Iacuc

Treatment of hypovascular tumors, such as pancreatic adenocarcinoma, is challenging due to inefficient drug delivery. This report examines the potential mechanism of localized drug delivery via trans-arterial micro perfusion (TAMP) using a proprietary adjustable double-balloon occlusion catheter in a porcine model. Adult Yorkshire swine (N=21) were used in IACUC-approved protocols. The RC-120 catheter was positioned into visceral, femoral, and pulmonary arteries with infusion of methylene blue dye, gemcitabine, or gold nanoparticles...

Lipid accumulation in adipocytes occurs through multifactorial effects such as overnutrition due to unbalanced eating habits, reduced physical activity, and genetic factors. In addition, obesity can be intensified by the dis-regulation of various metabolic systems such as differentiation, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and energy metabolism of adipocytes. In this study, the Jeju roasted peel extract from Citrus unshiu S.Markov. (JRC), which is discarded as opposed to the pulp of C. unshiu S.Markov., is commonly consumed to ameliorate obesity...

BACKGROUND: There is an increasing interest in using preclinical models for development and assessment of medical devices and imaging techniques for prostatic disease care. Still, a comprehensive assessment of the prostate's radiological anatomy in primary preclinical models such as dogs, rabbits, and mice utilizing human anatomy as a reference point remains necessary with no optimal model for each purpose being clearly defined in the literature. Therefore, this study compares the anatomical characteristics of different animal models to the human prostatic gland from the imaging perspective...

Many experiments require the collection of serial blood samples from mice. However, the size of mice limits the volume of blood that can be safely collected as a survival procedure. In IACUC protocols, investigators may report the amount of blood they collect from mice as a number of drops. Many institutions, including ours, use an anecdotal conversion factor (1 drop of mouse blood = 25 µL) to ensure that blood-collection volumes are compliant with institutional guidelines. To our knowledge, previous work has not experimentally determined the volume of a drop of mouse blood...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this work was to develop a model of intra-articular fracture in a rabbit and document the speed and severity of degenerative joint changes after fracture fixation. METHODS: With IACUC approval, impact-induced intra-articular fractures were created in the distal tibia of 16 New Zealand White rabbits. Fractures were fixed with a plate and screws. Pain and function were monitored at regular postoperative intervals with limb loading analysis...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether canal wall-up (CWU) tympanomastoidectomy with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is a cost-effective method of treating cholesteatoma compared with CWU with second-look surgery. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using a Markov state transition model. The simulation model adhered to the Panel Recommendations on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine established by the US Public Health Service...

The pandemic has affected the lives of people all over the world. The effects of the pandemic on laboratory animal facilities and their operations through this unusual global event are poorly understood. Here, we have applied a methodological framework of qualitative approach including semi-structured interviews to investigate laboratory animal operations in Korea and how it has shaped the on-going management and laboratory operations of such facilities. A total of fifty-two individuals, including members and administrators of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), researchers, and animal facility managers and staff, were surveyed through purposeful sampling...

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury is caused by a temporary reduction in oxygen-carrying blood flow to the kidney, followed by reperfusion. During ischemia, kidney tissue damage induces overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which produces oxidative stress. The blood flow restoration during the reperfusion period causes further production of reactive oxygen species that ends with apoptosis and cell death. This study aimed to investigate the potential renoprotective effects of Raloxifene on bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by looking into kidney function biomarkers, urea and creatinine, inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)...

The most widely accepted ethical concept for the mitigation of harm to animals used in biomedical research is known as the3Rs, which refer to replacement, reduction, and refinement. The aim of our study was to determine the ethical and regulatorycriteria that researchers in Mexico consider when developing their animal research protocols and that members of the ethicscommittees use when they evaluate and approve these protocols. We circulated a survey to 300 individuals from differentresearch institutions and received responses from 179 researchers and members of ethics committees on questions relatedto their knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward the use of animals in research based on the 3Rs...

Both the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal Welfare Act and Regulations require animalsin research to receive adequate analgesia unless an exception can be scientifically justified and IACUC approved. Extendedreleasebuprenorphine (BUP-XR) is a pharmaceutical-grade formulation that is FDA-indexed for use in mice and rats.However, this new formulation has not been evaluated in adult Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Our goal wasto determine whether the extrapolated dose (1 mg/kg SC) would achieve plasma buprenorphine concentrations above themurine therapeutic threshold (> 1...

