plant tissue culture

GWAS identified six loci at 25 kb downstream of WAK2, a crucial gene for cell wall and callus formation, enabling development of a SNP marker for enhanced callus induction potential. Efficient callus induction is vital for successful oil palm tissue culture, yet identifying genomic loci and markers for early detection of genotypes with high potential of callus induction remains unclear. In this study, immature male inflorescences from 198 oil palm accessions (dura, tenera and pisifera) were used as explants for tissue culture...

Medicinal plants are integral to traditional medicine systems world-wide, being pivotal for human health. Harvesting plant material from natural environments, however, has led to species scarcity, prompting action to develop cultivation solutions that also aid conservation efforts. Biotechnological tools, specifically plant tissue culture and genetic transformation, offer solutions for sustainable, large-scale production and enhanced yield of valuable biomolecules. While these techniques are instrumental to the development of the medicinal plant industry, the challenge of inherent regeneration recalcitrance in some species to in vitro cultivation hampers these efforts...

UNLABELLED: In many frankia, the ability to nodulate host plants (Nod+) and fix nitrogen (Fix+) is a common strategy. However, some frankia within the Pseudofrankia genus lack one or two of these traits. This phenomenon has been consistently observed across various actinorhizal nodule isolates, displaying Nod- and/or Fix- phenotypes. Yet, the mechanisms supporting the colonization and persistence of these inefficient frankia within nodules, both with and without symbiotic strains (Nod+/Fix+), remain unclear...

In plant tissue culture, callus formation serves as a crucial mechanism for regenerating entire plants, enabling the differentiation of diverse tissues. Researchers have extensively studied the influence of media composition, particularly plant growth regulators, on callus behavior. However, the impact of the physical properties of the media, a well-established factor in mammalian cell studies, has received limited attention in the context of plant tissue culture. Previous research has highlighted the significance of gelling agents in affecting callus growth and differentiation, with Agar, Phytagel, and Gelrite being the most used options...

Sugarcane smut, caused by the fungal pathogen Sporisorium scitamineum , is a prominent threat to the sugarcane industry. The development of smut resistant varieties is the ultimate solution for controlling this disease, due to the lack of other efficient control methods. Artificial inoculation method is used to evaluate the virulence differentiation of pathogens. The mostly used artificial inoculation methods are soaking of the seed canes in the teliospore solution and injection of teliospores or haploid sporidia into the sugarcane sprouts...

Bulbil is an important asexual reproductive structure of bulbil plants. It mainly grows in leaf axils, leaf forks, tubers and the upper and near ground ends of flower stems of plants. They play a significant role in the reproduction of numerous herbaceous plant species by serving as agents of plant propagation, energy reserves, and survival mechanisms in adverse environmental conditions. Despite extensive research on bulbil-plants regarding their resources, development mechanisms, and utilisation, a comprehensive review of bulbil is lacking, hindering progress in exploiting bulbil resources...

Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea ) is a commonly used green vegetable. During September and October in both 2022 and 2023, a vegetable nursery company located among paddy rice fields in Taichung City, Taiwan, reported significant failures in spinach seedling production in net-houses with mean outdoor temperatures of 28.7℃. Abnormal growth was observed in approximately 30% of the spinach seedlings in each batch (n = 2,000 to 3,000), with aboveground tissues showing stunting, yellowing, and wilt, and underground tissues displaying root rot...

The ectopic overexpression of developmental regulator (DR) genes has been reported to improve the transformation in recalcitrant plant species because of the promotion of cellular differentiation during cell culture processes. In other words, the external plant growth regulator (PGR) application during the tissue and cell culture process is still required in cases utilizing DR genes for plant regeneration. Here, the effect of Arabidopsis BABY BOOM ( BBM ) and WUSCHEL ( WUS ) on the differentiation of tobacco transgenic cells was examined...

Plants are a valuable source of information for pharmacological research and new drug discovery. The present study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of the leaves of the medicinal plant Sterculia setigera. In vitro, the effect of Sterculia setigera leaves dry hydroethanolic extract (SSE) was tested on cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) survival when exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), using the viability probe fluorescein diacetate (FDA), a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay, an immunocytochemical staining against Gap 43, and the quantification of the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, necrosis, or oxidative stress...

Medicago truncatula is a model legume for fundamental research on legume biology and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Tnt1, a retrotransposon from tobacco, was used to generate insertion mutants in M. truncatula R108. Approximately 21 000 insertion lines have been generated and publicly available. Tnt1 retro-transposition event occurs during somatic embryogenesis (SE), a pivotal process that triggers massive methylation changes. We studied the SE of M. truncatula R108 using leaf explants and explored the dynamic shifts in the methylation landscape from leaf explants to callus formation and finally embryogenesis...

