keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36341495/probiotic-inspired-nanomedicine-restores-intestinal-homeostasis-in-colitis-by-regulating-redox-balance-immune-responses-and-the-gut-microbiome
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiaqi Xu, Junchao Xu, Tongfei Shi, Yinlong Zhang, Fangman Chen, Chao Yang, Xinjing Guo, Guangna Liu, Dan Shao, Kam W Leong, Guangjun Nie
Microbiota-based therapeutics offer innovative strategies to treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). However, the poor clinical outcome so far and the limited flexibility of the bacterial approach call for improvement. Inspired by the health benefits of probiotics in alleviating symptoms of bowel diseases, we designed bioartificial probiotics to restore the intestinal microenvironment in colitis by regulating redox balance, immune responses, and the gut microbiome. The bioartificial probiotic comprises two components: an E...
November 7, 2022: Advanced Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36252012/the-ulcerative-colitis-associated-gene-fut8-regulates-the-quantity-and-quality-of-secreted-mucins
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gerard Cantero-Recasens, Carla Burballa, Yuki Ohkawa, Tomohiko Fukuda, Yoichiro Harada, Amy J Curwin, Nathalie Brouwers, Gian A Thun, Jianguo Gu, Ivo Gut, Naoyuki Taniguchi, Vivek Malhotra
Mucins are the main macrocomponents of the mucus layer that protects the digestive tract from pathogens. Fucosylation of mucins increases mucus viscoelasticity and its resistance to shear stress. These properties are altered in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), which is marked by a chronic inflammation of the distal part of the colon. Here, we show that levels of Fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) and specific mucins are increased in the distal inflamed colon of UC patients. Recapitulating this FUT8 overexpression in mucin-producing HT29-18N2 colonic cell line increases delivery of MUC1 to the plasma membrane and extracellular release of MUC2 and MUC5AC...
October 25, 2022: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36244647/highly-sensitive-flow-cytometry-based-measurement-of-intestinal-permeability-in-models-of-experimental-colitis
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kevin Tsai, Caixia Ma, Xiao Han, Joannie Allaire, Genelle R Healey, Shauna M Crowley, Hongbing Yu, Kevan Jacobson, Lijun Xia, John J Priatel, Bruce A Vallance
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Elevated intestinal permeability is seen in a variety of inflammatory conditions such as enteric infections and inflammatory bowel disease. Since barrier function can provide a key biomarker of disease severity, it is often assayed in animal models. A common methodology involves gavaging mice with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran (FITC-D), followed by cardiac puncture to assay plasma fluorescence on a spectrophotometer. Although the FITC-D method is relatively simple, its sensitivity is limited and enables only a single measurement because the test requires euthanasia...
October 13, 2022: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36177011/diet-microbiota-and-the-mucus-layer-the-guardians-of-our-health
#24
REVIEW
Francesco Suriano, Elisabeth E L Nyström, Domenico Sergi, Jenny K Gustafsson
The intestinal tract is an ecosystem in which the resident microbiota lives in symbiosis with its host. This symbiotic relationship is key to maintaining overall health, with dietary habits of the host representing one of the main external factors shaping the microbiome-host relationship. Diets high in fiber and low in fat and sugars, as opposed to Western and high-fat diets, have been shown to have a beneficial effect on intestinal health by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria, improve mucus barrier function and immune tolerance, while inhibiting pro-inflammatory responses and their downstream effects...
2022: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36162004/altered-microbial-biogeography-in-an-innate-model-of-colitis
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonia Boger-May, Theodore Reed, Diana LaTorre, Katelyn Ruley-Haase, Hunter Hoffman, Lauren English, Connor Roncagli, Anne-Marie Overstreet, David Boone
Changes in the spatial organization, or biogeography, of colonic microbes have been observed in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and mouse models of IBD. We have developed a mouse model of IBD that occurs spontaneously and consistently in the absence of adaptive immunity. Mice expressing tumor necrosis factor-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) in intestinal epithelial cells (villin-TNFAIP3) develop colitis when interbred with Recombination Activating 1-deficient mice (RAG1-/- ). The colitis in villin-TNFAIP3 × RAG1-/- (TRAG) mice is prevented by antibiotics, indicating a role for microbes in this innate colitis...
