk-about-overcoming-barriers-to-testing-for-sexually-transmitted-infections
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sally B Rose, Abby Dunlop, Tracey Gardiner, Marama Cole, Susan M Garrett, Eileen M McKinlay
BACKGROUND: Māori and Pacific young people are disproportionately impacted by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Access to STI screening is important to reduce transmission and reproductive health complications. METHODS: Between November 2022 and May 2023, we held four wānanga (workshops) with Māori and Pacific participants (15-24years old) to find out what barriers they encounter to STI testing, and hear their ideas about how to overcome these...
March 21, 2024: Sexual Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38505096/clinical-symptoms-pathogenesis-and-postoperative-course-of-non-specific-constrictive-pericarditis-with-dumbbell-shaped-heart
#9
Feridoun Sabzi, Reza Faraji, Saeed Khoshnood
Non-specific chronic constrictive pericarditis is a rare and debilitating chronic infection in developed countries and its rapid diagnosis and treatment has not affected its outcome and complication. A 15-year-old male, well nourished, negative HIV test, and without a history of previous pulmonary tuberculosis, was admitted to our hospital for exertional dyspnea (New York Heart Association, NYHA, functional class II). Our patient had had no pulmonary tuberculosis during childhood, had received anti-tuberculosis treatment, and was referred to our center for further surgical pericardiectomy...
2024: GMS Hygiene and Infection Control
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38504173/immune-response-to-the-recombinant-herpes-zoster-vaccine-in-people-living-with-hiv-over-50-years-of-age-compared-to-non-hiv-age-gender-matched-controls-shingr-hiv-a-multicenter-international-non-randomized-clinical-trial-study-protocol
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maxime Hentzien, Fabrice Bonnet, Enos Bernasconi, Emmanuel Biver, Dominique L Braun, Aline Munting, Karoline Leuzinger, Olivier Leleux, Stefano Musardo, Virginie Prendki, Patrick Schmid, Cornelia Staehelin, Marcel Stoeckle, Carla S Walti, Linda Wittkop, Victor Appay, Arnaud M Didierlaurent, Alexandra Calmy
BACKGROUND: The burden of herpes zoster (shingles) virus and associated complications, such as post-herpetic neuralgia, is higher in older adults and has a significant impact on quality of life. The incidence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia is increased in people living with HIV (PLWH) compared to an age-matched general population, including PLWH on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) with no detectable viremia and normal CD4 counts. PLWH - even on effective ART may- exhibit sustained immune dysfunction, as well as defects in cells involved in the response to vaccines...
March 19, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501237/glp-1-receptor-agonists-promote-weight-loss-among-people-with-hiv
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Quynh Nguyen, Darcy Wooten, Daniel Lee, Manuel Moreno, Katherine Promer, Amutha Rajagopal, Matthew Tan, Michael Tang, Kye Duren, Jeffrey Yin, Lucas Hill
BACKGROUND: Weight gain and associated metabolic complications are increasingly prevalent among people with HIV (PWH). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are incretin-based therapies for diabetes and weight management that have been shown to result in substantial weight loss; however, studies of their effects in PWH are limited. METHODS: A retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted among PWH who were taking GLP-1RAs at UC San Diego Owen Clinic between 2/1/2021 to 2/1/2023...
March 19, 2024: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496097/granulomas-galore-concomitant-granulomatous-infections-in-a-patient-with-crohn-s-disease
#12
Michael Gianarakis, Alexander Gianarakis, Safia Ahmed, John Pueringer, Ushan Ranasinghe
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors are effective biologics in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease; however, they increase susceptibility to opportunistic infections. We report a case of a 74-year-old female with Crohn's disease who developed concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis [MTB]) and Histoplasmosis capsulatum  infection while on adalimumab. Co-infection is rare in patients on TNF-alpha inhibitor therapy, and most cases have been reported in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495741/post-transplant-glomerulonephritis-challenges-and-solutions
#13
REVIEW
Marcos Vinicius de Sousa
Glomeruli can be damaged in several conditions after kidney transplantation, with a potential impact on the graft function and survival. Primary glomerulonephritis, a group of glomerular immunological damage that results in variable histological patterns and clinical phenotypes, can occur in kidney transplant recipients as a recurrent or de novo condition. Specific immunologic conditions associated with kidney transplantation, such as acute rejection episodes, can act as an additional trigger after transplantation, impacting the incidence of these glomerulopathies...
2024: International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38486816/incidence-and-predictors-of-tuberculosis-associated-iris-in-people-with-hiv-treated-for-tuberculosis-findings-from-reflate-tb2-randomized-trial
#14
Lara E Coelho, Corine Chazallon, Didier Laureillard, Rodrigo Escada, Jean-Baptiste N'takpe, Isabelle Timana, Eugène Messou, Serge Eholie, Celso Khosa, Giang D Chau, Sandra Wagner Cardoso, Valdiléa G Veloso, Constance Delaugerre, Jean-Michel Molina, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Olivier Marcy, Nathalie De Castro
BACKGROUND: After antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, people with HIV (PWH) treated for tuberculosis (TB) may develop TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). Integrase inhibitors, by providing a faster HIV-RNA decline than efavirenz, might increase the risk for this complication. We sought to assess incidence and determinants of TB-IRIS in PWH with TB on raltegravir- or efavirenz-based ART. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of the Reflate TB 2 trial, which randomized ART-naive PWH on standard TB treatment, to receive raltegravir- or efavirenz-based ART...
