keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38537143/-fusarium-amaranthuense-sp-nov-from-amaranth-is-an-emergent-species-closely-related-to-fusarium-circinatum
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Oliul Hassan, Hyunjoo Ryu, Sang-Yeob Lee, Hyo-Won Choi
Amaranth ( Amaranthus spp. L) is not native to South Korea but cultivated in small scales for ornamental purposes as well as leafy vegetables and pseudo cereals. In this study, a new species within the genus Fusarium was isolated from amaranth, showing stem rot symptoms from a farmer field in Hwaseong, South Korea. The disease is characterized by dark-brown spots with black borders, leading to withering. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha ( TEF1 ), beta-tubulin ( tub2 ), calmodulin ( cmdA ), RNA polymerase largest subunit ( RPB1 ) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit ( RPB2 ) genes, revealed that the obtained isolates were formed a distinct clade within the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex and closely related to F ...
March 27, 2024: Plant Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38537139/new-races-with-wider-virulence-indicate-rapid-evolution-of-puccinia-striiformis-f-sp-tritici-in-the-southern-cone-of-america
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Venancio Riella, Julian Rodriguez-Algaba, Richard García, Fernando Pereira, Paula Silva, Mogens Støvring Hovmøller, Silvia Elisa Germán
Wheat yellow (stripe) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide. Pst populations are composed of multiple genetic groups, each carrying one or more races characterized by different avirulence/virulence combinations. Since the severe epidemics in 2017, yellow rust has become the most economically important wheat foliar disease in Uruguay. A set of 124 Pst isolates collected from wheat fields in Uruguay between 2017 and 2021 were characterized phenotypically and 27 of those isolates were subsequently investigated in-depth by additional molecular genotyping and race phenotyping analyses...
March 27, 2024: Plant Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535902/occurrence-and-exposure-assessment-of-nickel-in-zhejiang-province-china
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junde Han, Ronghua Zhang, Jun Tang, Jiang Chen, Chenyang Zheng, Dong Zhao, Jikai Wang, Hexiang Zhang, Xiaojuan Qi, Xiaoli Wu, Qin Weng, Jinping Zeng, Jiaolan Du, Min Zhang, Yinyin Wu, Biao Zhou
Nickel (Ni) is a silver-white metal with high antioxidative properties, often existing in a bivalent form in the environment. Despite being the fifth most abundant metal on Earth, anthropogenic activities, including industrial processes, have elevated Ni levels in environmental media. This study investigated Ni contamination in various food groups in Zhejiang Province, China, mainly focusing on Ni levels in beans, vegetables, aquatic foods, meat products, cereal products, and fruits. A total of 2628 samples were collected and analyzed...
February 22, 2024: Toxics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535824/dietary-exposure-and-risk-assessment-of-multi-mycotoxins-afb1-afm1-ota-otb-don-t-2-and-ht-2-in-the-lebanese-food-basket-consumed-by-adults-findings-from-the-updated-lebanese-national-consumption-survey-through-a-total-diet-study-approach
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maha Hoteit, Zahraa Abbass, Rouaa Daou, Nikolaos Tzenios, Lamis Chmeis, Joyce Haddad, Mohamad Chahine, Elham Al Manasfi, Abdulrahman Chahine, Omasyarifa Binti Jamal Poh, André El Khoury
Mycotoxins have been linked to adverse health impacts, including liver cancer and kidney diseases. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the dietary exposure of Lebanese adults to multi-mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), ochratoxin A (OTA), ochratoxin B (OTB), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 and HT-2) and to assess their associated health risks. Hence, a nationally representative sample of 449 participants aged 18-64 years old were interviewed to obtain their socio-demographic characteristics, food consumption data and exposure estimates...
March 19, 2024: Toxins
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535389/presence-of-multiple-genetic-mutations-related-to-insecticide-resistance-in-chinese-field-samples-of-two-phthorimaea-pest-species
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiang Zhu, Ruipeng Chen, Juan Liu, Weichao Lin, Jiaxin Liang, Ralf Nauen, Suhua Li, Yulin Gao
Potatoes hold the distinction of being the largest non-cereal food crop globally. The application of insecticides has been the most common technology for pest control. The repeated use of synthetic insecticides of the same chemical class and frequent applications have resulted in the emergence of insecticide resistance. Two closely related pests that feed on potato crops are the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella , and the tomato leafminer, Phthorimaea absoluta (syn. Tuta absoluta ). Previous studies indicated the existence of insecticide resistance to various classes of insecticides including organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids in field populations of P...