January 2022: Gut Microbes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36157924/colon-mucus-in-colorectal-neoplasia-and-beyond
#26
REVIEW
Alexandre Loktionov
Little was known about mammalian colon mucus (CM) until the beginning of the 21st century. Since that time considerable progress has been made in basic research addressing CM structure and functions. Human CM is formed by two distinct layers composed of gel-forming glycosylated mucins that are permanently secreted by goblet cells of the colonic epithelium. The inner layer is dense and impenetrable for bacteria, whereas the loose outer layer provides a habitat for abundant commensal microbiota. Mucus barrier integrity is essential for preventing bacterial contact with the mucosal epithelium and maintaining homeostasis in the gut, but it can be impaired by a variety of factors, including CM-damaging switch of commensal bacteria to mucin glycan consumption due to dietary fiber deficiency...
August 28, 2022: World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36038689/gastrointestinal-health-changes-of-intestinal-mucosa-and-microbiota-in-patients-with-ulcerative-colitis-and-irritable-bowel-syndrome-from-pm-2-5-polluted-regions-of-ukraine
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrey Dorofeyev, Anna Dorofeyeva, Arsenii Borysov, Ganna Tolstanova, Tatiana Borisova
Here, clinical studies of patients were conducted to assess changes in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) associated with air pollution by PM. A comparative study of 100 patients with UC and 75 with IBS from highly (HPRs) and low (LPRs) PM2.5 -polluted regions of Ukraine was conducted. Biopsy of the intestinal mucosa of patients with UC from HPRs showed severe cellular infiltration. Patients with IBS from HPRs had changes in the superficial epithelium (focal desquamation), and inflammatory-cellular infiltration of mucous membrane of the colon...
August 30, 2022: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35799795/milk-fat-globule-membrane-attenuates-acute-colitis-and-secondary-liver-injury-by-improving-the-mucus-barrier-and-regulating-the-gut-microbiota
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhenhua Wu, Xiaoyi Liu, Shimeng Huang, Tiantian Li, Xiangyu Zhang, Jiaman Pang, Junying Zhao, Lijun Chen, Bing Zhang, Junjun Wang, Dandan Han
Objective: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often occurs along with extraintestinal manifestations, including hepatic injury. Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is an active substance with a potential anti-inflammation activity. However, its alleviated effect and mechanisms in IBD as well as the IBD-induced secondary liver injury are still unclear. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were administered with a 21-day oral gavage of MFGM, followed by 7 days of drinking water with 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)...
2022: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35664966/gut-microbiota-in-various-childhood-disorders-implication-and-indications
#29
REVIEW
Nermin Kamal Saeed, Mohammed Al-Beltagi, Adel Salah Bediwy, Yasser El-Sawaf, Osama Toema
Gut microbiota has a significant role in gut development, maturation, and immune system differentiation. It exerts considerable effects on the child's physical and mental development. The gut microbiota composition and structure depend on many host and microbial factors. The host factors include age, genetic pool, general health, dietary factors, medication use, the intestine's pH, peristalsis, and transit time, mucus secretions, mucous immunoglobulin, and tissue oxidation-reduction potentials. The microbial factors include nutrient availability, bacterial cooperation or antagonism, and bacterial adhesion...
May 14, 2022: World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35664964/novel-drug-delivery-systems-for-inflammatory-bowel-disease
#30
REVIEW
Farah Yasmin, Hala Najeeb, Shehryar Shaikh, Muhammad Hasanain, Unaiza Naeem, Abdul Moeed, Thoyaja Koritala, Syedadeel Hasan, Salim Surani
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic illness characterized by relapsing inflammation of the intestines. The disorder is stratified according to the severity and is marked by its two main phenotypical representations: Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Pathogenesis of the disease is ambiguous and is expected to have interactivity between genetic disposition, environmental factors such as bacterial agents, and dysregulated immune response. Treatment for IBD aims to reduce symptom extent and severity and halt disease progression...
