LARP

Neurogenesis involves the precisely coordinated action of genetic programs controlling large-scale neuronal fate specification down to terminal events of neuronal differentiation. The Q neuroblasts in Caenorhabditis elegans, QL on the left and QR on the right, divide, differentiate, and migrate in a similar pattern to produce three neurons each. However, QL on the left migrates posteriorly, and QR on the right migrates anteriorly. The MAB-5/Hox transcription factor is necessary and sufficient for posterior Q lineage migration and is normally expressed only in the QL lineage...

PURPOSE: This article presents a comprehensive exploration of neurovascular anatomy of the encephalon, focusing specifically on the intricate network within the posterior circulation and the posterior fossa anatomy; enhancing understanding of its dynamics, essential for practitioners in neurosurgery and neurology areas. METHOD: A profound literature review was conducted by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using main keywords related to neurovascular anatomy...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Different digital methods have been described for transferring the maxillary cast into a virtual articulator; however, its accuracy remains uncertain. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of the maxillary cast transfer into the virtual semi-adjustable articulator by using analog and digital methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A maxillary typodont with 5 markers was positioned into a mannequin, which was digitized by using an industrial scanner (ATOS Q) and an extraoral scan of the typodont obtained (T710)...

We describe our first experience with the Triolifter (Fuji Systems, Yokohama, Japan) in cardiac surgery. The Triolifter is a less expensive, novel organ fixation device developed as a fixation indenter mainly for traction of the lung under video-assisted surgery and is now available in Japan. An 84-year-old man diagnosed with unstable angina pectoris underwent emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under cardiac arrest. Following the declamping of the aorta and the resumption of the beating heart, bleeding from the left anterior descending artery (LAD) anastomosis site was observed...

A transseptal coronary artery course, also known as a transconal course, is an anomalous course of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) or the left anterior descending artery (LAD) through the conal septal myocardium. The conal septal myocardium is the posterior wall of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), acting as a dividing myocardial wall between the subaortic and subpulmonary outflow tracts. The initial segment of a transseptal coronary artery has an extraconal course between the aorta and the RVOT cranial to the true intramyocardial segment...

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is very complex and modern instrumentation techniques offer multiple possibilities. Despite numerous publications, there is no clear consensus on the optimal strategy for the correction of scoliotic deformities. The goal of this study was to summarize the current surgical strategies for specific AIS cases within various countries. METHOD: Thirty-two experienced scoliosis surgeons from 15 countries were asked to plan surgeries on 12 representative AIS cases...

BACKGROUND: Hepatic artery infusion pump (HAIP) with floxuridine/dexamethasone and systemic chemotherapy is an established treatment regimen, which had been reported about converting 47% of patients with stage 4 colorectal liver metastasis from unresectable to resectable.1,2 To this effect, HAIP chemotherapy contributes to prolonged survival of many patients, which otherwise may not have other treatment options. Biliary sclerosis, however, is a known complication of the HAIP treatment, which occurs in approximately 5...

BACKGROUND: Cardiac herniation occurs when there is a residual pericardial defect post thoracic surgery and is recognised as a rare but fatal complication. It confers a high mortality and requires immediate surgical correction upon recognition. We present a case of cardiac herniation occurring post thymectomy and left upper lobectomy. CASE PRESENTATION: Initial presentation: A 48-year-old male, hypertensive smoker presented with progressive breathlessness and was found to have a left upper zone mass confirmed on CT biopsy as carcinoid of unclear origin...

PURPOSE: The study aims to compare morphology and location of crystalline lens between acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE) patients and control subjects, both before and after cycloplegia. METHODS: This is a prospective and observational clinical study. Morphological and locational parameters of the crystalline lens in 53 AACE patients and 32 control subjects were assessed before and after cycloplegia using CASIA2 system, which represents the latest swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography...

We report a case of isolated left abducens nerve palsy accompanying a right thalamic infarct. The patient, a 43-year-old Malay male with newly diagnosed hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, initially reported binocular diplopia on left lateral gaze persisting for five weeks. Subsequently, he experienced acute left-sided body weakness and slurred speech for over one day. Clinical examination revealed restricted left eye lateral gaze (-3) with no relative afferent pupillary defect...

