keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490565/the-impact-of-prenatal-alcohol-synthetic-cannabinoid-and-co-exposure-on-behavioral-adaptations-in-adolescent-offspring-and-alcohol-self-administration-in-adulthood
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura C Ornelas, Eric W Fish, Jacob C Dooley, Megan Carroll, Scott E Parnell, Joyce Besheer
Prenatal exposure to alcohol or cannabinoids can produce enduring neurobiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes in the offspring. Furthermore, prenatal co-exposure to alcohol and cannabinoids induces malformations in brain regions associated with reward and stress-related circuitry. This study examined the effects of co-exposure to alcohol and the synthetic cannabinoid (SCB) CP55,940 throughout gastrulation and neurulation in rats on basal corticosterone levels and a battery of behavioral tests during adolescence and alcohol self-administration in adulthood...
March 13, 2024: Neurotoxicology and Teratology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485649/acute-aerobic-exercise-at-different-intensities-modulates-inhibitory-control-and-cortical-excitability-in-adults-with-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu-Han Wang, Shur-Fen Gau, Li-Kuang Yang, Jung-Chi Chang, Pou-Leng Cheong, Hsiao-I Kuo
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different aerobic exercise intensities on inhibitory control and cortical excitability in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: The study was conducted in a within-subject design. Twenty-four adults with ADHD completed a stop signal task and received cortical excitability assessment by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) before and after a single session of low-, moderate-, high-intensity aerobic exercise or a control intervention...
March 7, 2024: Asian Journal of Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485625/the-selfish-network-how-the-brain-preserves-behavioral-function-through-shifts-in-neuronal-network-state
#23
REVIEW
Albrecht Stroh, Susann Schweiger, Jan-Marino Ramirez, Oliver Tüscher
Neuronal networks possess the ability to regulate their activity states in response to disruptions. How and when neuronal networks turn from physiological into pathological states, leading to the manifestation of neuropsychiatric disorders, remains largely unknown. Here, we propose that neuronal networks intrinsically maintain network stability even at the cost of neuronal loss. Despite the new stable state being potentially maladaptive, neural networks may not reverse back to states associated with better long-term outcomes...
March 13, 2024: Trends in Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484981/somatostatin-and-the-pathophysiology-of-alzheimer-s-disease
#24
REVIEW
Victor N Almeida
Among the central features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression are altered levels of the neuropeptide somatostatin (SST), and the colocalisation of SST-positive interneurons (SST-INs) with amyloid-β plaques, leading to cell death. In this theoretical review, I propose a molecular model for the pathogenesis of AD based on SST-IN hypofunction and hyperactivity. Namely, hypofunctional and hyperactive SST-INs struggle to control hyperactivity in mid-temporal regions in early stages, leading to axonal Aβ production through excessive presynaptic GABAB inhibition, GABA-B1a/APP complex downregulation and internalisation...
March 12, 2024: Ageing Research Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484638/quantum-dots-based-multiplexed-immunosensors-for-accurate-diagnosis-of-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-in-childhood
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinyue Shao, Zhao Dong, Shuai Zhang, Yunyun Qiao, Hongwei Zhang, Hua Guo
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) lacks objective diagnostic markers. In clinical settings, reliance on subjective judgments can often lead to missed or misdiagnoses. Some biomarkers have been reported to be associated with ADHD, but using one biomarker alone is not enough. To address this, we developed a fluorescent immunoassay platform based on quantum dots (QDs) to detect assay capable of detecting and quantifying multiple biomarkers simultaneously. Specifically, we were able to the simultaneously detect brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and ferritin using different emission spectra QDs...
March 11, 2024: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484496/functional-neuroimaging-in-patients-with-catatonia-a-systematic-review
#26
REVIEW
Laura Duque, Mohammad Ghafouri, Nicolas A Nunez, Juan Pablo Ospina, Kemuel L Philbrick, John D Port, Rodolfo Savica, Larry J Prokop, Teresa A Rummans, Balwinder Singh
BACKGROUND: Catatonia is a challenging and heterogeneous neuropsychiatric syndrome of motor, affective and behavioral dysregulation which has been associated with multiple disorders such as structural brain lesions, systemic diseases, and psychiatric disorders. This systematic review summarized and compared functional neuroimaging abnormalities in catatonia associated with psychiatric and medical conditions. METHODS: Using PRISMA methods, we completed a systematic review of 6 databases from inception to February 7th, 2024 of patients with catatonia that had functional neuroimaging performed...
March 11, 2024: Journal of Psychosomatic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484486/microstate-dynamics-and-spectral-components-as-markers-of-persistent-and-remittent-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
GuiSen Wu, XiXi Zhao, XiangSheng Luo, Hui Li, YanBo Chen, Chen Dang, Li Sun
OBJECTIVE: We leveraged microstate characteristics and power features to examine temporal and spectral deviations underlying persistent and remittent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: 50 young adults with childhood ADHD (28 persisters, 22 remitters) and 28 demographically similar healthy controls (HC) were compared on microstates features and frequency principal components (f-PCs) of eye-closed resting state. Support vector machine model with sequential forward selection (SVM-SFS) was utilized to discriminate three groups...
