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Haroon Tayyab, Faiqa Binte Aamir, Salman Kirmani
Objective: The objective of this case report is to highlight the importance of patent foramen ovale (PFO) as a potential cause of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Methods: A teenage girl presented with a sudden painless onset of vision loss in the right eye, which was accompanied by frontal headaches and vertigo. The patient was referred to the Ophthalmology Department, where subsequent examination revealed a best corrected visual acuity of 20/ 400 and a positive relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in the right eye...
2023: Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ali Mansour, Susan Rowell, Plamena P Powla, Peleg Horowitz, Fernando D Goldenberg, Christos Lazaridis
IMPORTANCE: Civilian penetrating brain injury (PBI) is associated with high mortality. However, scant literature is available to guide neurocritical care monitoring and management of PBI. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring with mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and dispositional outcomes in patients with severe PBI. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This comparative effectiveness research study analyzed data from the Trauma Quality Improvement Program of the National Trauma Data Bank in the US from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019...
March 1, 2023: JAMA Network Open
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yong Sung Cha, Sang-Bae Ko, Tae-Hwa Go, Dong Keon Lee
BACKGROUND: A non-reactive pupil in standard pupillary light reflex (sPLR) is regarded as a factor predicting neurological sequelae at 1-month after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. An automated pupillometer is used in the intensive care unit to quantitatively assess PLR. Quantitative PLR (qPLR) was superior to sPLR using penlight for prognosis of various neurological diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze whether quantitative pupillary variables (neurological Pupil index [NPi] and qPLR) are superior to sPLR in predicting 1-month neurocognitive sequelae after acute CO poisoning...
2023: Frontiers in Medicine
#24
REVIEW
Xi Yang, Andrew J Fridman, Nash Unsworth, Melynda D Casement
Elaborative affective processing is observed in depression, and pupillary reactivity, a continuous, sensitive, and reliable indicator of physiological arousal and neurocognitive processing, is increasingly utilized in studies of depression-related characteristics. As a first attempt to quantitively summarize existing evidence on depression-related pupillary reactivity alterations, this review and meta-analysis evaluated the direction, magnitude, and specificity of pupillary indices of affective processing towards positively, negatively, and neutrally-valenced stimuli among individuals diagnosed with depression or with elevated risk of depression...
March 15, 2023: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matilde Longhena, Carlo Bellucci, Elisabetta Delfini, Alessandra Pareti, Stefano Gandolfi, Paolo Mora
PURPOSE: To describe the unexpected one-year course of a probable Tobacco Alcohol Optic Neuropathy (TAON) and the unprecedented Laser Speckle Flowgraphy (LSFG) assessment. CASE REPORT: A 49-year-old Caucasian man with no family history of visual impairment referred because of unilateral and painless visual acuity (VA) decrease in the right eye (RE). Also, color vision and visual evoked potentials were unilaterally altered. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), instead, revealed bilateral thinning of the macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer...
January 2024: European Journal of Ophthalmology
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hitoshi Kobata, Fusao Ikawa, Akira Sato, Yoko Kato, Hirotoshi Sano
BACKGROUND: There is considerable debate regarding the definition of grade V subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Recently, the Glasgow Coma Scale-Pupil (GCS-P) score was advocated for assessing traumatic brain injury. OBJECTIVE: To study the significance of pupillary findings and GCS-P in the management and outcomes of the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grade V SAH. METHODS: We analyzed data obtained from a Japanese nationwide prospective registration study on the modified WFNS SAH grading system...