To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on facility oversight and animal care at 2 y after declaration of the pandemic,we distributed a comprehensive survey to targeted groups within the broader animal research community in early 2022.A total of 265 surveys were returned (161 responses to IACUC questions, 193 responses to animal resource program [ARP]questions, and 89 responses to both). IACUC questions focused on the use of virtual interactions for IACUC activities and onremote work for IACUC support staff during and after the pandemic...

Animals are used for scientific purposes across Africa to benefit humans, animals or the environment. Nonetheless, ethical and regulatory oversight remains limited in many parts of the continent. To strengthen this governance framework, the Pan-African Network for Laboratory Animal Science and Ethics brought together experts from 12 African countries to create an Africa-centric practical guide to facilitate the establishment and appropriate functioning of Institutional Animal Ethics Committees across Africa...

PURPOSE: To compare the mechanistic effects and hypertrophy outcomes using two different PVE regimens in normal and cirrhotic livers in a large animal model. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approved all conducted experiments. Fourteen female Yorkshire pigs were separated into a cirrhotic (CG, n=7) and non-cirrhotic group (NCG, n=7); further subgrouped into using microspheres and coils (MC, n=3) or n-butyl-cyanoacrylate (NBCA, n=3) and their corresponding controls (each n=1)...

UNLABELLED: Treatment for complications associated with the hemodynamic consequences of decompensated cirrhosis remains suboptimal. Terlipressin, the latest pharmacological management of hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI), targets the vasopressin system but has serious side effects. OCE-205 is a novel peptide designed to target the vasopressin receptor system as a mixed V1a agonist/antagonist, resulting in effective partial agonism without V2 agonism. We examined the in vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of OCE-205 in healthy rats and cynomolgus monkeys...

In Korea, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs) have been legally required to apply the Three Rs principles (i.e. replacement , reduction and refinement ) and undertake the ethical review of animal study protocols, since 2008. According to Korean law, each IACUC is required to appoint at least one lay member recommended by a non-governmental animal protection organisation, who participates in the ethical review process as part of this role. Despite the importance of the Three Rs and the ethical review process, limited information and practical resources are available for IACUC members in the Korean language, particularly for lay members who are inexperienced in animal experimentation...

OBJECTIVE: To identify if targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with radiolabeled antibodies can predict tumor growth rate and ultimate tumor size in a murine flank schwannoma model. STUDY DESIGN: Animal research study. METHODS: Rat schwannoma cells were cultured and implanted into 40 athymic nude mice. Once tumors reached 5 mm in diameter, 30 mice were injected with zirconium-89 labeled antibodies (HER2/Neu, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), or IgG isotype)...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is characterized as an insulin resistant state. However, the effects of sepsis on insulin's signal transduction pathway are unknown. The molecular activity driving insulin signaling is controlled by tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor β-subunit (IRβ) and of insulin receptor substrate molecules (IRS) -1 and IRS-2. HYPOTHESIS: Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) attenuates IRβ, IRS-1 and IRS-2 phosphorylation. METHODS: IACUC-approved studies conformed to ARRIVE guidelines...

While sustained-release buprenorphine (BSR) is used as a long-lasting opioid analgesic in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), there are no published studies on pharmaceutical-grade extended-release buprenorphine options such as Ethiqa XR (EXR) for this species. However, BSR is a compounded product and has been reported to cause injection site reactions in multiple species, including marmosets. Additionally, now with the availability of EXR, a pharmaceutical-grade veterinary product, the use of BSR in laboratory animals is not compliant with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Guide) unless scientifically justified and approved by the IACUC...

BACKGROUND: Pancreaticobiliary (PB) cancers are a diverse group of cancers with poor prognoses and high rates of recurrence after resection. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX), created from surgical specimens, provide a reliable preclinical research platform and high-fidelity cancer model from which to study these malignancies with consistent recapitulation of their original patient tumors in vivo. However, the relationship between PDX engraftment success (growth or no growth) and patient oncological outcomes has not been well studied...

Previously, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) positively altered fecal microbiota, fecal metabolites, and immune cell function of adult dogs. Our objective was to determine the fecal characteristics, microbiota, and metabolites of SCFP-supplemented dogs subjected to transport stress. All procedures were approved by the Four Rivers Kennel IACUC prior to experimentation. Thirty-six adult dogs (18 male, 18 female; age: 7.1 ± 0.77 y; body weight: 28.97 ± 3.67 kg) were randomly assigned to be controls or receive SCFP supplementation (250 mg/dog/d) (n=18/group) for 11 wk...