keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38430424/the-global-challenge-of-reducing-mercury-contamination-from-artisanal-and-small-scale-gold-mining-asgm-evaluating-solutions-using-generic-theories-of-change
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Allison R Aldous, Tim Tear, Luis E Fernandez
Mercury contamination from artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) currently accounts for 37% of the global total, often affecting tropical regions where regulations, if they exist, are often poorly enforced. Ingestion by people and other animals damages the nervous, reproductive, and cognitive systems. Despite the efforts of many organizations and governments to curb mercury releases from ASGM, it is increasing globally. There are many possible interventions, all with significant complexity and cost. Therefore, we recommend taking an established systematic approach to articulate the current situation and construct theories of change (ToC) for different possible interventions for any government or organization trying to solve this problem...
March 2, 2024: Ecotoxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38427540/dynamic-motion-transition-a-hybrid-data-driven-and-model-driven-method-for-human-pose-transitions
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhi Chai, Hong Qin
The rapid, accurate, and robust computation of virtual human figures' "in-between" pose transitions from available and sometimes sparse inputs is of fundamental significance to 3D interactive graphics and computer animation. Various methods have been proposed to produce natural lifelike transitions of human pose automatically in recent decades. Nevertheless, conventional pure model-driven methods require heuristic knowledge (e.g., least motion guided by physics laws) and ad-hoc clues (e.g., splines with non-uniform time warp) that are difficult to obtain, learn, and infer...
March 1, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38425054/life-at-the-borderlands-microbiomes-of-interfaces-critical-to-one-health
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Simon R Law, Falko Mathes, Amy M Paten, Pamela Alexandre, Roshan Regmi, Cameron Reid, Azadeh Safarchi, Shaktivesh Shaktivesh, Yanan Wang, Annaleise Wilson, Scott A Rice, Vadakattu V S R Gupta
Microbiomes are foundational components of the environment that provide essential services relating to food security, carbon sequestration, human health, and the overall well-being of ecosystems. Microbiota exert their effects primarily through complex interactions at interfaces with their plant, animal, and human hosts, as well as within the soil environment. This review aims to explore the ecological, evolutionary, and molecular processes governing the establishment and function of microbiome-host relationships, specifically at interfaces critical to One Health - a transdisciplinary framework that recognises that the health outcomes of people, animals, plants and the environment are tightly interconnected...
February 29, 2024: FEMS Microbiology Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38415616/limitations-of-reporting-requirements-under-california-s-livestock-antimicrobial-restriction-law
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sebastian Quaade, Joan A Casey, Keeve E Nachman, Sara Y Tartof, Daniel E Ho
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial use in livestock production is considered a key contributor to growing antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. In 2015, California became the first state to enact restrictions on routine antimicrobial use in livestock production via Senate Bill 27 (SB27). SB27 further required the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) to collect and disseminate data on antimicrobial use in livestock production. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this report is to assess whether CDFA's data release allows us to evaluate how antimicrobial use changed after the implementation of SB27...
February 2024: Environmental Health Perspectives
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38410437/matching-provides-efficient-decisions
#25
Jan Kubanek
How humans and animals distribute their behavior across choice options has been of key interest to economics, psychology, ecology, and related fields. Neoclassical and behavioral economics have provided prescriptions for how decision-makers can maximize their reward or utility, but these formalisms are used by decision-makers rarely. Instead, individuals allocate their behavior in proportion to the worth of their options, a phenomenon captured by the generalized matching law. Why biological decision-makers adopt this strategy has been unclear...
February 14, 2024: Research Square
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38402693/towards-the-mechanical-characterisation-of-unruptured-intracranial-aneurysms-numerical-modelling-of-interactions-between-a-deformation-device-and-the-aneurysm-wall
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Raviol, G Plet, R Hasegawa, K Yu, H Kosukegawa, M Ohta, H Magoariec, C Pailler-Mattei
Intracranial aneurysm is a critical pathology related to the arterial wall deterioration. This work is an essential aspect of a large scale project aimed at providing clinicians with a non-invasive patient-specific decision support tool regarding the rupture risk assessment. A machine learning algorithm links the aneurysm shape observed and a database of UIA clinical images associated with in vivo wall mechanical properties and rupture characterisation. The database constitution is derived from a device prototype coupled with medical imaging...
February 21, 2024: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38395860/partially-divided-caging-reduces-overall-aggression-and-anxiety-which-may-indicate-improved-welfare-in-group-housed-male-c57bl-6j-mice
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bret R Tallent, L Matthew Law, Jonathan Lifshitz
Deciding which environmental enrichment is used in mouse caging is often subjective, with cost frequently prevailing over welfare benefits, including aggression and anxiety. While many devices introduced to encourage natural behaviors and reduce aggression show mixed results, we have previously demonstrated significant reductions in aggressive behavior between group-housed male mice housed in partially divided caging. To further assess behavior, we have raised male C57BL/6J mice in either partially divided caging or in standard caging with no divider...