March 2024: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38486814/combination-of-extended-antivirals-with-antiretrovirals-for-severe-mpox-in-advanced-human-immunodeficiency-virus-infection-case-series-of-4-patients
#15
Michael T Duong, Pablo Tebas, Bhavya Ancha, Jillian Baron, Pallavi Chary, Stuart N Isaacs, Zsofia Szep
To gauge the safety and utility of extended tecovirimat/cidofovir for severe mpox, here we report our experience caring for 4 patients with mpox and advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at the Hospitals of the University of Pennsylvania during the 2022 global outbreak. Three patients had recurrent courses complicated by superinfections, coinfections and insufficient nutrition/housing, requiring extended tecovirimat (5-16 weeks) and cidofovir (1-12 doses) with probenecid and fluids. At follow-up, patients had undetectable HIV RNA on antiretrovirals, improved ulcers and stable renal function on antivirals...
March 2024: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38486174/determinants-of-viral-load-suppression-failure-among-hiv-adults-on-arv-attending-health-care-facilities-a-retrospective-study-in-tanga-region-tanzania
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eric Mboggo, Expeditho Mtisi, Stella E Mushy, Simon Mkawe, Frida Ngalesoni, Aisa Muya, Edwin Kilimba, Denice Kamugumya, Boniface Silvan Mlay
BACKGROUND: Availability and accessibility of Antiretroviral drugs (ARV's) improve the lives of People living with HIV (PLHIV) by improving client's immune system to overcome infections and prevent the development of AIDS and other HIV complications. Combination therapy, early initiation of ART, newer ART drugs, single dosage and drug affordability significantly contribute in the reduction of viral multiplication and suppression of HIV to undetectable plasma levels. METHODS: A retrospective longitudinal study design study was conducted from 1st October, 2018 to 30th June 2022 in all supported HIV care and treatment health facilities in Tanga region which were supported by Amref Health Africa, Tanzania...
March 14, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481233/support-not-blame-safe-partner-disclosure-among-women-diagnosed-with-hiv-late-in-pregnancy-in-south-africa-and-uganda
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adelline Twimukye, Yussif Alhassan, Beate Ringwald, Thokozile Malaba, Landon Myer, Catriona Waitt, Mohammed Lamorde, Helen Reynolds, Saye Khoo, Miriam Taegtmeyer
BACKGROUND: HIV partner disclosure rates remain low among pregnant women living with HIV in many African countries despite potential benefits for women and their families. Partner disclosure can trigger negative responses like blame, violence, and separation. Women diagnosed with HIV late in pregnancy have limited time to prepare for partner disclosure. We sought to understand challenges around partner disclosure and non-disclosure faced by women diagnosed with HIV late in pregnancy in South Africa and Uganda and to explore pathways to safe partner disclosure...
March 13, 2024: AIDS Research and Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481213/immune-profiles-of-pre-frail-people-living-with-hiv-1-a-prospective-longitudinal-study
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lucy Kundura, Renaud Cezar, Sandrine Gimenez, Manuela Pastore, Christelle Reynes, Albert Sotto, Jacques Reynes, Clotilde Allavena, Laurence Meyer, Alain Makinson, Pierre Corbeau
BACKGROUND: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at risk of frailty, which is predictive for death. As an overactivity of the immune system is thought to fuel frailty, we characterized the immune activation profiles linked to frailty. METHODS: We quantified twenty-seven activation markers in forty-six virological responders (four females and forty-two males; median age, 74 years; median duration of infection, 24 years; median duration of undetectability, 13 years), whose frailty was determined according to the Fried criteria...
March 13, 2024: Immunity & Ageing: I & A
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38472434/the-impact-of-asymptomatic-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-positive-disease-status-on-inpatient-complications-following-total-joint-arthroplasty-a-propensity-score-matched-analysis
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Neil V Shah, Matthew J Lettieri, David Kim, Jack J Zhou, Nathaniel Pineda, Bassel G Diebo, Colin Y L Woon, Qais Naziri
PURPOSE: The number of patients with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (AHIV) is increasing as the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy improves. While there is research on operative risks associated with having HIV, there is a lack of literature describing the impact of well-controlled HIV on postoperative complications. This study seeks to elucidate the impact of AHIV on postoperative outcomes after total hip (THA) and knee (TKA) arthroplasty. METHODS: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was retrospectively reviewed for patients undergoing TKA and THA from 2005 to 2013...
March 12, 2024: European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology: Orthopédie Traumatologie
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38469884/long-or-complicated-mpox-in-patients-with-uncontrolled-hiv-infection
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anaïs Corma-Gómez, Alfonso Cabello, Eva Orviz, Miguel Morante-Ruiz, Oskar Ayerdi, Aws Al-Hayani, Ana Muñoz-Gómez, Ignacio De Los Santos, Cristina Gómez-Ayerbe, David Rodrigo, Sandra De la Rosa Riestra, Sergio Reus-Bañuls, Ana Silva-Klug, María José Galindo, Marta Santos, Miriam Serrano-Fuentes, Naya Faro-Míguez, Inés Pérez-Camacho, Diana Corona-Mata, Luis Morano, Miguel Ángel López-Ruz, Marta Montero, Blanca Anaya-Baz, Dolores Merino, Antonia Castillo-Navarro, Juan A Pineda, Juan Macías
To date, former research about the impact of HIV infection on mpox poor outcomes is still limited and controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of HIV on the clinical course of mpox, in a large population of patients from Spain. Nationwide case-series study. Patients from 18 Spanish hospitals, with PCR-confirmed mpox from April 27, 2022 to June 30, 2023 were included in this study. The main outcome was the development of long or complicated (LC) mpox, defined as: (i) duration of the clinical course ≥ 28 days, or; (ii) disseminated disease, or: (iii) emergence of severe complications...
March 2024: Journal of Medical Virology
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