February 28, 2024: Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483760/amygdala-volume-is-associated-with-adhd-risk-and-severity-beyond-comorbidities-in-adolescents-clinical-testing-of-brain-chart-reference-standards
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ádám Nárai, Petra Hermann, Alexandra Rádosi, Pál Vakli, Béla Weiss, János M Réthelyi, Nóra Bunford, Zoltán Vidnyánszky
UNLABELLED: Understanding atypicalities in ADHD brain correlates is a step towards better understanding ADHD etiology. Efforts to map atypicalities at the level of brain structure have been hindered by the absence of normative reference standards. Recent publication of brain charts allows for assessment of individual variation relative to age- and sex-adjusted reference standards and thus estimation not only of case-control differences but also of intraindividual prediction. METHODS: Aim was to examine, whether brain charts can be applied in a sample of adolescents (N = 140, 38% female) to determine whether atypical brain subcortical and total volumes are associated with ADHD at-risk status and severity of parent-rated symptoms, accounting for self-rated anxiety and depression, and parent-rated oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) as well as motion...
March 14, 2024: Research on child and adolescent psychopathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483226/not-so-fast-pressing-the-brakes-on-sympathetic-hyperactivity-after-traumatic-brain-injury
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jamie E Podell
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 1, 2024: Critical Care Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38478161/assessing-the-contribution-of-measures-of-attention-and-executive-function-to-diagnosis-of-adhd-or-autism
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kelsey Harkness, Signe Bray, Chelsea M Durber, Deborah Dewey, Kara Murias
Attention and executive function (EF) dysregulation are common in a number of disorders including autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Better understanding of the relationship between indirect and direct measures of attention and EF and common neurodevelopmental diagnoses may contribute to more efficient and effective diagnostic assessment in childhood. We obtained cognitive (NIH Toolbox, Little Man Task, Matrix Reasoning Task, and Rey Delayed Recall) and symptom (CBCL, and BPMT) assessment data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) database for three groups, autistic (N = 110), ADHD (N = 878), and control without autism or ADHD diagnoses (N = 9130) and used ridge regression to determine which attention and EF assessments were most strongly associated with autism or ADHD...
March 13, 2024: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38474398/firing-alterations-of-neurons-in-alzheimer-s-disease-are-they-merely-a-consequence-of-pathogenesis-or-a-pivotal-component-of-disease-progression
#31
REVIEW
Nikolaos P Tzavellas, Konstantinos I Tsamis, Andreas P Katsenos, Athena S Davri, Yannis V Simos, Ilias P Nikas, Stefanos Bellos, Panagiotis Lekkas, Foivos S Kanellos, Spyridon Konitsiotis, Charalampos Labrakakis, Patra Vezyraki, Dimitrios Peschos
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, yet its underlying causes remain elusive. The conventional perspective on disease pathogenesis attributes alterations in neuronal excitability to molecular changes resulting in synaptic dysfunction. Early hyperexcitability is succeeded by a progressive cessation of electrical activity in neurons, with amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers and tau protein hyperphosphorylation identified as the initial events leading to hyperactivity. In addition to these key proteins, voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels play a decisive role in the altered electrical properties of neurons in AD...
February 29, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38472517/role-of-estrogen-in-sex-differences-in-memory-emotion-and-neuropsychiatric-disorders
#32
REVIEW
Javed Iqbal, Geng-Di Huang, Yan-Xue Xue, Mei Yang, Xiao-Jian Jia
Estrogen regulates a wide range of neuronal functions in the brain, such as dendritic spine formation, remodeling of synaptic plasticity, cognition, neurotransmission, and neurodevelopment. Estrogen interacts with intracellular estrogen receptors (ERs) and membrane-bound ERs to produce its effect via genomic and non-genomic pathways. Any alterations in these pathways affect the number, size, and shape of dendritic spines in neurons associated with psychiatric diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that estrogen fluctuation causes changes in dendritic spine density, morphology, and synapse numbers of excitatory and inhibitory neurons differently in males and females...
March 12, 2024: Molecular Biology Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38472163/a-review-of-adhd-detection-studies-with-machine-learning-methods-using-rsfmri-data
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gurcan Taspinar, Nalan Ozkurt
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common mental health condition that significantly affects school-age children, causing difficulties with learning and daily functioning. Early identification is crucial, and reliable and objective diagnostic tools are necessary. However, current clinical evaluations of behavioral symptoms can be inconsistent and subjective. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive technique that has proven effective in detecting brain abnormalities in individuals with ADHD...
March 12, 2024: NMR in Biomedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38464275/brain-substates-induced-by-dmt-relate-to-sympathetic-output-and-meaningfulness-of-the-experience
#34
Lorenzo Pasquini, Alexander Simon, Courtney Gallen, Hannes Kettner, Leor Roseman, Adam Gazzaley, Robin Carhart-Harris, Christopher Timmermann
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a serotonergic psychedelic, known to rapidly induce short-lasting alterations in conscious experience, characterized by a profound and immersive sense of physical transcendence alongside rich and vivid auditory distortions and visual imagery. Multimodal neuroimaging data paired with dynamic analysis techniques offer a valuable approach for identifying unique signatures of brain activity - and linked autonomic physiology - naturally unfolding during the altered state of consciousness induced by DMT...