February 24, 2023: Neurosurgery
#27
REVIEW
Annie K Ryan, Wade Rich, Matthew A Reilly
The brain and the retina share many physiological similarities, which allows the retina to serve as a model of CNS disease and disorder. In instances of trauma, the eye can even indicate damage to the brain via abnormalities observed such as irregularities in pupillary reflexes in suspected traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders and in both traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) and in TBI. In a healthy system, ROS play a pivotal role in cellular communication, but in neurodegenerative diseases and post-trauma instances, ROS elevation can exacerbate neurodegeneration in both the brain and the retina...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroscience
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katarzyna Krzywicka, Diana Aguiar de Sousa, Charlotte Cordonnier, Felix J Bode, Thalia S Field, Dominik Michalski, Johann Pelz, Mona Skjelland, Markus Wiedmann, Julian Zimmermann, Matthias Wittstock, Bruno Zanotti, Alfonso Ciccone, Monica Bandettini di Poggio, Afshin Borhani-Haghighi, Sophie Chatterton, Avinash Aujayeb, Annemie Devroye, Vanessa Dizonno, Thomas Geeraerts, Fabrizio Giammello, Albrecht Günther, Nasli R Ichaporia, Timothy Kleinig, Espen S Kristoffersen, Robin Lemmens, Emmanuel De Maistre, Zahra Mirzaasgari, Jean-Francois Payen, Jukka Putaala, Marco Petruzzellis, Nicolas Raposo, Elyar Sadeghi-Hokmabadi, Silvia Schoenenberger, Meenakshisundaram Umaiorubahan, Padmavathy N Sylaja, Anita van de Munckhof, Mayte Sánchez van Kammen, Erik Lindgren, Katarina Jood, Adrian Scutelnic, Mirjam R Heldner, Sven Poli, Marieke J H A Kruip, Antonio Arauz, Adriana B Conforto, Sanjith Aaron, Saskia Middeldorp, Turgut Tatlisumak, Marcel Arnold, Jonathan M Coutinho, José M Ferro
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis due to vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (CVST-VITT) is an adverse drug reaction occurring after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. CVST-VITT patients often present with large intracerebral haemorrhages and a high proportion undergoes decompressive surgery. Clinical characteristics, therapeutic management and outcomes of CVST-VITT patients who underwent decompressive surgery are described and predictors of in-hospital mortality in these patients are explored...
May 2023: European Journal of Neurology
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Johannes B Finke, Sebastian Hahn, Hartmut Schächinger, Tim Klucken
Physical stress has been found to enhance arousability by visual sexual stimuli on a short-term basis, as reflected in higher phasic pupil dilation responses, probably mediated by sympathetic nervous system (SNS)-related processes. However, previous research has not addressed the specificity of this effect in terms of emotional valence, that is, whether it reflects an instance of general excitation transfer or a more specific mechanism. Thus, to further investigate changes in sexual processing after acute stress exposure, 40 male participants underwent either a predominantly sympathetic stressor (3 min sustained handgrip) or similar control procedure...
January 27, 2023: Psychophysiology
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tharwat El Zahran, Dalia El Hadi, Hala Mostafa, Hana Mansour, Ibrahim Hashim, Soubhi Tahhan, Alaa Bou Ghannam
Neuro-ophthalmological emergencies require prompt assessment and management to avoid vision or life-threatening sequelae. The decision to perform a neuroimaging procedure is based on the clinical judgment of the medical team, without defined indications. This study aims to identify presenting symptoms and physical exam findings associated with relative positive findings on neuroimaging studies. Electronic medical records of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with isolated neuro-ophthalmologic complaints between January 1, 2013 and September 30, 2019 were reviewed...
January 27, 2023: Medicine (Baltimore)
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicole R Fram, Yuri McKee, David F Chang, Soon-Phaik Chee, Kendall E Donaldson, David A Crandall, Zaina Al-Mohtaseb, Allison J Chen
An 85-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes, pseudoexfoliation (PXF) in both eyes, and tamsulosin use was referred for the evaluation of a dense cataract in the right eye and a subluxated intraocular lens (IOL) in the left eye. Unfortunately, his surgery in the left eye was complicated by diffuse zonulopathy. The referring surgeon placed a 3-piece IOL in the sulcus. However, the passively fixated 3-piece IOL moved inferiorly causing monocular diplopia for over a year. Because the patient was pleased with the IOL immediately postoperatively, a refixation procedure was performed in the form of sulcus placement with iris suture fixation in the left eye...
February 1, 2023: Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthieu Daniel, David Charier, Bruno Pereira, Mathilde Pachcinski, Tarek Sharshar, Serge Molliex
INTRODUCTION: ICU patients with SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia are at risk to develop a central dysautonomia which can contribute to mortality and respiratory failure. The pupillary size and its reactivity to light are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Pupillometry parameters (PP) allow to predict outcomes in various acute brain injuries. We aim at assessing the most predictive PP of in-hospital mortality and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IV). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We led a prospective, two centers, observational study...
