L-acetylcarnitine

L-Acetylcarnitine (ALC), a versatile compound, has demonstrated beneficial effects in depression, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment, and other conditions. This study focuses on its antithyroid activity. The precursor molecule, L-carnitine, inhibited the uptake of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), and it is possible that ALC may reduce the iodination process of T3 and T4. Currently, antithyroid drugs are used to control the excessive production of thyroid hormones (TH) through various mechanisms: (i) forming electron donor-acceptor complexes with molecular iodine, (ii) eliminating hydrogen peroxide, and (iii) inhibiting the enzyme thyroid peroxidase...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipschitz. is one of the most reputed medicinal plants as a traditional medicine in the Arab and Middle East regions in the treatment of thyroid disorders, however, more investigations are needed to fully understand its effectiveness and mechanism of action. AIM OF THE STUDY: The primary objective of the study was to assess the impact of Saussurea costus (COST) on the metabolic profiles of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism in rats...

INTRODUCTION: Longer treatment times, more comorbidity, more severe impairments in social, psychological, and emotional functioning, increased healthcare use, and more hospitalizations are all factors that are related to dysthymia. Given the significant prevalence of dysthymia (including persistent depressive disorder) worldwide, its comorbidity with several mental disorders, and the detrimental effects of these comorbidities, it is important to conduct a systematic review to compare the effects of pharmacological acute and maintenance treatments for dysthymia with placebo and standard care in the last 10 years, based on the publication of DSM5...

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most debilitating complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as it progresses silently to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The discovery of novel biomarkers of early DKD becomes acute, as its incidence is reaching catastrophic proportions. Our study aimed to quantify previously identified metabolites from serum and urine through untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-ESI+-MS) techniques, such as the following: arginine, dimethylarginine, hippuric acid, indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, L-acetylcarnitine, butenoylcarnitine and sorbitol...

Patients with a spleen-qi deficiency often exhibit dysfunction in the metabolic system. Metabolites are considered the most direct reflection of individual physiological and pathological conditions and represent attractive candidates to provide deep insights into disease phenotypes. This study examines the potential therapeutic mechanism of wild ginseng on spleen-qi deficiency through the analysis of serum and urine metabolomics using rapid-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry...

BACKGROUND: Undesired intrathecal injections represent an important subset of medical errors, albeit rare. Clinical effects depend on the type and concentration of drug(s) injected. Here we report on the case of a healthy woman with persistent low back pain, treated with a paravertebral injection of lidocaine, thiocolchicoside, and L-acetylcarnitine at an orthopedic practice. CASE REPORT: A 42-year-old Caucasian woman, with no relevant past medical history, received a lumbar paravertebral injection of lidocaine, thiocolchicoside, and L-acetylcarnitine for persistent low back pain...

Diagnosing the cause of fatal intoxication by antipsychotic agents is an important task in forensic practice. In the 2020 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers, among 40 deaths caused by antipsychotics, 21 cases were diagnosed as "probably responsible", thereby indicating that more objective diagnostic tools are needed. We used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based integrated metabolomics analysis to measure changes in metabolic profiles in the plasma of mice that died from fatal intoxication due to chlorpromazine (CPZ) or olanzapine (OLA)...

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major cause of end stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The subtle metabolic changes in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) might precede the development of DKD by years. In this longitudinal study, CSF and plasma samples were collected from 28 patients with T2DM and 25 controls, during spinal anesthesia for elective surgery in 2017. These samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in 2017, and the results were correlated with current DKD in 2017, and the development of new-onset DKD, in 2021...

BACKGROUND: Historically, noninvasive techniques are only able to identify chromosomal anomalies that accounted for <50% of all congenital defects; the other congenital defects are diagnosed via ultrasound evaluations in the later stages of pregnancy. Metabolomic analysis may provide an important improvement, potentially addressing the need for novel noninvasive and multicomprehensive early prenatal screening tools. A growing body of evidence outlines notable metabolic alterations in different biofluids derived from pregnant women carrying fetuses with malformations, suggesting that such an approach may allow the discovery of biomarkers common to most fetal malformations...

The epigenetic agents, L-acetylcarnitine (LAC) and L-methylfolate (MF) are putative candidates as add-on drugs in depression. We evaluated the effect of a combined treatment with LAC and MF in two different paradigms of chronic stress in mice and in human inducible pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) differentiated into dopaminergic neurons. Two groups of mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 28 days or chronic restraint stress (CRS) for 21 day, and LAC (30 or 100 mg/kg) and/or MF (0.75 or 3 mg/kg) were administered i...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary liver cancer, is closely associated with the gut microbiota. However, the role of gut fungi in the development of HCC remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of intestinal Candida albicans on HCC. Here, We found that patients with HCC showed significantly decreased diversity of the gut mycobiome and increased abundance of C. albicans , compared to the patients with liver cirrhosis. The gavage of C. albicans in the WT models increased the tumor size and weight and influenced the plasma metabolome, which was indicated by alterations in 117 metabolites, such as L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine, and several KEGG enriched pathways, such as phenylalanine metabolism and citrate cycle...

