keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542386/perineuronal-nets-in-the-cns-architects-of-memory-and-potential-therapeutic-target-in-neuropsychiatric-disorders
#21
REVIEW
Xue Li, Xianwen Wu, Tangsheng Lu, Chenyan Kuang, Yue Si, Wei Zheng, Zhonghao Li, Yanxue Xue
The extracellular matrix (ECM) within the brain possesses a distinctive composition and functionality, influencing a spectrum of physiological and pathological states. Among its constituents, perineuronal nets (PNNs) are unique ECM structures that wrap around the cell body of many neurons and extend along their dendrites within the central nervous system (CNS). PNNs are pivotal regulators of plasticity in CNS, both during development and adulthood stages. Characterized by their condensed glycosaminoglycan-rich structures and heterogeneous molecular composition, PNNs not only offer neuroprotection but also participate in signal transduction, orchestrating neuronal activity and plasticity...
March 18, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542375/chaperones-a-new-class-of-potential-therapeutic-targets-in-alzheimer-s-disease
#22
REVIEW
Joanna Batko, Katarzyna Antosz, Weronika Miśków, Magdalena Pszczołowska, Kamil Walczak, Jerzy Leszek
The review describes correlations between impaired functioning of chaperones and co-chaperones in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. The study aims to highlight significant lines of research in this field. Chaperones like Hsp90 or Hsp70 are critical agents in regulating cell homeostasis. Due to some conditions, like aging, their activity is damaged, resulting in β-amyloid and tau aggregation. This leads to the development of neurocognitive impairment. Dysregulation of co-chaperones is one of the causes of this condition...
March 17, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542359/pharmacological-activities-therapeutic-effects-and-mechanistic-actions-of-trigonelline
#23
REVIEW
Vi Nguyen, Elaine G Taine, Dehao Meng, Taixing Cui, Wenbin Tan
Trigonelline (TRG) is a natural polar hydrophilic alkaloid that is found in many plants such as green coffee beans and fenugreek seeds. TRG potentially acts on multiple molecular targets, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, glycogen synthase kinase, tyrosinase, nerve growth factor, estrogen receptor, amyloid-β peptide, and several neurotransmitter receptors. In this review, we systematically summarize the pharmacological activities, medicinal properties, and mechanistic actions of TRG as a potential therapeutic agent...
March 16, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542344/resveratrol-as-a-promising-nutraceutical-implications-in-gut-microbiota-modulation-inflammatory-disorders-and-colorectal-cancer
#24
REVIEW
Vidhya Prakash, Chinchu Bose, Damu Sunilkumar, Robin Mathew Cherian, Shwetha Susan Thomas, Bipin G Nair
Natural products have been a long-standing source for exploring health-beneficial components from time immemorial. Modern science has had a renewed interest in natural-products-based drug discovery. The quest for new potential secondary metabolites or exploring enhanced activities for existing molecules remains a pertinent topic for research. Resveratrol belongs to the stilbenoid polyphenols group that encompasses two phenol rings linked by ethylene bonds. Several plant species and foods, including grape skin and seeds, are the primary source of this compound...
March 16, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542306/hfe-mutations-in-neurodegenerative-disease-as-a-model-of-hormesis
#25
REVIEW
Savannah L Marshall Moscon, James R Connor
Common variants in the iron regulatory protein HFE contribute to systematically increased iron levels, yet the effects in the brain are not fully characterized. It is commonly believed that iron dysregulation is a key contributor to neurodegenerative disease due to iron's ability to catalyze reactive oxygen species production. However, whether HFE variants exacerbate or protect against neurodegeneration has been heavily debated. Some claim that mutated HFE exacerbates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, thus predisposing carriers to neurodegeneration-linked pathologies...
