keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38475766/non-stem-cell-derived-exosomes-a-novel-therapeutics-for-neurotrauma
#21
REVIEW
Xinyu Nie, Tianyang Yuan, Tong Yu, Zhihe Yun, Tao Yu, Qinyi Liu
Neurotrauma, encompassing traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and spinal cord injuries (SCI) impacts a significant portion of the global population. While spontaneous recovery post-TBI or SCI is possible, recent advancements in cell-based therapies aim to bolster these natural reparative mechanisms. Emerging research indicates that the beneficial outcomes of such therapies might be largely mediated by exosomes secreted from the administered cells. While stem cells have garnered much attention, exosomes derived from non-stem cells, including neurons, Schwann cells, microglia, and vascular endothelial cells, have shown notable therapeutic potential...
March 12, 2024: Journal of Nanobiotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38474330/cholangiocarcinoma-malignant-traits-are-promoted-by-schwann-cells-through-tgf%C3%AE-signaling-in-a-model-of-perineural-invasion
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Valerio de Franchis, Simonetta Petrungaro, Elisa Pizzichini, Serena Camerini, Marialuisa Casella, Francesca Somma, Enrico Mandolini, Guido Carpino, Diletta Overi, Vincenzo Cardinale, Antonio Facchiano, Antonio Filippini, Eugenio Gaudio, Cinzia Fabrizi, Claudia Giampietri
The term cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) defines a class of epithelial malignancies originating from bile ducts. Although it has been demonstrated that CCA patients with perineural invasion (PNI) have a worse prognosis, the biological features of this phenomenon are yet unclear. Our data show that in human intrahepatic CCA specimens with documented PNI, nerve-infiltrating CCA cells display positivity of the epithelial marker cytokeratin 7, lower with respect to the rest of the tumor mass. In an in vitro 3D model, CCA cells move towards a peripheral nerve explant allowing contact with Schwann cells (SCs) emerging from the nerve...
February 20, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38473354/the-nf1-immune-microenvironment-dueling-roles-in-neurofibroma-development-and-malignant-transformation
#23
REVIEW
Emily E White, Steven D Rhodes
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder resulting in the development of both benign and malignant tumors of the peripheral nervous system. NF1 is caused by germline pathogenic variants or deletions of the NF1 tumor suppressor gene, which encodes the protein neurofibromin that functions as negative regulator of p21 RAS. Loss of NF1 heterozygosity in Schwann cells (SCs), the cells of origin for these nerve sheath-derived tumors, leads to the formation of plexiform neurofibromas (PNF)-benign yet complex neoplasms involving multiple nerve fascicles and comprised of a myriad of infiltrating stromal and immune cells...
February 29, 2024: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38472962/the-unpredictable-ulnar-nerve-ulnar-nerve-entrapment-from-anatomical-pathophysiological-and-biopsychosocial-aspects
#24
REVIEW
Erika Nyman, Lars B Dahlin
Peripheral nerves consist of delicate structures, including a rich microvascular system, that protect and nourish axons and associated Schwann cells. Nerves are sensitive to internal and external trauma, such as compression and stretching. Ulnar nerve entrapment, the second most prevalent nerve entrapment disorder after carpal tunnel syndrome, appears frequently at the elbow. Although often idiopathic, known risk factors, including obesity, smoking, diabetes, and vibration exposure, occur. It exists in all adult ages (mean age 40-50 years), but seldom affects individuals in their adolescence or younger...
February 24, 2024: Diagnostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38465459/the-dst-gene-in-neurobiology
#25
REVIEW
Robert Lalonde, Catherine Strazielle
DST is a gene whose alternative splicing yields epithelial, neuronal, and muscular isoforms. The autosomal recessive Dstdt ( dystonia musculorum ) spontaneous mouse mutation causes degeneration of spinocerebellar tracts as well as peripheral sensory nerves, dorsal root ganglia, and cranial nerve ganglia. In addition to Dstdt mutants, axonopathy and neurofilament accumulation in perikarya are features of two other murine lines with spontaneous Dst mutations, targeted Dst knockout mice, Dst Tg4 transgenic mice carrying two deleted Dst exons, Dst Gt mice with trapped actin-binding domain-containing isoforms, and conditional Schwann cell-specific Dst knockout mice...
