HIV, AIDS, skin

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the reliability of ChatGPT's answers to medical questions, including those sourced from patients and guide recommendations. The focus was on evaluating ChatGPT's accuracy in responding to various types of infectious disease questions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted using 200 questions sourced from social media, experts, and guidelines related to various infectious diseases like urinary tract infection, pneumonia, HIV, various types of hepatitis, COVID-19, skin infections, and tuberculosis...

BACKGROUND: MPOX (Monkeypox) viral infection, a zoonotic disease previously confined to the African sub-continent, has caught attention worldwide recently due to its resurgence in a new 'avatar' among urban communities. Dermatologists in the U. A. E. started to see patients with fever and a self-limiting pustular necrotic rash that was negative for all other infectious investigations. METHODS: We performed a prospective observational multicenter clinical study of the demographics, skin manifestations, and outcomes of patients presenting with necrotic pustular lesions and/or fever...

Purpose: Sexual minority men (SMM) experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at disproportionately high rates. The objective of this article was to identify the experiences of SMM and health care providers on how social identity impacts IPV. Methods: SMM participants ( N  = 23) were recruited from online community settings and a lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and others (LGBTQ+) organization in Los Angeles; providers ( N  = 10) were recruited from LGBTQ+ organizations...

BACKGROUND: Syphilis is an infection caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. It is mainly transmitted through oral, vaginal and anal sex, in pregnancy and through blood transfusion. Syphilis develops in primary, secondary, latent and tertiary stages and presents with different clinical features at each stage. Infected patients can remain asymptomatic for several years and, without treatment, can, in extreme cases, manifest as damage in several organs and tissues, including the brain, nervous tissue, eyes, ear and soft tissues...

Many barriers to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing among Black people exist. This study analysed the association between race/skin colour and lifetime HIV testing among adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and transgender women (ATGW) in three Brazilian cities. This cross-sectional study was nested within the PrEP1519 cohort, a multicentre study of AMSM and ATGW aged 15-19 years in Belo Horizonte, Salvador, and São Paulo, Brazil. The outcome variable was the lifetime HIV testing (no or yes)...

A male in his late 30s was found dead in his home. He was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about six years prior. The HIV infection was well controlled before his death. He was 166 cm in height and 75 kg in weight. Aside from discoloration of the skin on the right lower patellar, there were no obvious injuries. His brain weighed 1456 g. A cut surface of the brain revealed left thalamic hemorrhage. Histologically, infiltration of phagocytic cells was observed in the bleeding site. Thalamic hemorrhage was considered to be his cause of death in this case...

Kaposi's sarcoma is a well-known multifocal vascular tumor initially described by pathologist Moritz Kaposi. This report presents the case of a 38-year-old bisexual male who consulted the infectious diseases department with non-itchy maculopapular and purpuric lesions on the skin with the involvement of the oral mucosa, suggesting a diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma. Biological and radiological investigations were performed. The patient was found to be human immunodeficiency virus positive with a viral load of 251...

Kaposi's sarcoma is an AIDS-defining illness and remains the most frequent tumor arising in HIV-infected patients with multifactorial etiology. We present a case of a 30-year-old Caucasian male with an 18-year history of HIV infection. The patient was presented with a one-week history of fever, non-productive cough, and skin lesions. There was an associated weakness and weight loss in a duration of 6 months. Clinical examination showed fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, lower limb edema, ascites, and violaceous cutaneous eruption comprising patches, plaques, and nodules...

Cutaneous drug reactions (CDRs) are common drug-induced allergic reactions that cause severe consequences in HIV/AIDS patients. The CCL17/CCR4 axis is involved in the immune mechanism of allergic diseases, but its role in the CDRs has not been determined. Here, we aimed to determine the role of the CCL17/CCR4 axis and the underlying mechanism involved in CDRs. In this study, the serum cytokine levels in patients with CDR and healthy controls were measured. The CCL17-triggered allergic profile was screened via a PCR array...

INTRODUCTION: The HPTN071 (PopART) for Youth (P-ART-Y) study evaluated the acceptability and uptake of a community-level combination HIV prevention package including universal testing and treatment (UTT) among young people in Zambia and South Africa. We determined whether a four-question primary care level screening tool, validated for use in clinical settings, could enhance community (door-to-door) identification of undiagnosed HIV-positive younger adolescents (aged 10-14) who are frequently left out of HIV interventions...