March 15, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542297/alpha-synuclein-and-gm1-ganglioside-co-localize-in-neuronal-cytosol-leading-to-inverse-interaction-relevance-to-parkinson-s-disease
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ranjeet Kumar, Suman Chowdhury, Robert Ledeen
Research on GM1 ganglioside and its neuroprotective role in Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly in mitigating the aggregation of α-Synuclein (aSyn), is well established across various model organisms. This essential molecule, GM1, is intimately linked to preventing aSyn aggregation, and its deficiency is believed to play a key role in the initiation of PD. In our current study, we attempted to shed light on the cytosolic interactions between GM1 and aSyn based on previous reports demonstrating gangliosides and monomeric aSyn to be present in neuronal cytosol...
March 15, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542089/cilastatin-as-a-potential-anti-inflammatory-and-neuroprotective-treatment-in-the-management-of-glaucoma
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miguel A Martínez-López, Sara Rubio-Casado, Diego San Felipe, Beatriz Martín-Sánchez, José A Fernández-Albarral, Elena Salobrar-García, José A Matamoros, José M Ramírez, Rosa de Hoz, Juan J Salazar, Eva M Marco, Ana I Ramírez, Alberto Lázaro, Meritxell López-Gallardo
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that causes blindness. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective role of cilastatin (CIL), generally used in the treatment of nephropathologies associated with inflammation, in an experimental mouse model based on unilateral (left) laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT). Male Swiss mice were administered CIL daily (300 mg/kg, i.p.) two days before OHT surgery until sacrifice 3 or 7 days later. Intraocular Pressure (IOP), as well as retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival, was registered, and the inflammatory responses of macroglial and microglial cells were studied via immunohistochemical techniques...
March 7, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542084/anti-inflammatory-action-of-resveratrol-in-the-central-nervous-system-in-relation-to-glucose-concentration-an-in-vitro-study-on-a-blood-brain-barrier-model
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Justyna Komorowska, Mateusz Wątroba, Małgorzata Bednarzak, Anna D Grabowska, Dariusz Szukiewicz
Unbalanced blood glucose levels may cause inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS). This effect can be reversed by the action of a natural neuroprotective compound, resveratrol (RSV). The study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of RSV on astrocyte cytokine profiles within an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) under varying glucose concentrations (2.2, 5.0, and 25.0 mmol/L), corresponding to hypo-, normo-, and hyperglycemia. The model included co-cultures of astrocytes (brain compartment, BC) and endothelial cells (microvascular compartment, MC), separated by 0...
March 7, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38541637/influence-of-alcohol-on-intracerebral-hemorrhage-from-oxidative-stress-to-glial-cell-activation
#29
REVIEW
Shaik Ismail Mohammed Thangameeran, Po-Kai Wang, Hock-Kean Liew, Cheng-Yoong Pang
The intricate relationship between alcohol consumption and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) presents a nuanced field of study, especially concerning the dose-dependent impact on secondary brain injury (SBI). Recognizing the established risks associated with heavy drinking, this review delves deeper into the less understood territories of low to moderate alcohol consumption. By systematically analyzing recent studies, we uncover critical insights into how varying alcohol intake levels modulate ICH risk through mechanisms such as microglial activation, oxidative stress, and the protective potential of polyphenols...
February 27, 2024: Life
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38541080/options-for-topical-treatment-of-oxidative-eye-diseases-with-a-special-focus-on-retinopathies
#30
REVIEW
Cristina Russo, Dario Rusciano, Rosa Santangelo, Lucia Malaguarnera
Antioxidants, usually administered orally through the systemic route, are known to counteract the harmful effects of oxidative stress on retinal cells. The formulation of these antioxidants as eye drops might offer a new option in the treatment of oxidative retinopathies. In this review, we will focus on the use of some of the most potent antioxidants in treating retinal neuropathies. Melatonin, known for its neuroprotective qualities, may mitigate oxidative damage in the retina. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a precursor to glutathione, enhances the endogenous antioxidant defense system, potentially reducing retinal oxidative stress...