March 14, 2024: Insects
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535363/olfactory-preferences-of-sitophilus-zeamais-to-cereal-and-legume-based-pasta
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pasquale Trematerra, Giacinto Salvatore Germinara, Marco Colacci
We compared the attractiveness of five commercially available Italian macaroni pastas of different shapes (penne, casarecce, and fusilli) made from cereals and/or legumes [100% Triticum durum ; 100% Cicer arietinum ; 100% Lens esculenta ; 50% Triticum durum + 50% Cicer arietinum ; 60% Triticum durum + 40% Lens esculenta ] to adults of Sitophilus zeamais (L.). A multiple-choice walking bioassay showed that S. zeamais adults were more attracted to cereal than legume pastas. The modified Flit-Track M2 trap devices baited with pasta made with 100% T...
February 29, 2024: Insects
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532611/a-review-of-the-effects-of-fermentation-on-the-structure-properties-and-application-of-cereal-starch-in-foods
#7
REVIEW
Xudong Yan, David Julian McClements, Shunjing Luo, Jiangping Ye, Chengmei Liu
Fermentation is one of the oldest food processing techniques known to humans and cereal fermentation is still widely used to create many types of foods and beverages. Starch is a major component of cereals and the changes in its structure and function during fermentation are of great importance for scientific research and industrial applications. This review summarizes the preparation of fermented cereals and the effects of fermentation on the structure, properties, and application of cereal starch in foods...
March 26, 2024: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532321/mathematical-kinetic-modelling-followed-by-in-vitro-and-in-vivo-assays-reveal-the-bifunctional-rice-gtpchii-dhbps-enzymes-and-demonstrate-the-key-roles-of-osriba-proteins-in-the-vitamin-b2-pathway
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Faustino, Tiago Lourenço, Simon Strobbe, Da Cao, André Fonseca, Isabel Rocha, Dominique Van Der Straeten, M Margarida Oliveira
BACKGROUND: Riboflavin is the precursor of several cofactors essential for normal physical and cognitive development, but only plants and some microorganisms can produce it. Humans thus rely on their dietary intake, which at a global level is mainly constituted by cereals (> 50%). Understanding the riboflavin biosynthesis players is key for advancing our knowledge on this essential pathway and can hold promise for biofortification strategies in major crop species. In some bacteria and in Arabidopsis, it is known that RibA1 is a bifunctional protein with distinct GTP cyclohydrolase II (GTPCHII) and 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase (DHBPS) domains...
March 26, 2024: BMC Plant Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532311/investigation-of-the-morphological-physiological-biochemical-and-catabolic-characteristics-and-gene-expression-under-drought-stress-in-tolerant-and-sensitive-genotypes-of-wild-barley-hordeum-vulgare-subsp-spontaneum-k-koch-asch-graebn
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hooman Shirvani, Ali Ashraf Mehrabi, Mohsen Farshadfar, Hooshmand Safari, Ali Arminian, Foad Fatehi, Alireza Pouraboughadareh, Peter Poczai
BACKGROUND: Barley (H. vulgare L.) is an important cereal crop cultivated across various climates globally. Barley and its ancestor (H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum) are an economically valuable model for genetic research and improvement. Drought, among various abiotic stresses, is a substantial threat to agriculture due to its unpredictable nature and significant impact on crop yield. RESULTS: This study was conducted in both greenhouse and laboratory settings. Prior to the study, wild barley accessions were pre-selected based on their sensitivity or tolerance to drought as determined from fieldwork in the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 cropping seasons...
March 26, 2024: BMC Plant Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531485/engineering-the-future-cereal-crops-with-big-biological-data-towards-an-intelligence-driven-breeding-by-design
#10
REVIEW
Lei Liu, Jimin Zhan, Jianbing Yan
How to feed 10 billion human populations is one of the challenges that need to be addressed in the following decades, especially under an unpredicted climate change. Crop breeding, initiating from the phenotype-based selection by local farmers and developing into current biotechnology-based breeding, has played a critical role in securing the global food supply. However, regarding the changing environment and ever-increasing human population, can we breed outstanding crop varieties fast enough to achieve high productivity, good quality, and widespread adaptability? This review outlines the recent achievements in understanding cereal crop breeding, including the current knowledge about crop agronomic traits, newly developed techniques, crop big biological data research, and the possibility of integrating them for intelligence-driven breeding by design, which ushers in a new era of crop breeding practice and shapes the novel architecture of future crops...