February 24, 2024: BMC Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38392516/breaking-the-law-is-it-correct-to-use-the-converse-bergmann-rule-in-ceroglossus-chilensis-an-overview-using-geometric-morphometrics
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hugo A Benítez, Carlos Muñoz-Ramírez, Margarita Correa, Ian S Acuña-Rodríguez, Amado Villalobos-Leiva, Tamara Contador, Nelson A Velásquez, Manuel J Suazo
The converse Bergmann's rule is a pattern of body size variation observed in many ectothermic organisms that contradicts the classic Bergmann's rule and suggests that individuals inhabiting warmer climates tend to exhibit larger body sizes compared to those inhabiting colder environments. Due to the thermoregulatory nature of Bergmann's rule, its application among ectotherms might prove to be more complicated, given that these organisms obtain heat by absorbing it from their habitat. The existence of this inverse pattern therefore challenges the prevailing notion that larger body size is universally advantageous in colder climates...
February 1, 2024: Insects
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38389972/the-interaction-of-suk-saiyasna-remedy-with-gabaa-and-cb1-receptor-targeting-drugs-enhancing-hypnotic-and-sedative-effects-in-in-vivo-models
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Watchara Damjuti, Worathat Thitikornpong, Sinsamut Saengow, Thanundorn Thanusuwannasak, Thanes Fuangfoo, Jurairat Boonruab
The Suk-Saiyasna remedy, an herbal treatment, was historically used but ceased due to its cannabis content. After a relaxation of drug control laws in Thailand, its use re-emerged. This study examines the Suk-Saiyasna remedy's impact on rodent behavior and its receptor effects. This study was conducted to assess the sedative-like effects of the remedy on mice. The mice were divided into groups receiving 0.6, 3, 30, and 60 mg/kg extracts, with negative controls for comparison. We also investigated the impact on receptors, utilizing negative controls and pretreatment with receptor blockers, followed by either a negative control or a 60 mg/kg extract...
2024: Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38387180/trends-in-low-temperature-and-non-thermal-technologies-for-the-degradation-of-persistent-organic-pollutants
#30
REVIEW
Ayo Olasupo, David R Corbin, Mark B Shiflett
The daunting effects of persistent organic pollutants on humans, animals, and the environment cannot be overemphasized. Their fate, persistence, long-range transport, and bioavailability have made them an environmental stressor of concern which has attracted the interest of the research community. Concerted efforts have been made by relevant organizations utilizing legislative laws to ban their production and get rid of them completely for the sake of public health. However, they have remained refractive in different compartments of the environment...
February 21, 2024: Journal of Hazardous Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38377057/mission-impossible-accomplished-a-european-cross-national-comparative-study-on-the-integration-of-the-harm-benefit-analysis-into-law-and-policy-documents
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dominik Hajosi, Herwig Grimm
The harm-benefit analysis (HBA) is a cornerstone of the European Directive 2010/63/EU (the Directive). The Directive regulates the care and handling of animals used for scientific purposes in the European Union (EU). Since its implementation, there has been ongoing debate around the practical applicability of the HBA for research project review processes. The objectives of this study are to analyze the operationalization of HBA in EU member states and investigate the consistency of HBA's implementation in terms of national legislation and available policy documents...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38368700/analytical-insights-for-ensuring-authenticity-of-greek-agriculture-products-unveiling-chemical-marker-applications
#32
REVIEW
Artemis P Louppis, Michael G Kontominas
Food authentication, including the differentiation of geographical or botanical origin, the method of production i.e. organic vs. conventional farming as well as the detection of food fraud/adulteration, has been a rapidly growing field over the past two decades due to increasing public awareness regarding food quality and safety, nutrition, and health. Concerned parties include consumers, producers, and legislators. Thus, the development of rapid, accurate, sensitive, and reproducible analytical methods to guarantee the authenticity of foods is of primary interest to scientists and technologists...
February 15, 2024: Food Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38367973/baby-habit-ile-intervention-study-protocol-of-a-randomised-controlled-trial-in-infants-aged-6-18-months-with-unilateral-cerebral-palsy
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Astrid Carton de Tournai, Enimie Herman, Estelle Gathy, Daniela Ebner-Karestinos, Rodrigo Araneda, Laurence Dricot, Benoît Macq, Yves Vandermeeren, Yannick Bleyenheuft
INTRODUCTION: Research using animal models suggests that intensive motor skill training in infants under 2 years old with cerebral palsy (CP) may significantly reduce, or even prevent, maladaptive neuroplastic changes following brain injury. However, the effects of such interventions to tentatively prevent secondary neurological damages have never been assessed in infants with CP. This study aims to determine the effect of the baby Hand and Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities (baby HABIT-ILE) in infants with unilateral CP, compared with a control intervention...