February 21, 2024: Medicina
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38541075/the-neuroprotective-effect-of-therapeutic-hypothermia-in-cognitive-impairment-of-an-ischemia-reperfusion-injury-mouse-model
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ji Sun Lim, Shin Kim, Mee-Na Park, Hyunsu Lee, Hye Suk Baek, Jin Kyung Kim, Hae Won Kim, Jeong-Ho Hong
Background and Objectives : Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) shows promise as an approach with neuroprotective effects, capable of reducing secondary brain damage and intracranial pressure following successful mechanical thrombectomy in the acute phase. However, its effect on cognitive impairment remains unclear. This study investigated whether TH can improve cognitive impairment in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion (tMCAO/R). Materials and Methods : Nine-week-old C57BL/6N mice (male) were randomly assigned to three groups: sham, tMCAO/R, and tMCAO/R with TH...
February 20, 2024: Medicina
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540725/understanding-the-pathophysiology-of-ischemic-stroke-the-basis-of-current-therapies-and-opportunity-for-new-ones
#32
REVIEW
Maryam A Salaudeen, Nura Bello, Rabiu N Danraka, Maryam L Ammani
The majority of approved therapies for many diseases are developed to target their underlying pathophysiology. Understanding disease pathophysiology has thus proven vital to the successful development of clinically useful medications. Stroke is generally accepted as the leading cause of adult disability globally and ischemic stroke accounts for the most common form of the two main stroke types. Despite its health and socioeconomic burden, there is still minimal availability of effective pharmacological therapies for its treatment...
March 4, 2024: Biomolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540694/neuroprotective-effects-of-the-nutraceutical-dehydrozingerone-and-its-c-2-symmetric-dimer-in-a-drosophila-model-of-parkinson-s-disease
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Dolores Setzu, Ignazia Mocci, Davide Fabbri, Paola Carta, Patrizia Muroni, Andrea Diana, Maria Antonietta Dettori, Maria Antonietta Casu
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons responsible for unintended or uncontrollable movements. Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 locus contribute to genetic forms of PD. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster carrying this mutation (LRRK2-Dm) is an in vivo model of PD that develops motor impairment and stands for an eligible non-mammalian paradigm to test novel therapeutic approaches. Dehydrozingerone (DHZ) is a natural phenolic compound isolated from ginger and presents anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, making it a potential therapeutic target for PD...
February 24, 2024: Biomolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540256/neurotrauma-from-injury-to-repair-clinical-perspectives-cellular-mechanisms-and-promoting-regeneration-of-the-injured-brain-and-spinal-cord
#34
REVIEW
Andrew R Stevens, Antonio Belli, Zubair Ahmed
Traumatic injury to the brain and spinal cord (neurotrauma) is a common event across populations and often causes profound and irreversible disability. Pathophysiological responses to trauma exacerbate the damage of an index injury, propagating the loss of function that the central nervous system (CNS) cannot repair after the initial event is resolved. The way in which function is lost after injury is the consequence of a complex array of mechanisms that continue in the chronic phase post-injury to prevent effective neural repair...
March 13, 2024: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540249/neuroprotective-effects-of-krypton-inhalation-on-photothrombotic-ischemic-stroke
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Viktoriya V Antonova, Denis N Silachev, Egor Y Plotnikov, Irina B Pevzner, Elmira I Yakupova, Mikhail V Pisarev, Ekaterina A Boeva, Zoya I Tsokolaeva, Maxim A Lyubomudrov, Igor V Shumov, Andrey V Grechko, Oleg A Grebenchikov
This is the first in vivo study to investigate the neuroprotective effects of krypton on focal cerebral ischemia. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of 2 h of inhalation of a krypton-oxygen mixture (Kr 70%/O2 30%) on the recovery of neurological functions and the degree of brain damage in rats after photoinduced ischemic stroke (PIS) and to investigate the possible mechanisms responsible for this neuroprotection. Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g (n = 32). Animals were randomized into four groups...