PURPOSE: The Xsight lung tracking system (XLTS) utilizes an advanced image processing algorithm to precisely identify the position of a tumor and determine its location in orthogonal x-ray images, instead of finding fiducials, thereby minimizing the risk of fiducial insertion-related side effects. To assess and gauge the effectiveness of CyberKnife Synchrony in treating liver tumors located in close proximity to or within the diaphragm, we employed the Xsight diaphragm tracking system (XDTS), which was based on the XLTS...

BACKGROUND: Tumor regression and organ movements indicate that a large margin is used to ensure target volume coverage during radiotherapy. This study aimed to quantify inter-fractional movements of the uterus and cervix in patients with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy and to evaluate the clinical target volume (CTV) coverage. METHODS: This study analyzed 303 iterative cone beam computed tomography (iCBCT) scans from 15 cervical cancer patients undergoing external beam radiotherapy...

Introduction  Onodi cells (OCs) are posterior ethmoid cells that are located above the sphenoid sinus, close to or even surrounding the carotid artery and optic nerve. Objective  To investigate and evaluate the volumetric variation of OCs through multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) scans. Methods  We performed a retrospective review of MSCT scans of 79 subjects, 40 male and 39 female patients, Whose age ranged from 18 to 83 (mean: 39.6) years. The volumes of the OCs on the right and left sides were measured using the ITK-SNAP software (open-source) with semiautomatic segmentation...

PURPOSE: Neuronavigation systems coupled with previously reported external anatomical landmarks assist neurosurgeons during intracranial procedures. We aimed to verify whether the posterior auricularis muscle (PAM) could be used as an external landmark for identifying the sigmoid sinus (SS) and the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction (TSSJ) during posterior cranial fossa surgery. METHODS: The PAM was dissected in 10 adult cadaveric heads, and after drilling the underlying bone, the relationships with the underlying SS and TSSJ were noted...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Digital photographs can be used for transferring the maxillary cast into the virtual semi-adjustable articulator; however, its accuracy remains unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to compare the accuracy of the maxillary cast transfer into the virtual semi-adjustable articulator by using an analog and a digital standardized photography technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A maxillary cast was digitized (T710) and positioned into a dental mannequin...

PURPOSE: To examine hemodynamic and functional connectivity alterations and their association with neurocognitive and mental health indices in patients with chronic mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). METHODS: Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and neuropsychological assessment of 37 patients with chronic mTBI were performed. Intrinsic connectivity contrast (ICC) and time-shift analysis (TSA) of the rs-fMRI data allowed the assessment of regional hemodynamic and functional connectivity disturbances and their coupling (or uncoupling)...

BACKGROUND: Shear wave elastography (SWE) is mainly used for stiffness estimation of large, homogeneous tissues, such as the liver and breasts. However, little is known about its accuracy and applicability in thin (∼0.5-2 mm) vessel walls. To identify possible performance differences among vendors, we quantified differences in measured wave velocities obtained by commercial SWE implementations of various vendors over different imaging depths in a vessel-mimicking phantom. For reference, we measured SWE values in the cylindrical inclusions and homogeneous background of a commercial SWE phantom...

Reversed flow in the basilar artery can be acquired or congenital. Acquired reversed flow in the basilar artery can result from acute thrombosis of the basilar artery or retrograde vertebral artery flow. Congenital continuous retrograde basilar artery flow has not been described. We report a 2-day-old male presenting with hypocalcemic seizures which led us to obtain a Duplex echoencephalogram. An echocardiogram was subsequently ordered. In the coronal plane through the anterior fontanelle, retrograde flow was seen in the basilar artery and the right vertebral artery...

INTRODUCTION: The measurement of bite force is increasingly gaining importance in dentistry. This preliminary report evaluates the maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) of young healthy individuals with normal occlusion and correlates the effect of age and gender with the maximum bite force (MBF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 405 participants in the age group of 18 to 40 years were selected from the outpatient department meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. MVBF was measured with the help of a digital device called "Byte" at incisors, right first molar, and left first molar region...

A newly developed wearable balance diagnosis and treatment system was studied to evaluate the indexes of the abnormal balance function in patients with vestibular vertigo. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 30 patients diagnosed with non-acute vestibular vertigo in the outpatient department of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from July 2022 to May 2023 were selected as the vertigo group, including 13 males and 17 females, and aged (45.7±13.9) years. Meanwhile, 20 healthy controls (8 males and 12 females) were included as the control group, with a mean age of (43...