May 14, 2022: World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35553963/loss-of-myosin-vb-leads-to-dysregulation-of-colonic-goblet-cell-structure-and-function
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jessica Digrazia, Melinda Engevik, Amy C Engevik
BACKGROUND: Intestinal goblet cells secrete a protective mucus layer preventing bacteria and harmful ingested substances from contacting the columnar epithelial cells that line the intestine. Single cell RNAseq data has revealed that goblet cells have high expression of Myosin 5b (Myo5b), a molecular motor that regulates vesicle trafficking in epithelial cells. Myo5b is most widely studied in the small intestine, but it's role in the colonic epithelium and particularly goblet cells is unknown...
May 2022: FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35064769/extracellular-vesicles-produced-by-the-human-commensal-gut-bacterium-bacteroides-thetaiotaomicron-affect-host-immune-pathways-in-a-cell-type-specific-manner-that-are-altered-in-inflammatory-bowel-disease
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lejla Gul, Dezso Modos, Sonia Fonseca, Matthew Madgwick, John P Thomas, Padhmanand Sudhakar, Catherine Booth, Régis Stentz, Simon R Carding, Tamas Korcsmaros
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbours a complex microbial community, which contributes to its homeostasis. A disrupted microbiome can cause GI-related diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), therefore identifying host-microbe interactions is crucial for better understanding gut health. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), released into the gut lumen, can cross the mucus layer and access underlying immune cells. To study BEV-host interactions, we examined the influence of BEVs generated by the gut commensal bacterium, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, on host immune cells...
January 2022: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35008767/dietary-interventions-ameliorate-infectious-colitis-by-restoring-the-microbiome-and-promoting-stem-cell-proliferation-in-mice
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ishfaq Ahmed, Kafayat Yusuf, Badal C Roy, Jason Stubbs, Shrikant Anant, Thomas M Attard, Venkatesh Sampath, Shahid Umar
Decreases in short-chain-fatty-acids (SCFAs) are linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Yet, the mechanisms through which SCFAs promote wound healing, orchestrated by intestinal stem cells, are poorly understood. We discovered that, in mice with Citrobacter rodentium (CR)-induced infectious colitis, treatment with Pectin and Tributyrin diets reduced the severity of colitis by restoring Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and by increasing mucus production. RNA-seq in young adult mouse colon (YAMC) cells identified higher expression of Lgr4, Lgr6, DCLK1, Muc2, and SIGGIR after Butyrate treatment...
December 29, 2021: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34948435/mucins-dynamics-in-physiological-and-pathological-conditions
#34
REVIEW
Hassan Melhem, Daniel Regan-Komito, Jan Hendrik Niess
Maintaining intestinal health requires clear segregation between epithelial cells and luminal microbes. The intestinal mucus layer, produced by goblet cells (GCs), is a key element in maintaining the functional protection of the epithelium. The importance of the gut mucus barrier is highlighted in mice lacking Muc2 , the major form of secreted mucins. These mice show closer bacterial residence to epithelial cells, develop spontaneous colitis and became moribund when infected with the attaching and effacing pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium ...
December 20, 2021: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34831177/altered-mucus-barrier-integrity-and-increased-susceptibility-to-colitis-in-mice-upon-loss-of-telocyte-bone-morphogenetic-protein-signalling
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vilcy Reyes Nicolás, Joannie M Allaire, Alain B Alfonso, Dianne Pupo Gómez, Véronique Pomerleau, Véronique Giroux, François Boudreau, Nathalie Perreault
FoxL1+ -Telocytes (TCFoxL1+ ) are subepithelial cells that form a network underneath the epithelium. We have shown that without inflammatory stress, mice with loss of function in the BMP signalling pathway in TCFoxL1+ ( BmpR1a ΔFoxL1+ ) initiated colonic neoplasia. Although TCFoxL1+ are modulated in IBD patients, their specific role in this pathogenesis remains unclear. Thus, we investigated how the loss of BMP signalling in TCFoxL1+ influences the severity of inflammation and fosters epithelial recovery after inflammatory stress...