Catalpa bungei originates from China. It is fast-growing and possesses a vertically aligned trunk, rendering it a commendable construction material and a significant economic species. In July 2022, a serious leaf spot occurred in the LanLake farm (surveyed area of about 700 acres) in Nanyang (33°3'23" N, 112°28'50" E), Henan Province, China. The incidence rate of leaf disease reached 54% (n=100). The disease initially manifested as irregular round spots with a yellowish-brown hue, subsequently extending in all directions...

Coleus forskohlii , an Indian-origin medicinal plant is the sole natural source of the labdane terpenoid forskolin (C22 H34 O7 ), with growing demand . Forskolin emerged as an industrially important bioactive compound, with many therapeutic applications in human health. It has established potential effects in the treatment of various diseases and conditions such as glaucoma, asthma, obesity, allergies, skin conditions and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, clinical trials against different types of cancers are progressing...

Network pharmacology and animal and cell experiments were employed to explore the mechanism of astragaloside Ⅳ(AST Ⅳ) combined with Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) in regulating angiogenesis to treat cerebral ischemia. The method of network pharmacology was used to predict the possible mechanisms of AST Ⅳ and PNS in treating cerebral ischemia by mediating angiogenesis. In vivo experiment: SD rats were randomized into sham, model, and AST Ⅳ(10 mg·kg~(-1)) + PNS(25 mg·kg~(-1)) groups, and the model of cerebral ischemia was established with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) method...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The Ba-Qi-Rougan formula (BQRGF) is a traditional and effective compound prescription from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) utilized in treating hepatic fibrosis (HF). AIM OF THE STUDY: We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of BQRGF on HF and explore the underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology was employed to identify the material basis of BQRGF. Mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced HF received BQRGF at three doses (3...

The most effective methodologies for generating Musa spp. explants involve the utilization of plant tissue culture micropropagation techniques. However, the pervasive challenge of microbial contamination significantly impedes the successful micropropagation of Musa spp. This study examined the antioxidant and antibacterial characteristics of the essential oil (LPO) and extract (LPE) obtained from the peel of Citrus aurantifolia . Additionally, we explored their mechanisms against common microbial contaminants in Musa spp...

The Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) was globally distributed, particularly in countries like China, India, Indonesia and was renowned for its abundant vitamin, mineral and antioxidant content (Reddy et al., 2023). In early February 2023, leaf spot symptoms were observed on A. carambola at 2 hectare model orchard, College farm, Agricultural College, Aswaraopet (17.252038 latitude, 81.109574 longitude) and Horticulture nurseries of Aswaraopet, Bhadradri Kothagudem (Dist), Telangana, India. In the surveyed fields (February-2023 to February 2024), the disease was prevalent year round, with varying incidence i...

In June 2023, severe leaf spots were noted in Populus × euramericana cv 'Nanlin95' plantations located in the Nanjing Baguazhou Wetland Park (32°09'16.97″N, 118°48'16.74″E) of Jiangsu Province and Populus × canadensis cv 'Sacrau 79' and Populus × canadensis cv 'Guariento' in the Liyuan Village in Nanyang City (32°53'43.70″N, 112°17'29.12″E) of Henan Province, respectively. The disease incidence in both locations could reach 97.9% (556 out of 568 trees) and 98...

California leads the United States in peach (Prunus persica L.) production, with approximately 505,000 tons produced in 2021 and valued at $378.3 million (California Agriculture Statistics Review, 2021-2022). During the spring and summer of 2023, twig and branch dieback were observed in three peach orchards (cvs. Late Ross and Starn) in San Joaquin County, California. Wood cankers and discoloration also occurred in branches, generally initiating at pruning wounds. Approximately 8 symptomatic twigs or branches per orchard were collected to proceed with the isolation of necrotic tissues on acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA)...

Potentilla anserina L. has an abundance of bioactive compounds and is widely recognized for its diverse applications in traditional medicine and as a food. In August 2023, typical symptoms of anthracnose were observed in 80% of P. anserina plants in Harbin, China. Symptoms, characterized by reddish-brown spots, tend to occur more frequently on leaves closer to the ground. They initially appeared as oval or irregular circles, measuring 1 to 3 mm in diameter, and later merged into larger patches surrounded by chlorotic areas on the leaves...

Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is the only evergreen broad-leaved shrub in the desert region of Northwest China, which is one of the dominant species in the desert vegetation of the region, playing an important role in maintaining the stability of the local desert ecosystem. A. mongolicus is also very hardy and drought resistant and can survive extreme temperatures (Liu et al. 2013; Yang et al. 2022). The large-scale death of A. mongolicus could cause desertification in the region. Two months after the discovery of Fusarium verticillioides causing blight on A...