March 11, 2024: Journal of Neurogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38464790/targeted-metabolomics-reveals-the-aberrant-energy-status-in-diabetic-peripheral-neuropathy-and-the-neuroprotective-mechanism-of-traditional-chinese-medicine-jinmaitong
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bingjia Zhao, Qian Zhang, Yiqian He, Weifang Cao, Wei Song, Xiaochun Liang
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common and devastating complication of diabetes, for which effective therapies are currently lacking. Disturbed energy status plays a crucial role in DPN pathogenesis. However, the integrated profile of energy metabolism, especially the central carbohydrate metabolism, remains unclear in DPN. Here, we developed a metabolomics approach by targeting 56 metabolites using high-performance ion chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPIC-MS/MS) to illustrate the integrative characteristics of central carbohydrate metabolism in patients with DPN and streptozotocin-induced DPN rats...
February 2024: Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38458648/c5ar-plus-mek-inhibition-durably-targets-the-tumor-milieu-and-reveals-tumor-cell-phagocytosis
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Melissa R Perrino, Niousha Ahmari, Ashley Hall, Mark Jackson, Youjin Na, Jay Pundavela, Sara Szabo, Trent M Woodruff, Eva Dombi, Mi-Ok Kim, Jörg Köhl, Jianqiang Wu, Nancy Ratner
Plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs) are nerve tumors caused by loss of NF1 and dysregulation of RAS-MAPK signaling in Schwann cells. Most PNFs shrink in response to MEK inhibition, but targets with increased and durable effects are needed. We identified the anaphylatoxin C5a as increased in PNFs and expressed largely by PNF m acrophages. We defined pharmacokinetic and immunomodulatory properties of a C5aR1/2 antagonist and tested if peptide antagonists augment the effects of MEK inhibition. MEK inhibition recruited C5AR1 to the macrophage surface; short-term inhibition of C5aR elevated macrophage apoptosis and Schwann cell death, without affecting MEK-induced tumor shrinkage...
May 2024: Life Science Alliance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38456457/tead1-is-crucial-for-developmental-myelination-remak-bundles-and-functional-regeneration-of-peripheral-nerves
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew Grove, Hyukmin Kim, Shuhuan Pang, Jose Paz Amaya, Guoqing Hu, Jiliang Zhou, Michel A Lemay, Young-Jin Son
Previously we showed that the hippo pathway transcriptional effectors, YAP and TAZ, are essential for Schwann cells (SCs) to develop, maintain and regenerate myelin (Grove et al., 2017; Grove, Lee, Zhao, & Son, 2020). Although TEAD1 has been implicated as a partner transcription factor, the mechanisms by which it mediates YAP/TAZ regulation of SC myelination are unclear. Here, using conditional and inducible knockout mice, we show that TEAD1 is crucial for SCs to develop and regenerate myelin. It promotes myelination by both positively and negatively regulating SC proliferation, enabling Krox20/Egr2 to upregulate myelin proteins, and upregulating the cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes FDPS and IDI1...
March 8, 2024: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38453910/trem2-deficiency-impairs-the-energy-metabolism-of-schwann-cells-and-exacerbates-peripheral-neurological-deficits
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nannan Zhang, Qingjie Ji, Yunfeng Chen, Xiwu Wen, Fangzhen Shan
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) has been implicated in susceptibility to neurodegenerative disease. Schwann cells (SCs), the predominant glial cell type in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), play a crucial role in myelination, providing trophic support for neurons and nerve regeneration. However, the function of TREM2 in SCs has not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that TREM2 is expressed in SCs but not in neurons in the PNS. TREM2 deficiency leads to disruption of glycolytic flux and oxidative metabolism in SCs, impairing cell proliferation...
March 7, 2024: Cell Death & Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38450612/binding-and-activation-of-lrp1-dependent-cell-signaling-in-schwann-cells-using-a-peptide-derived-from-the-hemopexin-domain-of-mmp-9
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John H Kim, Aashish Shivkumar, Masaki Norimoto, Sascha Castro Lingl, Christian Seitz, Rommie E Amaro, Steve L Gonias, Jerry Yang, Wendy M Campana
Schwann cells (SCs) undergo phenotypic transformation and then orchestrate nerve repair following a peripheral nervous system injury. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is significantly upregulated in SCs in response to acute injury, activating cJun and promoting SC survival. Matrix-metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is an LRP1 ligand that binds LRP1 through its hemopexin domain (PEX) and activates SC survival signaling and migration. To identify novel peptide mimetics within the hemopexin domain of MMP-9, we examined the crystal structure of PEX, synthesized four peptides, and examined their potential to bind and activate LRP1...