February 17, 2024: BMJ Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38356384/nation-wide-variation-in-presence-of-legislation-or-protocols-for-ems-care-of-operational-canines
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David W Schoenfeld, Caroline E Thomas, Lee Palmer, William Justice, Esther Hwang, Kate D Zimmerman, Jeffrey M Goodloe, Jonathan D Shecter, Stephen H Thomas
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Deployment of law enforcement operational canines (OpK9s) risks injuries to the animals. This study's aim was to assess the current status of states' OpK9 (veterinary Emergency Medical Services [VEMS]) laws and care protocols within the United States. METHODS: Cross-sectional standardized review of state laws/regulations and OpK9 VEMS treatment protocols was undertaken. For each state and for the District of Columbia (DC), the presence of OpK9 legislation and/or care protocols was ascertained...
February 15, 2024: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38354606/a-synthesis-of-wild-animal-related-trade-laws-in-some-of-the-world-s-most-biodiverse-countries
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gohar A Petrossian, Angie Elwin, Monique Sosnowski, Thanaphon Nunphong, Ho-Tu Chiang, Jim Karani Riungu, Neil D'Cruze
We examined the laws and legal provisions governing the commercial trade of terrestrial wild fauna across the trade chain in some of the world's megadiverse countries and how these relate to key animal welfare and conservation concerns. Over the past century, an increase in the quantity and complexity of laws related to commercial wildlife trade has been observed in the 11 focal countries examined. Our review identified 95 laws with 560 provisions adopted since 1910 across these countries. Surprisingly, the level of biological diversity in a country does not correlate with the extent of legislation addressing wildlife trade...
February 13, 2024: Journal of Environmental Management
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38352527/cortical-acetylcholine-dynamics-are-predicted-by-cholinergic-axon-activity-and-behavior-state
#36
Erin Neyhart, Na Zhou, Brandon R Munn, Robert G Law, Cameron Smith, Zakir H Mridha, Francisco A Blanco, Guochuan Li, Yulong Li, Matthew J McGinley, James M Shine, Jacob Reimer
Even under spontaneous conditions and in the absence of changing environmental demands, awake animals alternate between increased or decreased periods of alertness. These changes in brain state can occur rapidly, on a timescale of seconds, and neuromodulators such as acetylcholine (ACh) are thought to play an important role in driving these spontaneous state transitions. Here, we perform the first simultaneous imaging of ACh sensors and GCaMP-expressing axons in vivo , to examine the spatiotemporal properties of cortical ACh activity and release during spontaneous changes in behavioral state...
February 1, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38338150/slaying-the-swiss-unicorn-of-animal-dignity
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David Shaw, Christian Rodriguez Perez, Kirsten Persson
In this article, we describe and analyse the Swiss legislation relating to animal dignity. We conclude that previous criticisms of the law do not go far enough: far from protecting animal dignity, the Swiss law not only undermines such dignity but itself serves as a means to ensure that animals can be used merely as a means, and not treated with respect. As such, the Swiss Animal Welfare Act is deeply unethical and undermines the constitutional requirement to treat animals with dignity.
February 3, 2024: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38338086/farm-animal-welfare-during-transport-and-at-the-slaughterhouse-perceptions-of-slaughterhouse-employees-livestock-drivers-and-veterinarians
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maja Lipovšek, Andrej Kirbiš, Iztok Tomažič, Alenka Dovč, Manja Križman
Animal welfare is a multidimensional concept that includes several physical and psychological parameters of the animal. The aim of this study was to assess animal welfare during transportation and in Slovenian beef, pork, and poultry slaughterhouses. A questionnaire was used for this study. Several parameters of animal welfare were rated on a 5-point scale, such as health status, animal behavior, lairage or transport vehicle conditions, and driver regulation compliance. The scale was also used for the second part of the study...
January 29, 2024: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38332752/active-surveillance-of-paratuberculosis-in-alpine-dwelling-red-deer-cervus-elaphus
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anita Filippi, Chiara Garbarino, Matteo Nava, Simone Russo, Joel Fernando Soares Filipe, Alessandro Bianchi, Luca Corlatti, Alessandro Gugiatti, Clelia Buccheri Pederzoli, Claudio Pigoli, Luca Pedrotti, Norma Arrigoni, Matteo Ricchi, Irene Bertoletti, Camilla Luzzago
Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is a globally widespread infectious disease affecting domestic and wild ruminants, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The bacterium is excreted in the feces and is characterized by high environmental resistance. The new Animal Health Law (Regulation EU 2016/429) on transmissible animal diseases, recently in force throughout the European Union, includes paratuberculosis within the diseases requiring surveillance in the EU, listing some domestic and wild Bovidae, Cervidae, and Camelidae as potential reservoirs...
2024: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38324864/advances-and-challenges-in-animal-source-food-inspection-legislation-for-brazilian-small-scale-and-artisanal-producers
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tassia Cristina Bello de Vasconcelos
The strict sanitary inspection legislation of animal source food has been considered a trade barrier for smallholder farmers and small-scale producers in Brazil. In this sense, law flexibilization is suggested to facilitate national trade of these products. We conducted a social and sanitary analysis, presenting the current Brazilian conjuncture and difficulties for animal source food Brazilian inspection law flexibilization. By discussing inequalities, human rights issues, animal source food legislation, and international food safety standards, we evidenced critical barriers for legislative reform in Brazil...
2024: Cadernos de Saúde Pública
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