Capnography in newborns, capnography in child, capnography in infants

Data were collected from a retrospective audit in anaesthetists members of the French Association of Anaesthetists in Paediatrics (ADARPEF) and from the prospective study of the author's practice of appendectomy using open or laparoscopic surgery. Retrospective data obtained in 9 of the 16 answering centres show that contraindications include respiratory disability, cardiopathy and age lower than 5 years when surgical instruments of proper size are not available. Monitoring included electrocardioscope, non invasive arterial pressure, pulse oximetry and capnography...

Monitoring the critical care patient by pulse oximetry and capnography permits the early diagnosis and follow-up of various clinical events in a precise manner, with considerable safety and with no need for invasive procedures. These techniques have been extensively evaluated in adults, but only recently have they been studied in pediatric patients, including newborn infants. In the present review we discuss the working principles, indications, advantages and limitations of each technique, as well as the interpretation of the results...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

In 31 infants and children (body weights ranging from 3.8 to 25 kg), indirect calorimetry was used for the calculation of energy needs (E, kcal/h), fluid volume (FV, ml/h) and electrolyte requirements (sodium, Na+, and potassium, K+, mmol/liter per hour) during halothane anesthesia. The children were spontaneously breathing and undergoing minor lower abdominal or orthopedic surgery. A nonrebreathing anesthesia circuit was used, and gas concentrations were measured by a mass spectrometer. For the evaluation of ventilation during periods of measurements, pneumotachography and in-line capnography were used...

The authors review the non-invasive methods currently used in paediatric intensive care units to monitor the oxygenation and ventilation of neonates and infants. They deal successively with the qualities and defects technique (transcutaneous measurement of PO2, SaPO2 and PCO2) and with the usefulness of capnography. These various methods of investigation and monitoring must complete each other to ensure the safety of children in situations of distress.

It is generally accepted, that the progress in surgical treatment of congenital malformation is closely related to the progress in highly-specialised methods of newborn anaesthesia. The safe methods of anaesthesia have to be adapted to anatomical and physiological peculiarities of the earliest days of life as well as to different reaction to drugs and anaesthetics. The preoperative preparation in newborns used to be often very short, because most of the problems of the neonatal period are emergency surgical interventions and there is no time for treatment even of the serious disturbances of basic physiological functions...