February 19, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38464084/interneuron-loss-and-microglia-activation-by-transcriptome-analyses-in-the-basal-ganglia-of-tourette-syndrome
#35
Yifan Wang, Liana Fasching, Feinan Wu, Anita Huttner, Sabina Berretta, Rosalinda Roberts, James F Leckman, Alexej Abyzov, Flora M Vaccarino
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a disorder of high-order integration of sensory, motor, and cognitive functions afflicting as many as 1 in 150 children and characterized by motor hyperactivity and tics. Despite high familial recurrence rates, a few risk genes and no biomarkers have emerged as causative or predisposing factors. The syndrome is believed to originate in basal ganglia, where patterns of motor programs are encoded. Postmortem immunocytochemical analyses of brains with severe TS revealed decreases in cholinergic, fast-spiking parvalbumin, and somatostatin interneurons within the striatum (caudate and putamen nuclei)...
February 28, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38463948/wake-eeg-oscillation-dynamics-reflect-both-sleep-need-and-brain-maturation-across-childhood-and-adolescence
#36
Sophia Snipes, Elena Krugliakova, Valeria Jaramillo, Carina Volk, Melanie Furrer, Mirjam Studler, Monique LeBourgeois, Salome Kurth, Oskar G Jenni, Reto Huber
An objective measure of brain maturation is highly insightful for monitoring both typical and atypical development. Slow wave activity, recorded in the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG), reliably indexes changes in brain plasticity with age, as well as deficits related to developmental disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Unfortunately, measuring sleep EEG is resource-intensive and burdensome for participants. We therefore aimed to determine whether wake EEG could likewise index developmental changes in brain plasticity...
February 28, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38462041/novel-pharmacological-targets-for-gabaergic-dysfunction-in-adhd
#37
REVIEW
Anthony S Ferranti, Deborah J Luessen, Colleen M Niswender
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopment disorder that affects approximately 5% of the population. The disorder is characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and deficits in attention and cognition, although symptoms vary across patients due to the heterogenous and polygenic nature of the disorder. Stimulant medications are the standard of care treatment for ADHD patients, and their effectiveness has led to the dopaminergic hypothesis of ADHD in which deficits in dopaminergic signaling, especially in cortical brain regions, mechanistically underly ADHD pathophysiology...
March 8, 2024: Neuropharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38462014/neurologic-changes-induced-by-whole-brain-synchrotron-microbeam-irradiation-10-months-behavioral-and-veterinary-follow-up
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L Eling, C Verry, J Balosso, I Flandin, S Kefs, A Bouchet, J F Adam, J A Laissue, R Serduc
PURPOSE: Novel radiotherapy approaches have increased the therapeutic efficacy for malignant brain tumors over the last decades but the balance between therapeutic gain and radiotoxicity remains a medical hardship. Synchrotron Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT), an innovative technique, deposes extremely high (peak) doses in micron-wide, parallel microbeam paths, while the diffusing inter-beam (valley) doses lie in the range of conventional radiotherapy doses. In this study, we evaluated normal tissue toxicity of whole-brain microbeam irradiation (MBI) versus that of a conventional, hospital broad beam (hBB)...
March 8, 2024: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38454447/pathophysiology-of-acute-lung-injury-in-patients-with-acute-brain-injury-the-triple-hit-hypothesis
#39
REVIEW
Mairi Ziaka, Aristomenis Exadaktylos
It has been convincingly demonstrated in recent years that isolated acute brain injury (ABI) may cause severe dysfunction of peripheral extracranial organs and systems. Of all potential target organs and systems, the lung appears to be the most vulnerable to damage after ABI. The pathophysiology of the bidirectional brain-lung interactions is multifactorial and involves inflammatory cascades, immune suppression, and dysfunction of the autonomic system. Indeed, the systemic effects of inflammatory mediators in patients with ABI create a systemic inflammatory environment ("first hit") that makes extracranial organs vulnerable to secondary procedures that enhance inflammation, such as mechanical ventilation (MV), surgery, and infections ("second hit")...
March 7, 2024: Critical Care: the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38453468/insula-amygdala-and-insula-thalamus-pathways-are-involved-in-comorbid-chronic-pain-and-depression-like-behavior-in-mice
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jing Chen, Yuan Gao, Shu-Ting Bao, Ying-Di Wang, Tao Jia, Cui Yin, Cheng Xiao, Chunyi Zhou
The comorbidity of chronic pain and depression poses tremendous challenges for the treatment of either one because they exacerbate each other with unknown mechanisms. As the posterior insular cortex (PIC) integrates multiple somatosensory and emotional information and is implicated in either chronic pain or depression, we hypothesize that the PIC and its projections may contribute to the pathophysiology of comorbid chronic pain and depression. We show that PIC neurons were readily activated by mechanical, thermal, aversive, and stressful and appetitive stimulation in naïve and neuropathic pain male mice subjected to spared nerve injury (SNI)...
March 7, 2024: Journal of Neuroscience
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