Naltrexone

BACKGROUND: People who inject drugs (PWID) remain a high priority population under the federal Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative with 11% of new HIV infections attributable to injection drug use. There is a critical need for innovative, efficacious, scalable, and community-driven models of healthcare in non-stigmatizing settings for PWID. We seek to test a Comprehensive-TeleHarm Reduction (C-THR) intervention for HIV prevention services delivered via a syringe services program (SSP)...

This monthly article provides a collection of summaries of the most relevant studies identified as POEMs (patient-oriented evidence that matters) for Italian primary care physicians. 1) A simple, well-validated risk score can help clinicians counsel patients with atrial fibrillation regarding the use of DOACs to prevent stroke. The score shares its name with the drug class (the "DOAC" score). 2) Presumably by perturbing the intestinal microbiome, antibiotic treatment is associated with an increase in the likelihood of the development of irritable bowel disease; this is especially true with multiple courses of antibiotics...

PURPOSE: Anti-obesity medications (AOMs), along with lifestyle interventions, are effective means of inducing and maintaining weight loss in patients with obesity. Although the efficacy of AOMs has been reported, there have been no direct comparisons of these drugs. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of all the AOMs available in Korea in a real-world setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The body weight and composition of 205 adults treated with phentermine, phentermine/topiramate, liraglutide, naltrexone/bupropion, lorcaserin, or orlistat for at least 6 months were analyzed at 2 month intervals...

The prevalence of obesity with various complications is increasing rapidly in Korea. Although lifestyle modification is fundamental in obesity treatment, more effective treatment tools are required. Many advances in obesity treatment have been reported recently, including lifestyle modifications and pharmacological, endoscopic, and surgical treatments. Drugs with proven long-term efficacy and safety are preferred because management for obesity treatment is a long-term process. Currently, four medications are available for long-term use in Korea: Orlistat, Naltrexone/bupuropion NR, Phentermine/topiramate capsule, and Liraglutide...

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) increase retention in care and decrease mortality during active treatment; however, information about the comparative effectiveness of different forms of MOUD is sparse. Observational comparative effectiveness studies are subject to many types of bias; a robust framework to minimize bias would improve the quality of comparative effectiveness evidence. This paper discusses the use of target trial emulation as a framework to conduct comparative effectiveness studies of MOUD with administrative data...

INTRODUCTION: Opioid and alcohol use disorders are increasingly being addressed in primary care, yet how medications to treat these disorders are prescribed in rural regions is unknown. METHODS: We determined prevalence, types, and duration of medication prescription for opioid and/or alcohol use disorder among adult patients in rural primary clinics. The sample included 1874 adult patients who visited one of six rural primary care sites in the Northeastern and Northwestern United States at least once from October 2019 to January 2021 and had a diagnosis code for opioid use disorder (OUD), alcohol use disorder (AUD), or co-occurring opioid and alcohol use disorder (OUD + AUD) during that time...

PURPOSE: A significant proportion of patients experience insufficient weight loss or weight regain after bariatric surgery. There is a paucity of literature describing anti-obesity medication (AOM) use following bariatric surgery. We sought to identify prevalence and trends of AOM use following bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We utilized the IBM Explorys® database to identify all adults with prior bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy)...

PF614, a trypsin-activated abuse protection oxycodone prodrug designed to reduce recreational drug abuse, was compared to OxyContin for safety and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of plasma oxycodone following oral administration. This study was a two-part design including a multi-ascending dose (part A) and a bioequivalence (BE) study (part B) in healthy volunteers. In part A, 24 subjects were randomized 3:1 to receive PF614 (50, 100, or 200 mg, n = 6/cohort) or OxyContin (20, 40, or 80 mg; n = 2/cohort) in ascending cohorts, delivered every 12 h for a total of nine doses...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

IMPORTANCE: Agonist medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), buprenorphine and methadone, in carceral settings might reduce the risk of postrelease opioid overdose but are uncommonly offered. In April 2019, the Massachusetts Department of Correction (MADOC), the state prison system, provided buprenorphine for incarcerated individuals in addition to previously offered injectable naltrexone. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate postrelease outcomes after buprenorphine implementation...