March 7, 2024: Biochemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38445369/beneficial-effects-of-human-schwann-cell-derived-exosomes-in-mitigating-secondary-damage-after-penetrating-ballistic-like-brain-injury
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kengo Nishimura, Juliana Sanchez, Nadine Kerr, Yelena Pressman, Risset Silvera, Aisha Khan, Shyam Gajavelli, Helen M Bramlett, W Dalton Dietrich
There is a growing body of evidence that the delivery of cell-derived exosomes normally involved in intracellular communication can reduce secondary injury mechanisms after brain and spinal cord injury and improve outcomes. Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles that released by Schwann cells may have neuroprotective effects by reducing posttraumatic inflammatory processes as well as promoting tissue healing and functional recovery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of human Schwann-cell exosomes (hSC-Exos) in a severe model of penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI) in rats and investigate effects on multiple outcomes...
March 6, 2024: Journal of Neurotrauma
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38444644/retroperitoneal-schwannoma-during-pregnancy-a-case-report-and-practice-based-overview
#32
Stefano Fruci, Anna Fagotti, Silvia Salvi, Pierpaolo Mattogno, Quintino Giorgio D'Alessandris, Federica Totaro Aprile, Antonia Carla Testa, Antonio Lanzone, Liverana Lauretti
The retroperitoneum is the rarest site for Schwannomas, tumors that originate from Schwann cells and usually present as benign, slowly growing masses. During pregnancy, the routine application of ultrasound for fetal assessment has led to an increased rate of detection of maternal asymptomatic masses, notably including the retroperitoneal ones. While most of these masses prove to be benign, it is imperative to consider the potential for malignancy. This report presents a rare case involving a woman diagnosed with bilateral adnexal cysts and a pre-sacral retroperitoneal mass during the first trimester of pregnancy...
March 2024: Case Reports in Women's Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38443628/prevalence-and-patterns-of-cerebral-venous-sinus-thrombosis-following-vestibular-schwannoma-surgery-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#33
REVIEW
Arian Mirdamadi, Mona Javid, Shadman Nemati, Mohammad-Hossein Keivanlou, Mohammadreza Javid, Ehsan Amini-Salehi, Farahnaz Joukar, Soheil Hassanipour
PURPOSE: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a potentially serious complication following surgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma, a benign tumor originating from Schwann cells of the vestibulocochlear nerve. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CVST following surgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma and the factors contributing to its occurrence. METHOD: Two independent researchers searched the global databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library up to September 01, 2023...
March 5, 2024: European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38440642/schwannoma-base-of-tongue-case-report-with-a-novel-reconstruction-technique
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Deepa Mary Samuel, Shaji Thomas, Deepak Janardhanan, Sanu P Moideen
INTRODUCTION: Schwannomas are benign, slow-growing well-encapsulated neoplasms arising from Schwann cells of nerve sheaths. Oral cavity schwannomas are very rare with an incidence less than 1%. The posterior third of the tongue is not frequently involved. CASE REPORT: We report a rare case of a large tongue base schwannoma in a 44 year old female managed surgically by lateral pharyngotomy approach. A novel reconstruction method involving the use of submental flap is described for the functional reconstruction of the defect...
February 2024: Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38440480/schwannoma-of-nasopharynx-a-rare-case-with-a-complex-presentation
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dharanya Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan, Sunil Kumar Saxena, Devi Anu Kuppusamy, Sreerekha Jinkala
Nasopharyngeal tumors are rare, and schwannomas originating from this location are extremely uncommon. Schwannomas are tumors arising from the Schwann cells of peripheral nerve sheath which are neuroectodermal in origin. These are benign, slow growing, well-encapsulated tumors and are mostly seen in the head and neck region. We present a rare case of schwannoma with nasopharynx as its epicenter in an elderly female patient who presented with complaints of hematemesis, bilateral nasal obstruction and stertorous breathing...