Idiopathic male infertility (IMI) is the absence of a reason to explain a patient's infertility, and it occurs at a frequency of %31. In this study we aimed to investigate the oxidant/antioxidant status of patients with IMI and compare their results to those of healthy controls.A total of 79 patients with IMI (group 1) and 90 healthy individuals (group 2) were included in the study. We used Erel & Neşelioğlu's thiol/disulfide homeostasis test. Collective and individual measurements of oxidative/antioxidative balance components were carried out by this novel thiol/disulfide homeostasis test...

In this study we investigated how the concentrations, pairwise correlations, and ratios of 202 free circulating blood metabolites and lipids vary with age in a panel of n=1882 subjects ranging from 48 to 94 years. We report a statistically significant sex-dependent association with age of a panel of metabolites and lipids involving, in women cohort, linoleic acid, α-linoleic acid, and carnitine, and, in men sub-group, monoacylglycerols and lysophosphatidylcholines. Evaluating the association of correlations among metabolites and/or lipids with age, we found that phosphatidylcholines correlations tend to have a positive trend associated with age in women, and monoacylglycerols and lysophosphatidylcholines correlations tend to have a negative trend associated with age in men...

Osteoporosis is a common progressive metabolic bone disease resulting in decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and a subsequent increase in fracture risk. The known bone markers are not sensitive and specific enough to reflect the balance in the bone metabolism. Finding a metabolomics-based biomarker specific for bone desorption or lack of bone formation is crucial for predicting bone health earlier. This study aimed to investigate patients' metabolomic profiles with low BMD (LBMD), including those with osteopenia (ON) and osteoporosis (OP), compared to healthy controls...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is significantly associated with glycolysis. This study used 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), an inhibitor of glycolysis, to treat rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and investigate the metabolic regulatory mechanism of glycolysis in the disease. 2-DG significantly alleviated CIA. Metabolomics and transcriptomics, as well as their integrative analysis, detected significant changes in the pathways of bile secretion, cholesterol and linoleic acid metabolism in the plasma, liver and spleen during the CIA process and the opposite changes following 2-DG treatment, whereas the expression of the genes regulating these metabolic pathways were changed only in the spleen...

Backgrounds: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has multiple causes, is triggered by individual genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and metabolic disturbances, and may be triggered by acquired metabolic stress. The metabolic profiles of NAFLD show significant ethnic differences, and the metabolic characteristics of NAFLD in Chinese individuals are unclear. Our study aimed to identify the metabolites and pathways associated with NAFLD in a Chinese cohort. Methods: One hundred participants, including 50 NAFLD patients and 50 healthy controls, were enrolled in this retrospective observational study at Jinling Hospital in Nanjing; serum samples were collected from the patients and healthy subjects...

This narrative review was conducted using searches of the PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar databases from inception to November 2019. Clinical trials and relevant articles were identified by cross-referencing major depressive disorder (and/or variants) with the following terms: folate, homocysteine, S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), L-acetylcarnitine, alpha-lipoic acid, N-acetylcysteine, L-tryptophan, zinc, magnesium, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, and inositol. Manual reviews of references were also performed using article reference lists...

Understanding tumor metabolism holds the promise of new insights into cancer biology, diagnosis and treatment. To assess human cancer metabolism, here we report a method to collect intra-operative samples of blood from an artery directly upstream and a vein directly downstream of a brain tumor, as well as samples from dorsal pedal veins of the same patients. After performing targeted metabolomic analysis, we characterize the metabolites consumed and produced by gliomas in vivo by comparing the arterial supply and venous drainage...

Semen cryopreservation determines several sperm damages, including the loss of fertility-associated proteins. The purpose of the study was to compare the metabolite contents in bovine sperm and seminal plasma before and after cryopreservation, and between high- and low-fertility bulls in vitro. Forty-eight ejaculates, collected from eight bulls (six per bull), were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cryopreservation resulted in an over-expression of lysophosphatidylcholine (0:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) in seminal plasma...

Polar compounds from frying oils have been found to be harmful to health. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have largely remained elusive. In this study, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was used to investigate the toxicological effects of polar compounds. The serum and hepatic metabolites from polar compound-treated mice were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Multi-variate statistical analysis showed that a total of 36 serum metabolites and 18 hepatic metabolites were altered in the polar compound-treated mice as compared with that for normal diet-fed animals...