Designing biosensors to detect novel molecules is important in biotechnology. Allosteric transcription factors (aTF), which are widely used as biosensors, have proven challenging to design because mutating ligand-binding residues often disrupt allostery. Moreover, existing screening methods lack the sensitivity to identify rare, functional variants amidst a large pool of non-functional designs. We introduce Sensor-seq, a platform for designing and screening aTF biosensors with non-native ligand specificity...

Ketamine has anesthetic, analgesic, and antidepressant properties which may involve multiple neuromodulatory systems. In humans, the opioid receptor (OR) antagonist naltrexone blocks the antidepressant effect of ketamine. It is unclear whether naltrexone blocks a direct effect of ketamine at ORs, or whether normal functioning of the OR system is required to realize the full antidepressant effects of treatment. In mice, the effect of ketamine on locomotion, but not analgesia or the forced swim test, was sensitive to naltrexone and was therefore used as a behavioral readout to localize the effect of naltrexone in the brain...

BACKGROUND: Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX; Vivitrol®) is a long-acting injectable form of naltrexone, which is a medication used to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). In 2010, XR-NTX received Food and Drug Administration approval to treat OUD, becoming the first non-addictive and non-psychoactive medication for this condition. Because uptake of XR-NTX has been relatively low, less is known regarding how persons with OUD view this form of treatment. And because previous studies tend to rely on samples that lack racial diversity or are conducted outside the United States, we know very little about how African Americans view XR-NTX...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) has recently been recognized as a psychiatric disorder. Pharmacological treatments for CSBD have received little study and thus have limited empirical support. The main objective of the present work is to review existing literature on the efficacy of different drugs on the symptomatology of CSBD, including the subtype of problematic pornography use (PPU). The main pharmacological approaches to treating CSBD have included opioid antagonists (naltrexone and nalmefene), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (paroxetine, citalopram, fluoxetine, and sertraline), mood stabilizers (topiramate), tricyclic antidepressants (clomipramine), serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (nefazodone), and N-acetylcysteine...

Opioids represent the most extensive category of abused substances in the United States, and the number of fatalities caused by these drugs exceeds those associated with all other drug overdoses combined. The administration of naltrexone, a potent pan-opioid receptor antagonist, to an individual dependent on opioids can trigger opioid withdrawal and induce severe side effects. There is a pressing demand for opioid antagonists free of opioid withdrawal effects. In our laboratory, we have identified a compound with affinity to mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors in the range of 150-250 nM...

The opioid epidemic in the United States has led to an increasing number of pregnant patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) presenting to obstetric units. Caring for this complex patient population requires an interdisciplinary approach involving obstetricians, anesthesiologists, addiction medicine physicians, psychiatrists, and social workers. The management of acute pain in the parturient with OUD can be challenging due to several factors, including respiratory depression, opioid tolerance, and opioid-induced hyperalgesia...

This study examined the effects of acute restraint stress in the presence or absence of naltrexone on the circulating concentrations of insulin, glucose, Met-enkephalin and corticosterone in 14-week-old chickens [design: 2 sex × 2 stress/non-stress × 2 +/- naltrexone]. In chickens (five male and five females per treatment) subjected to restraint for 30 min, there were increases in the plasma concentrations of corticosterone and Met-enkephalin. The plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose were also increased in the chickens during restraint...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Sedation, recovery response, and physiologic outcomes were evaluated in five captive reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus ) in Minnesota using a completely reversible immobilization protocol. Reindeer were immobilized with butorphanol (0.23-0.32 mg/kg), midazolam (0.23-0.32 mg/kg), and medetomidine (0.15 mg/kg) (BMM) via IM dart. Induction time (IT), recumbency time (DT), and recovery time (RT) were recorded. Temperature (T), respiratory rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), pulse oximetry (SpO2 ), arterial blood gas values including oxygen (PaO2 ), and carbon dioxide (PaCO2 ) tensions and lactate (Lac) were recorded preoxygen supplementation and 15 min postoxygen supplementation...