March 24, 2024: Journal of Genetics and Genomics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529063/transcriptome-and-co-expression-network-revealed-molecular-mechanism-underlying-selenium-response-of-foxtail-millet-setaria-italica
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yinyuan Wen, Liuna Cheng, Zeya Zhao, Mengyao An, Shixue Zhou, Juan Zhao, Shuqi Dong, Xiangyang Yuan, Meiqiang Yin
INTRODUCTION: Selenium-enriched foxtail millet ( Setaria italica ) represents a functional cereal with significant health benefits for humans. This study endeavors to examine the impact of foliar application of sodium selenite (Na2 SeO4 ) on foxtail millet, specifically focusing on selenium (Se) accumulation and transportation within various plant tissues. METHODS: To unravel the molecular mechanisms governing selenium accumulation and transportation in foxtail millet, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of selenium content and transcriptome responses in foxtail millet spikelets across different days (3, 5, 7, and 12) under Na2 SeO4 treatment (200 μmol/L)...
2024: Frontiers in Plant Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527551/global-relevance-of-argentinean-rainfed-crops-in-a-climatic-variability-context-a-water-footprint-assessment-in-buenos-aires-province
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Corina Iris Rodriguez, María Macarena Arrien, Santiago Hernán Silva, Maite M Aldaya
Argentina has a relevant international role as a producer of agricultural commodities. Buenos Aires is the province with the largest cultivated area of cereals and oilseeds of the country. Rainfed crops depend exclusively on green water, meaning a comparative advantage for Buenos Aires province. The green virtual water content in the crops produced in Buenos Aires has implications for water allocation at international level. A great amount of countries depends on the Argentinean rainfed agriculture. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of climate variations on Argentinean crop production at local level and the role of rainfed crops in regional and international trade...
March 23, 2024: Science of the Total Environment
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525971/therapeutic-implications-of-dietary-polyphenols-loaded-nanoemulsions-in-cancer-therapy
#13
REVIEW
Ritu Tomar, Sabya Sachi Das, Venkata Krishna Rao Balaga, Srusti Tambe, Jagannath Sahoo, Santosh Kumar Rath, Janne Ruokolainen, Kavindra Kumar Kesari
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide, even the second foremost cause related to non-communicable diseases. Cancer cells typically possess several cellular and biological processes including, persistence, propagation, differentiation, cellular death, and expression of cellular-type specific functions. The molecular picture of carcinogenesis and progression is unwinding, and it appears to be a tangled combination of processes occurring within and between cancer cells and their surrounding tissue matrix...
March 25, 2024: ACS Applied Bio Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525147/grain-yield-and-interspecific-competition-in-an-oat-common-vetch-intercropping-system-at-varying-sowing-density
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ying Wang, Xue Han, Xingyao Zhao, Yanli Zhang, Bingjie Qi, Lijun Li
INTRODUCTION: Oat ( Avena nuda L.) and common vetch ( Vicia sativa L.) intercropping in the northern regions of China has resulted in substantial production capabilities. However, there is currently a dearth of comprehensive research on whether this intercropping system can enhance productivity through increased sowing densities and underlying interspecies interaction mechanisms. METHODS: A two-year field experiment was conducted in 2022 and 2023 to investigate the yield, biological efficiency, economic efficiency, and competition indicators of oats and common vetch in a high-density intercropping system...
2024: Frontiers in Plant Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524938/higher-childhood-weight-gain-lower-skeletal-muscle-mass-and-higher-cereal-consumption-in-normal-weight-japanese-women-with-high-percentage-trunk-fat-a-subanalysis-study
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Satomi Minato-Inokawa, Mari Honda, Ayaka Tsuboi-Kaji, Mika Takeuchi, Kaori Kitaoka, Miki Kurata, Bin Wu, Tsutomu Kazumi, Keisuke Fukuo
Normal-weight but high-percentage trunk fat phenotype was characterized in a setting where adiposity is not associated with educational and socioeconomic status. Body size trajectory since birth, current body composition measured using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, cardiometabolic traits, serum adipokines, and dietary intake were measured cross-sectionally in 251 normal weight Japanese female university students whose fasting triglyceride and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) averaged 56 mg/dL and 1...