October 29, 2021: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34791290/current-trends-in-ibd-development-of-mucosal-based-biomarkers-and-a-novel-minimally-invasive-recoverable-sampling-system
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yunki Y Yau, Valerie C Wasinger, Robert P Hirten, Emil Chuang, Merodean Huntsman, Jack Stylli, Jeff Shimizu, Vijay Yajnik, Jeffrey Smith, Shaoying N Lee, Sharat Singh, Christopher Wahl, Rupert W Leong, Bruce E Sands
Despite recent developments in therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), there have been limited advances in diagnostic tools available to aid in disease management. A growing body of evidence suggests that there are important host-microbe interactions at the mucosal interface that modulate the inflammatory response in patients with IBD. Additionally, the importance of mucosal integrity and its disruption appears to be important in the pathophysiology and perpetuation of the disease. The ability to characterize this interface may provide valuable information for both disease monitoring and identification of new treatment targets...
November 15, 2021: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34639039/fucose-ameliorates-tritrichomonas-sp-associated-illness-in-antibiotic-treated-muc2-mice
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kseniya M Achasova, Elena N Kozhevnikova, Mariya A Borisova, Ekaterina A Litvinova
The mucus layer in the intestine plays a critical role in regulation of host-microbe interactions and maintaining homeostasis. Disruptions of the mucus layer due to genetic, environmental, or immune factors may lead to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IBD frequently are accompanied with infections, and therefore are treated with antibiotics. Hence, it is important to evaluate risks of antibiotic treatment in individuals with vulnerable gut barrier and chronic inflammation. Mice with a knockout of the Muc2 gene, encoding the main glycoprotein component of the mucus, demonstrate a close contact of the microbes with the gut epithelium which leads to chronic inflammation resembling IBD...
October 2, 2021: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34618377/dietary-xylo-oligosaccharide-ameliorates-colonic-mucus-microbiota-penetration-with-restored-autophagy-in-interleukin-10-gene-deficient-mice
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhongxia Chen, Xiao Shen, Qunyan Zhou, Qiang Zhan, Xingwen Xu, Qiuyu Chen, Fangmei An, Jing Sun
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease is nowadays highly prevalent and presents a global clinical challenge. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) on Il10-/- mice, a classic animal model of inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS: Male wild type mice were as-signed to WT group, and Il10-/- mice were assigned to IL-10-KO group and XOS group, respectively. There were 6∼8 mice aged 8 weeks in each group. Mice in XOS group received 1...
October 7, 2021: JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34616040/a-single-sulfatase-is-required-to-access-colonic-mucin-by-a-gut-bacterium
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ana S Luis, Chunsheng Jin, Gabriel Vasconcelos Pereira, Robert W P Glowacki, Sadie R Gugel, Shaleni Singh, Dominic P Byrne, Nicholas A Pudlo, James A London, Arnaud Baslé, Mark Reihill, Stefan Oscarson, Patrick A Eyers, Mirjam Czjzek, Gurvan Michel, Tristan Barbeyron, Edwin A Yates, Gunnar C Hansson, Niclas G Karlsson, Alan Cartmell, Eric C Martens
Humans have co-evolved with a dense community of microbial symbionts that inhabit the lower intestine. In the colon, secreted mucus creates a barrier that separates these microorganisms from the intestinal epithelium1 . Some gut bacteria are able to utilize mucin glycoproteins, the main mucus component, as a nutrient source. However, it remains unclear which bacterial enzymes initiate degradation of the complex O-glycans found in mucins. In the distal colon, these glycans are heavily sulfated, but specific sulfatases that are active on colonic mucins have not been identified...
October 2021: Nature
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34455931/identification-of-allobaculum-mucolyticum-as-a-novel-human-intestinal-mucin-degrader
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guus H van Muijlwijk, Guido van Mierlo, Pascal W T C Jansen, Michiel Vermeulen, Nancy M C Bleumink-Pluym, Noah W Palm, Jos P M van Putten, Marcel R de Zoete
The human gut microbiota plays a central role in intestinal health and disease. Yet, many of its bacterial constituents are functionally still largely unexplored. A crucial prerequisite for bacterial survival and proliferation is the creation and/or exploitation of an own niche. For many bacterial species that are linked to human disease, the inner mucus layer was found to be an important niche. Allobaculum mucolyticum is a newly identified, IBD-associated species that is thought be closely associated with the host epithelium...
January 2021: Gut Microbes
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