December 17, 2022: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic & Clinical
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vivien Rabadan, Camille Ricou, Marianne Latinus, Nadia Aguillon-Hernandez, Claire Wardak
INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed to wear a face mask that may have negative consequences for social interactions despite its health benefits. A lot of recent studies focused on emotion recognition of masked faces, as the mouth is, with the eyes, essential to convey emotional content. However, none have studied neurobehavioral and neurophysiological markers of masked faces perception, such as ocular exploration and pupil reactivity. The purpose of this eye tracking study was to quantify how wearing a facial accessory, and in particular a face mask, affected the ocular and pupillary response to a face, emotional or not...
2022: Frontiers in Neuroscience
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A G M Groshi, B Enicker
BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in South Africa. Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are among the commonest aetiology of TBI in South Africa. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing the outcomes in patients with severe TBI following RTCs. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of patients who were admitted to the neurosurgery department at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital between January 2013 and December 2017 with TBI following RTCs and with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) < 9...
December 2022: South African Journal of Surgery. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Chirurgie
#35
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Charikleia S Vrettou, Vassilis G Giannakoulis, Parisis Gallos, Anastasia Kotanidou, Ilias I Siempos
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Despite the almost universal administration of supplemental oxygen in patients presenting in the emergency department (ED) with severe traumatic brain injury, optimal early oxygenation levels are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effect of different early oxygenation levels on the clinical outcomes of patients presenting in the emergency department with severe traumatic brain injury. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Traumatic Brain Injury Hypertonic Saline randomized controlled trial by including patients with Glasgow Coma Scale ≤8...
March 2023: Annals of Emergency Medicine
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Erinn P Mills, Kelli Combs-Ramey, Grace P S Kwong, Daniel S J Pang
Background: Pupillometry, the measurement of pupil size and reactivity to a stimulus, has various uses in both human and veterinary medicine. These reflect autonomic tone, with the potential to assess nociception and emotion. Infrared pupillometry reduces inaccuracies that may occur when the pupillary light reflex is determined subjectively by the examiner. To our knowledge, there are no published studies outlining normal reference intervals for automated pupillometry in dogs. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop de novo automated pupillometry reference intervals from 126 healthy canine eyes...
2022: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dae Han Choi, Tae Seok Jeong, Woo Kyung Kim
Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in surgically treated patients with severe brain injury (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score ≤8) diagnosed with traumatic epidural hematoma (EDH). Methods: From January 2018 to June 2021, 1,122 patients with an initial GCS score ≤8 were retrospectively enrolled in the Korean Neuro-Trauma Data Bank System. Clinical data of 79 surgically treated patients with EDH were compared between the unfavorable (scores of 1-4 on the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended [GOSE]) and favorable (score of 5-8 on the GOSE) outcome groups...
October 2022: Korean Journal of Neurotrauma
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Muhammad S Ghauri, Arisa Ueno, Sumayya Mohammed, Dan E Miulli, Javed Siddiqi
Background Neurological pupil index (NPi) is a novel method of assessing pupillary size and reactivity using pupillometry to reduce human subjectivity. This paper aims to evaluate the use of NPi as a potential prognostic tool in a broad population of neurocritical care patients by observing the correlation between NPi, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Methods Our data was collected from 194 patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) at Arrowhead Regional Medical Center (ARMC), as determined by the power calculation...
September 2022: Curēus
#39
Mimily Harsono, Sandeep Chilakala, Shiva Bohn, Eniko K Pivnick, Massroor Pourcyrous
We present a neonate with early onset apnea and bradycardia in the absence of primary cardiorespiratory and central nervous system disorders that eventually required chronic ventilator support starting at 6 hours of life. Molecular testing of paired-like homeobox 2b (PHOX2B) gene mutation confirmed the diagnosis of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS). CCHS is a rare genetic disorder characterized by impaired central respiratory control with or without broad spectrum of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulations...
July 2022: American Journal of Perinatology Reports
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leonie Polzer, Christine M Freitag, Nico Bast
Attenuated social attention has been described as a reduced preference for social compared to geometric motion in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The locus coeruleus-norpinephrine (LC-NE) system modulates sensory reactivity and is a promising underlying mechanism. LC-NE activity is indexed by a stimulus-evoked pupillary response (SEPR) and partially by a luminance-adaptation pupillary response (LAPR), which were both shown to be aberrant in ASD. We examined whether SEPR and LAPR explain an attenuated social motion preference...
September 16, 2022: Autism Research: Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research
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