AIDS is an incurable disease that is common in Africa. Patients with HIV/AIDS having a CD4 count of less than 240 are put on life prolonging ARV drugs. The ARVs have serious side effects on some patients which may be handled by treating them or switching patient's drug to one with no or less serious side effects. However, before doing this, more understanding of the circumstances that lead to a side effect is vital. We use statistical analyses to link side effects of 1A, 2A, and 5A treatment regimens to the patient's social and demographic characteristics based on hospital data records...

BACKGROUND: Studies on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children living with HIV (CLHIV) are limited due to the small population and low accession rate of ART. METHODS: All 0-14-year-old CLHIV admitted to the Ganzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2006 to June 2023 were included retrospectively. The information of treatment regimens, disease progression, and laboratory tests of the patients under ART were used to explore the outcomes and impacts of long-term ART...

Background: The prevalence of skin diseases such as leprosy, and limited dermatological knowledge among frontline health workers (FHWs) in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, led to the development of the NLR SkinApp: a mobile application (app) that supports FHWs to promptly diagnose and treat, or suspect and refer patients with skin diseases. The app includes common skin diseases, neglected tropical skin diseases (skin NTDs) such as leprosy, and HIV/AIDS-related skin conditions. This study aimed to test the supporting role of the NLR SkinApp by examining the diagnostic accuracy of its third edition...

Therapeutic options for people with moderate or severe atopic dermatitis refractory to topical therapy have rapidly expanded in recent years. These new targeted immunomodulatory agents-biologics and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors-have each demonstrated high levels of efficacy and acceptable safety in mostly placebo-controlled clinical trials for atopic dermatitis, but there is no universally applicable algorithm to help choose between them for a given patient. Hence, patients and physicians should utilize shared decision making, discussing efficacy, safety, mode of delivery, monitoring, costs, speed of onset, and other factors to reach individualized treatment decisions...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated CD8+ T-cell skin infiltrative disease with severe erythroderma has rarely been reported. While HIV-positive patients are prone to develop lymphoma, which is often associated with Epstein-Barr virus, polymorphic lymphoproliferative disorder is rare, accounting for <5% of cases. We herein report a 41-year-old HIV-positive man who presented with a fever, erythroderma, and lymphadenopathy and was diagnosed with the coexistence of both diseases. His condition improved significantly with continued antiretroviral therapy...

HIV infection predisposes to a broad range of skin infections, from atypical presentations of common skin infections, to severe disseminated infections involving the skin which are AIDS-defining illnesses. We provide a contemporary review of the dermatological aspects of these infections. Too short needs up to 200 words.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a pathological endothelial growth associated with human herpes virus-8 which primarily affects the skin. In HIV-negative men who have sex with men, the clinical presentation of KS resembles the classic form limited to cutaneous or multifocal disease. In this report, we present a unique case of a healthy 61-year-old man who has sex with men with an isolated gastrointestinal KS who does not meet criteria for any of the typical KS clinical variants. Proper follow-up and regular HIV screenings are needed to evaluate the potential progression course of the disease in these patients...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in children with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and in controls. Also, to compare body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, skin-fold thickness (SFT), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), lipid profile, blood pressure, lipodystrophy syndrome (LDS), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children with HIV and in controls and to determine association between lipid profile, LDS, liver amino-transferases, NAFLD, BMI, body fat percentage, SFT, WHtR and CIMT...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Plants from the Thymelaeaceae family are widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions, with approximately 113 species used as Traditional Herbals. There are numerous applications for them, such as treating leukemia, AIDS, and liver cancer. It should be noted that around 20% of these plants have shown harmful side effects when used in clinical applications, including solid irritations to the skin and mucous membranes, carcinogenic effects, organ damage, vomiting, and diarrhea...

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular and lymphatic neoplasm caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). AIDS-related KS has variable clinical courses ranging from mild disease presenting as an incidental finding to severe disease presenting as an aggressively progressing neoplasm that can lead to poor prognosis or even death. Typical clinical manifestation of KS is known as multiple cutaneous lesions on the extremities, trunk, and face with mucosal involvement. A 46-year-old male with AIDS complained of an erythematous patch on the right forearm which appeared 5 months ago...