February 2024: Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38440472/rare-case-of-nasal-tip-schwannoma-a-case-report
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ritu K Sheth, Devika S Shere, Athira Vishnurag, Deepika A Choudhary, Subramanyam Iyer
Schwannoma is a benign neurogenic neoplasm which is arising from schwann cells of peripheral nerve sheath. It can occur in anywhere in the body. Schwannoma of sinonasal tract is extremely rare. Here we report a rare case of schwannoma of nasal tip. A 45 year old male presented with a swelling of tip of the nose, causing cosmetic deformity with no other associated symptoms. Surgical excision of the mass done by using external rhinoplasty approach. Histolopathology report of specimen showed a well circumscribed schwannoma with Antoni A and Antoni B areas...
February 2024: Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38436832/sox9-promotes-collagen-vi-secretion-by-upregulating-pcolce-in-neurofibroma
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xuan Yao, Bo Wang, Yuanping Su, Zhitong Bing, Qiao Li, Qiang Dong, Hang Yin, Jianying Wang, Yawen Pan, Guoqiang Yuan
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is caused by NF1 gene mutations. Patients with NF1 often have complications with tumors, such as neurofibroma. In order to investigate the pathogenesis of human neurofibroma, a systematic comparison of protein expression levels between Schwann cell-like sNF96.2 cells, which originated from malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), and normal Schwann cells was performed using 4-D label-free proteomic analysis. In addition, the expression levels and localization of dysregulated proteins were confirmed using a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) transcriptomic dataset, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence labeling...
March 4, 2024: Molecular Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435829/schwann-cells-acquire-a-repair-phenotype-after-assembling-into-spheroids-and-show-enhanced-in-vivo-therapeutic-potential-for-promoting-peripheral-nerve-repair
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shih-Heng Chen, Hsin-Wen Wang, Pei-Ching Yang, Shih-Shien Chen, Chia-Hsin Ho, Pei-Ching Yang, Ying-Chi Kao, Shao-Wen Liu, Han Chiu, Yu-Jie Lin, Er-Yuan Chuang, Jen-Huang Huang, Huang-Kai Kao, Chieh-Cheng Huang
The prognosis for postinjury peripheral nerve regeneration remains suboptimal. Although transplantation of exogenous Schwann cells (SCs) has been considered a promising treatment to promote nerve repair, this strategy has been hampered in practice by the limited availability of SC sources and an insufficient postengraftment cell retention rate. In this study, to address these challenges, SCs were aggregated into spheroids before being delivered to an injured rat sciatic nerve. We found that the three-dimensional aggregation of SCs induced their acquisition of a repair phenotype, as indicated by enhanced levels of c-Jun expression/activation and decreased expression of myelin sheath protein...
March 2024: Bioengineering & Translational Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38434051/bone-marrow-stem-cells-with-or-without-superparamagnetic-iron-oxide-nanoparticles-as-a-magnetic-targeting-tool-which-is-better-in-regeneration-of-neurolysed-facial-nerve-an-experimental-study
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Noura Abd El-Latif, Rehab R El Zehary, Fatma M Ibrahim, Mona Denewar
AIM: This study was performed to evaluate neural regenerative capacities of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) with or without superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a magnetic targeting tool after neurolysis of the facial nerve (FN) in albino rats. METHODS: Thirty-eight male albino rats were selected. Two of them were euthanized for normal FN histology assessment. Thirty-six rats were injected with ethanol in the FN nerve for neurolysis induction and assessed one week post-operatively by eye blinking test...
February 29, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38431841/neuromuscular-organoids-model-spinal-neuromuscular-pathologies-in-c9orf72-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chong Gao, Qinghua Shi, Xue Pan, Jiajia Chen, Yuhong Zhang, Jiali Lang, Shan Wen, Xiaodong Liu, Tian-Lin Cheng, Kai Lei
Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene are the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. Due to the lack of trunk neuromuscular organoids (NMOs) from ALS patients' induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), an organoid system was missing to model the trunk spinal neuromuscular neurodegeneration. With the C9orf72 ALS patient-derived iPSCs and isogenic controls, we used an NMO system containing trunk spinal cord neural and peripheral muscular tissues to show that the ALS NMOs could model peripheral defects in ALS, including contraction weakness, neural denervation, and loss of Schwann cells...
March 1, 2024: Cell Reports
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