Hepatitis E

Mathematical models of viral infection have been developed, fitted to data, and provide insight into disease pathogenesis for multiple agents that cause chronic infection, including HIV, hepatitis C, and B virus. However, for agents that cause acute infections or during the acute stage of agents that cause chronic infections, viral load data are often collected after symptoms develop, usually around or after the peak viral load. Consequently, we frequently lack data in the initial phase of viral growth, i.e...

Autoimmune liver diseases are associated with an increased risk of diabetes, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the glucose-regulatory disturbances in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH, n=19), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, n=15), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC, n=6). Healthy individuals (n=24) and patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, n=18) were included as controls. Blood samples were collected during a 120 min oral glucose tolerance test...

BACKGROUND: Hepatic osteodystrophy refers to bone disorders associated with chronic liver disease, including children undergoing liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of pathological fractures (PF) in children before and after LT and to identify associated factors for their occurrence. METHODS: Children aged 0-18 years who underwent LT from 1/2005 to 12/2020 were included in this retrospective study. Data on patient demographics, types and anatomical locations of fracture and biological workups were extracted...

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization Africa region has high regional hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence, and evidence suggests more frequent horizontal HBV transmission than other regions. Context-specific epidemiological studies are needed to inform additional HBV prevention measures. METHODS: In the cross-sectional Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B (HOVER-HBV) study, we introduced HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) screening alongside existing HIV screening as part of routine antenatal care in high-volume maternity clinics in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo...

Paslahepevirus balayani genotypes 3 and 4 (HEV-3 and 4) have zoonotic potential and can be transmitted to humans and animals through the consumption of contaminated raw or undercooked meat. Although it has been demonstrated that dogs are susceptible to the infection and produce specific antibodies, the epidemiological role of this species is not yet well defined. This study aimed to evaluate the circulation of HEV at the serological and molecular level in the dog population of the Campania region, southern Italy...

UNLABELLED: This study aimed to determine the optimal combination of three anti-inflammatory materials [i.e., Cervus nippon Temminck (CT), Angelica gigas Nakai (AN), and Rehmannia glutinosa (RG)] for the strongest anti-inflammatory potential. Eighteen combinations of the three materials were tested in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells via assessing nitric oxide (NO). The best combination from in vitro studies was administered to LPS-treated C57BL/6J mice for five days. Subsequently, plasma metabolites were profiled by bioinformatics analyses and validations...

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a rare gram-negative bacterium recognized for its propensity to induce hospital-acquired infections, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems and those equipped with indwelling medical devices. Its notorious resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics poses a considerable challenge in treatment protocols, contributing to its emergence as a significant cause of heightened mortality rates among critically ill patients. Herein, we present a case of E. meningoseptica infection in a patient afflicted with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, concurrently grappling with ESRD, and a positive status for hepatitis B...

Polatuzumab vedotin is a CD79b-directed antibody-drug conjugate that targets B cells and delivers the cytotoxic payload monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). The phase III POLARIX study (NCT03274492) evaluated polatuzumab vedotin in combination with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (R-CHP) as first-line treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To examine dosing decisions for this regimen, population pharmacokinetic (popPK) analysis, using a previously developed popPK model, and exposure-response (ER) analysis, were performed...

OBJECTIVES: In high-income countries hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an uncommonly diagnosed porcine-derived zoonoses. After identifying disproportionate chronic HEV infections in persons with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) postlung transplant, we sought to understand its epidemiology and potential drivers. DESIGN: All pwCF post-transplant attending our regional CF centre were screened for HEV. HEV prevalence was compared against non-transplanted pwCF and with all persons screened for suspected HEV infection from 2016 to 2022 in Alberta, Canada...

Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the causes of liver cancer, which is the world's sixth most prevalent and third most lethal cancer. The current treatments do not prevent reinfection; because they are expensive, their usage is limited to developed nations. Therefore, a prophylactic vaccine is essential to control this virus. Hence, in this study, an immunoinformatics method was applied to design a multi-epitope vaccine against HCV. The best B- and T-cell epitopes from conserved regions of the E2 protein of seven HCV genotypes were joined with the appropriate linkers to design a multi-epitope vaccine...

We report 18F-FDG PET/CT appearances of intracholecystic papillary neoplasm (ICPN) in the gallbladder neck and duct of a 74-year-old woman with a history of hepatitis B cirrhosis. The lesion presented with a large and sessile soft mass in the neck and duct of gallbladder with obvious glucose metabolism on PET/CT images, which was confirmed pathologically as ICPN (gastric foveolar type) with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. ICPN localized in the gallbladder neck and duct is extremely rare, and is easily misdiagnosed as gallbladder carcinoma...

BACKGROUND: Environmental pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver disease. Our group recently demonstrated that PCB126 promoted steatosis, hepatomegaly, and modulated intermediary metabolism in a rodent model of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). OBJECTIVE: To better understand how PCB126 promoted ALD in our previous model, the current study adopts multiple omics approaches to elucidate potential mechanistic hypotheses...

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis and treatment monitoring of hepatitis C is quite challenging. The screening test, i.e. antibody assay, is unable to detect acute cases, while the gold standard hepatitis C virus (HCV) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) assay is not feasible in resource-limited countries such as India due to high cost and infrastructure requirement. European Association for the Study of the Liver and World Health Organization have approved a new marker, i...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of male hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and serostatus on sperm quality, pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal outcomes following intrauterine insemination for infertility. DESIGN AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from 962 infertile couples undergoing intrauterine insemination treatment at a single center. The case group comprised 212 infertile couples with male HBV infection, and the control group comprised 750 noninfected infertile couples...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) monotherapy triggers various responses by each organ. In advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while extrahepatic lesions demonstrate objective response rates (ORR) of 20%-40%, only 10% of intrahepatic lesions respond. Although first-line atezolizumab/bevacizumab has shown survival benefits in advanced HCC, organ-specific responses remain unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to assess organ-specific responses in patients with advanced HCC receiving atezolizumab/bevacizumab...

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OBJECTIVES: Hepatic CEACAM1 expression declines with advanced hepatic fibrosis stage in patients with MASH. Global and hepatocyte-specific deletions of Ceacam1 impair insulin clearance to cause hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis. They also cause hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, a condition characterized by excessive collagen production from activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Given the positive effect of PPARγ on CEACAM1 transcriptoin and on HSCs quiescence, the current studies investigated whether CEACAM1 loss from HSCs causes their activation...

BACKGROUND: Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary liver malignancy. Its incidence and mortality rates have been increasing in recent years. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a risk factor for development of cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma. Currently, surgical resection remains the only curative treatment option for cholangiocarcinoma. We aim to study the impact of HCV infection on outcomes of liver resection (LR) in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). AIM: To study the outcomes of curative resection of ICC in patients with HCV ( i...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common infection worldwide. The correlation between HCV and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is still mysterious. Therefore, the relationship between HCV and RCC was investigated. The study included 100 patients with RCC; 32 with HCV infection, and 68 without HCV infection. Expressions of viral proteins (NS3 and NS5A) were tested using an immune electron-microscope (IEM) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC and quantitative real time-PCR investigated the presentation of human proteins TP53 and p21 genes...

Research on thermal receipts has previously focused on the toxic effects of dermal exposure from the most publicized developers (e.g., bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS)), while no studies have reported on the other solvent-extractable compounds therein. Diphenyl sulfone (DPS) is a sensitizer added to thermal receipts, but little is known about DPS concentrations in receipts or potential toxicity. Here, we quantified BPA, BPS, and DPS concentrations and tentatively identified the solvent-extractable compounds of thermal receipts collected from three South Dakota (USA) cities during 2016-2017...