March 13, 2024: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540238/europinidin-mitigates-3-npa-induced-huntington-s-disease-symptoms-in-rats-a-comprehensive-analysis-of-oxidative-stress-mitochondrial-enzyme-complex-activity-pro-inflammatory-markers-and-neurotransmitter-alterations
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Khalid Saad Alharbi
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive motor and cognitive dysfunction. There is no cure for HD, and current therapeutics can only manage the signs and symptoms as well as slowing disease progression. This investigation examines the possible therapeutic advantages of europinidin in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) injected HD in rats. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups ( n = 6): normal control, 3-NPA (10 mg/kg, i.p.), 3-NPA + europinidin-10 (10 mg/kg, p...
March 12, 2024: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540165/computational-and-experimental-approaches-exploring-the-role-of-hesperetin-in-improving-autophagy-in-rat-diabetic-retinopathy
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Reem Alshaman, Eman Kolieb, Rehab M El-Sayed, Sahar Galal Gouda, Abdullah Alattar, Sawsan A Zaitone, Asmaa K K Abdelmaogood, Lamiaa M Elabbasy, Amira H Eltrawy, Fai Yahya Sayd, Hatem I Mokhtar, Esam Ghanem Abu El Wafa, Esam Sayed Ahmed, Dong Liang, Dina A Ali
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a debilitating diabetic disorder of the retinal microvasculature and the main cause of avoidable blindness in old people. Hesperetin is a plant flavanone largely abundant in citrus species with neuroprotective properties in animal models. This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective and autophagy-enhancing effect of hesperetin in rats with DR. Twenty-four male rats were utilized and allocated to groups: (i) the vehicle group, (ii) DR group and (iii-iv) the DR + hesperetin (50 and 100 mg/kg) groups...
March 1, 2024: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540162/some-novel-therapies-in-parkinson-s-disease-a-promising-path-forward-or-not-yet-a-systematic-review-of-the-literature
#38
REVIEW
Anastasia Bougea
In light of the unsuccessful traditional therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) overmany years, there is an unmet need for the development of novel therapies to alleviate the symptoms of PD retardation or halt the progression of the disease itself. This systematic review aims to critically update some of the most promising novel treatments including gene therapy, cell-based therapies, targeted drug delivery, and neuroprotective agents, focusing on their challenges, limitations and future directions in PD research...
February 29, 2024: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540109/phillygenin-suppresses-glutamate-exocytosis-in-rat-cerebrocortical-nerve-terminals-synaptosomes-through-the-inhibition-of-ca-v-2-2-calcium-channels
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ming-Yi Lee, Tzu-Yu Lin, Ya-Ying Chang, Kuan-Ming Chiu, Su-Jane Wang
Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter that mediates neuronal damage in acute and chronic brain disorders. The effect and mechanism of phillygenin, a natural compound with neuroprotective potential, on glutamate release in isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes) prepared from the rat cerebral cortex were examined. In this study, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a potassium channel blocker, was utilized to induce the release of glutamate, which was subsequently quantified via a fluorometric assay. Our findings revealed that phillygenin reduced 4-AP-induced glutamate release, and this inhibitory effect was reversed by removing extracellular Ca2+ or inhibiting vesicular transport with bafilomycin A1...
February 22, 2024: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539904/the-cerebral-protective-effect-of-novel-erinacines-from-hericium-erinaceus-mycelium-on-in-vivo-mild-traumatic-brain-injury-animal-model-and-primary-mixed-glial-cells-via-nrf2-dependent-pathways
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kam-Fai Lee, Yung-Yu Hsieh, Shui-Yi Tung, Chih-Chuan Teng, Kung-Chuan Cheng, Meng-Chiao Hsieh, Cheng-Yi Huang, Ko-Chao Lee, Li-Ya Lee, Wan-Ping Chen, Chin-Chu Chen, Hsing-Chun Kuo
Hericium erinaceus , a consumable mushroom, has shown a potential to enhance the production of neuroprotective bioactive metabolites. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often leads to cognitive, physical, and psychosocial impairments, resulting in neuroinflammation and the loss of cortical neurons. In this research, the effects of H. erinaceus mycelium, its derivative erinacine C, along with the underlying mechanisms, were examined in terms of oxidative stress modulation and neurological improvement in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)...
March 19, 2024: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
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