Choroid

PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate adalimumab efficacy in patients with initial-onset or recurrent Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome. METHODS: A retrospective clinical study was performed to examine the therapeutic effect of adalimumab in 22 VKH patients,16 with initial-onset and six with recurrent VKH. Another 22 patients with initial-onset VKH who did not receive adalimumab were included as controls. The main observational parameters included the central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior chamber cell grade (ACC), glucocorticoid dose (GCD), and the development of sunset glow fundus...

PRCIS: Ab interno bleb revision using the Grover and Fellman spatula offers potential benefits in improved intraocular pressure control and spare the conjunctiva for enhanced bleb management. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Ab-Interno Bleb Revision (AIBR) for treating failed trabeculectomy blebs. METHODS: This non-comparative case series enrolled glaucoma patients with failed trabeculectomy blebs, who underwent AIBR and were followed up for one year...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between quantitative parameters derived from volume analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) data and disease worsening in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD) and sympathetic ophthalmia (SO). METHODS: This retrospective study, conducted at Osaka University Hospital, employed swept-source OCT scans from patients diagnosed with VKHD or SO between October 2012 and January 2021. The choroidal vessel structure was segmented and visualized in three dimensions, generating quantitative vessel volume maps...

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Choroidal melanoma (CM) is the most common malignant ocular tumor in adults. The current treatment of metastatic CM is limited by the intrinsic resistance of CM to conventional systemic therapies. Immunotherapy alone or in association with cytotoxic treatment became a realist option treatment. Advancements in molecular biology have resulted in the identification of a number of promising prognostic and therapeutic targets. Herein, we report a rare case of 36-year-old patient with metastatic CM who presented a good long response to treatment with double immunotherapy reaching 3 years of overall survival, which has never been described in the literature...

PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of intravitreal brolucizumab (BRZ) injections in patients with typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (typical nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). METHODS: This multicentre retrospective study included 401 eyes of 398 patients with nAMD who received BRZ injection(s), with a follow-up duration of ≥12 months. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal fluid evaluation and central subfield thickness (CST) on optical coherence tomography were assessed...

Studies in animal models and humans have shown that refractive state is optimized during postnatal development by a closed-loop negative feedback system that uses retinal image defocus as an error signal, a mechanism called emmetropization. The sensor to detect defocus and its sign resides in the retina itself. The retina and/or the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) presumably releases biochemical messengers to change choroidal thickness and modulate the growth rates of the underlying sclera. A central question arises: if emmetropization operates as a closed-loop system, why does it not stop myopia development? Recent experiments in young human subjects have shown that (1) the emmetropic retina can perfectly distinguish between real positive defocus and simulated defocus, and trigger transient axial eye shortening or elongation, respectively...

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) is the gold standard of imaging the eye in clinics. Penetration depth with such devices is, however, limited and visualization of the choroid, which is essential for diagnosing chorioretinal disease, remains limited. Whereas swept-source OCT (SSOCT) devices allow for visualization of the choroid these instruments are expensive and availability in praxis is limited. We present an artificial intelligence (AI)-based solution to enhance the visualization of the choroid in OCT scans and allow for quantitative measurements of choroidal metrics using generative deep learning (DL)...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: To report a rare occurrence of pigment epitheliopathy associated with choroidal neovasculization as a first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. CASE PRESENTATION: A 54-year-old female, with no prior medical history, sought a second opinion due to sudden drop in vision in her right eye to 20/80. Slit lamp examination was normal. Fundus examination revealed the presence of a subretinal hemorrhage in the macular area. Fundus imaging including optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography showed multifocal retinal pigment epitheliopathy associated with choroidal neovascularization (CNV)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The prolonged intravitreal administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs is prone to inducing aberrant retinal vascular development and causing damage to retinal neurons. Hence, we have taken an alternative approach by designing and synthesizing a series of cyclic peptides targeting CC motif chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3). Based on the binding mode of the N-terminal region in CCR3 protein to CCL11, we used computer-aided identification of key amino acid sequence, conformational restriction through different cyclization methods, designed and synthesized a series of target cyclic peptides, and screened the preferred compound IB-2 through affinity...

BACKGROUND: Infantile nystagmus syndrome can be associated with an afferent problem (anterior or posterior segment) or constitute an isolated idiopathic disorder. With a normal ophthalmic examination, current guidelines recommend electroretinography (ERG) rather than magnetic resonance (MRI) for preliminary workup. Given the limited use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in preverbal children, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of handheld OCT (HH-OCT) in the initial diagnostic evaluation of infantile nystagmus...

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a commonly used retina imaging technique, and it is capable of revealing the morphology of the choroid. However, the segmentation and quantitative analysis of the sublayers and vessels in choroid are rarely explored, primarily due to the indistinct boundaries of choroidal sublayers, and imbalanced distribution of vessels observed in OCT imagery. In this paper, we propose a novel two-stage architecture called Choroidal Layer Analysis network (CLA), that may be considered the first attempt in this research community for joint segmentation of choroidal sublayers and choroidal vessels in OCT images...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the choroidal vascularity index and choroidal thickness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHOD: This study is a case control study. Our study consists of a total of two groups, with 32 individuals diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 32 healthy volunteers. The thickness of the subfoveal choroid was measured from the 500 micron (µm), 1000 µm, 1500 µm nasal aspect of the fovea, and 500µm, 1000µm, 1500 µm temporal and subfoveal thickness of the fovea...

Hibernation is an extreme state of seasonal energy conservation, reducing metabolic rate to as little as 1% of the active state. During the hibernation season, many species of hibernating mammals cycle repeatedly between the active (aroused) and hibernating (torpid) states (T-A cycling), using brown adipose tissue (BAT) to drive cyclical rewarming. The regulatory mechanisms controlling this process remain undefined but are presumed to involve thermoregulatory centres in the hypothalamus. Here, we use the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), and high-resolution monitoring of BAT, core body temperature (Tb), and ventilation rate, to sample at precisely defined phases of the T-A cycle...

INTRODUCTION: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown substantial benefit in the treatment of choroidal hemangioma (CH) in recent years. This report describes the use of PDT with overlapping spots in a patient with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) and large circumscribed CH. CASE PRESENTATION: A 9-year-old girl with SWS and a history of glaucoma in her left eye was referred to a retina clinic for possible macular changes. Examination revealed decreased vision in the left eye, pigmentary changes in the macula, and choroidal thickening in the posterior pole...

BACKGROUND: Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced, irreversible, and progressive form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) have been largely used to characterize this stage of AMD and, more importantly, to define biomarkers associated with the development and progression of GA in AMD. METHODS: Articles pertaining to OCT and OCTA biomarkers related to the development and progression of GA with relevant key words were used to search in PubMed, Researchgate, and Google Scholar...

Migraine is one of the world's most debilitating disorders, and it has recently been shown that changes in the retina can be a potential biomarker for the disease. These changes can be detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT), which measures retinal thickness, and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), which measures vessel density. We searched the databases Google Scholar, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies in English using OCT and OCTA in migraineurs, using the search terms "optical coherence tomography," "OCT," "optical coherence tomography angiography," "OCTA" and "migraine...