April 2024: Diabetology International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524687/determinants-of-metabolic-syndrome-among-patients-receiving-anti-retro-viral-treatment-in-a-tertiary-hospital-central-ethiopia-unmatched-case-control-study
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Godana Jarso, Haji Aman, Abebe Megerso
PURPOSE: Scaling up antiretroviral treatment (ART) reduces morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). This success is challenged by the constellation of interrelated metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). Given the changing ART regimens and schedules, increasing patient age and methodological limitations, existing evidence regarding the determinants of MetS remains inconclusive. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to identify the determinants of MetS in patients receiving ART at a tertiary hospital in central Ethiopia...
2024: Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521887/complete-genome-characterization-of-cacao-leafroll-virus-a-newly-described-cacao-infecting-polerovirus
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Raphael O Adegbola, Cory V Keith, Osman Gutierrez, Ricardo Goenaga, Judith K Brown
The complete genome sequence of cacao leafroll virus (CaLRV; family Solemoviridae, genus Polerovirus) was determined by high-throughput sequencing of total RNA isolated from symptomatic cacao Theobroma cacao L. plants (n = 4). The CaLRV genome sequences ranged from 5,976 to 5,997 nucleotides (nt) in length and contained seven open reading frames (ORFs). Nucleotide and amino acid (aa) sequence comparisons showed that, among selected well-characterized poleroviruses, the CaLRV genome shared the highest nt sequence identity of 62% with that of potato leafroll virus (PLRV, NC_076505)...
March 23, 2024: Archives of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520739/evaluating-the-use-of-common-grasses-by-the-wheat-stem-sawfly-hymenoptera-cephidae-and-its-native-parasitoids-in-rangeland-and-conservation-reserve-program-grasslands
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tatyana A Rand, Robert R Kula, John F Gaskin
The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is a major pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Poales: Poaceae) across the northern Great Plains of North America. Cephus cinctus has a wide host range, attacking numerous wild grasses and cultivated cereals in crop and grassland habitats, where it is, in turn, attacked by 2 native braconid parasitoids. Quantitative assessments of C. cinctus infestation and parasitism levels in different grass species across the full spectrum of available hosts are important in assessing the extent to which grasslands, or specific constituent grass species, may be reservoirs of pests or parasitoids moving into wheat...
March 23, 2024: Journal of Economic Entomology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520293/prediction-of-moisture-content-for-single-maize-kernel-based-on-viscoelastic-properties-constitutive-model-and-force-time-graph
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mengmeng Qiao, Guoyi Xia, Yang Xu, Tao Cui, Chenlong Fan, Yibo Li, Shaoyun Han, Qian Jun
BACKGROUND: Rapid and accurate detection of moisture content is important to ensure maize quality. However, existing technologies for rapidly detecting moisture content often suffer from costly equipment, stringent environmental requirements, or limited accuracy. To bridge this research gap, this study proposes a simple and effective method for detecting moisture content of single maize kernels based on viscoelastic properties. RESULTS: Two types of viscoelastic experiments were conducted, involving three different parameters: relaxation tests (initial loads: 60, 80, 100 N) and frequency sweep tests (frequencies: 0...
March 23, 2024: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520089/effect-of-microplastics-used-in-agronomic-practices-on-agricultural-soil-properties-and-plant-functions-potential-contribution-to-the-circular-economy-of-rural-areas
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vasiliki Liava, Evangelia E Golia
The extensive use of plastic materials and their improper disposal results in high amounts of plastic waste in the environment. Aging of plastics leads to their breakdown into smaller particles, such as microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics. This research investigates plastics used in agricultural practices as they contribute to MP pollution in agricultural soils. The distribution and characteristics of MPs in agricultural soils were evaluated. In addition, the effect of MPs on soil properties, the relationship between MPs and metals in soil, the effect of MPs on the fate of pesticides in agricultural soils and the influence of MPs on plant growth were analysed, discussing legume, cereal and vegetable crops...
March 22, 2024: Waste Management & Research
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