Cranio sacral

PURPOSE: To describe the normal cervical sagittal alignment of the pediatric spine in a normal population and to identify the changes during growth period. METHODS: We randomly selected in PACS database 150 full-spine standing views. Exclusion criteria were: age >18 years, spinal deformity and any disease affecting the spine (medical charts reviewing). For cervical alignment we measured: OC-angle according to Mc Gregor, C1C7 angle, upper cervical angle, inferior cervical angle and C7 tilt...

In light of advancements in imaging techniques and basic science studies, this study proposes modifications in the existing Castellvi's classification for better clinical and biomechanical correlation of LSTV subtypes. LSTVs are commonly occurring variations of the lower spine. The current system does not include functionally important structural variations of the neural arch components and sacral auricular surfaces induced by LSTV afflictions within the classification. This study is an attempt to integrate vital biomechanical correlates into the proposed modification...

UNLABELLED: Study Type - Diagnostic (case series) Level of Evidence 4. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and transvaginal electrical stimulation (TES) are two commonly used forms of conservative treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). PFMT may build up the structural support of the pelvis, but many SUI patients are unable to perform PFMT effectively and its primary disadvantage is lack of long-term patient compliance...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether rostral extension of the hind limbs increases the cranio-caudal dorsal interlaminar distance between the seventh lumbar vertebra and the sacral bone (LS distance) in sternally recumbent anesthetized dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Eighteen dogs (eight neutered males, three intact males, six spayed females, one intact female) of various breeds, weighing 4-34 kg and ranging in age from 1 to 13 years...

Ependymomas are uncommon tumors that arise in the brain, spinal cord or cauda equina. Myxopapillary ependymomas is located exclusively in the conus medullaris or cauda equina, or film terminale region. In most myxopapillary ependymomas, the histological examination reveals low mitotic activity that is associated with a low MIB-1 labeling index (LI). The prognosis is generally favorable, when the appropriate treatment, including a total resection, is performed. The authors encountered a 39-year-old man with multifocal type of myxopapillary ependymomas compressing the cauda equina from the L2 to L3 level and L5-S1 level...

Given the importance of thoraco-lumbar spine movements in the locomotion of mammals, it is surprising that in vivo three-dimensional (3-D) data on the intervertebral movement of the mammalian thoraco-lumbar vertebral column during symmetrical gaits is limited to horses and dogs. To test whether kinematic patterns similar to those published for these cursorial species are also present during a contrasting mode of quadrupedalism, we quantified thoraco-lumbar intervertebral movements, the resulting pelvic displacements and relative femoral movements during the trot-like steady-state suspensory quadrupedal locomotion of the two-toed sloth (Xenarthra, Choloepus didactylus)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate abnormalities in the skeleton (with the exclusion of the skull, cervical spine, hands and feet) in patients with Laron syndrome, who have an inborn growth hormone resistance and congenital insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) deficiency. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: The study group was composed of 15 untreated patients with Laron syndrome (seven male and eight female) aged 21-68 years. Plain films of the axial and appendicular skeleton were evaluated retrospectively for abnormalities in structure and shape...

The localization and morphological features of viscerosensory neurons of sacral spinal ganglia (SSG), innervating the colon, were investigated. In urethane anaesthetized cats, the solution of horseradish peroxidase was injected under the serosa of ascending and descending parts of the colon as well as of the rectum. After 48 hours animals were repeatedly anesthetized and transcardially perfused. Sections of SSG were stained according to Mezulam protocol (1978). All the regions of the colon studied were shown to receive afferent innervation from neurons of SSG SI, SII and SIII...

The earliest signs of the lymphatic vascular system are the lymph sacs, which develop adjacent to specific embryonic veins. It has been suggested that sprouts from the lymph sacs form the complete lymphatic vascular system. We have studied the origin of the jugular lymph sacs (JLS), the dermal lymphatics and the lymph hearts of avian embryos. In day 6.5 embryos, the JLS is an endothelial-lined sinusoidal structure. The lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) stain (in the quail) positive for QH1 antibody and soybean agglutinin...

The chronic state of whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) might be understood as a somatization of existential pain. Intervention aimed to improve quality of life (QOL) seemed to be a solution for such situations. The basic idea behind the intervention was holistic, restoring quality of life and relationship with self, in order to diminish tension in the locomotion system, especially the neck. A psychosomatic theory for WAD is proposed. Our treatment was a short 2-day course with teachings in philosophy of life, followed by 6-10 individual sessions in gestalt psychotherapy and body therapy (Rosen therapy and Cranio Sacral therapy), followed by a 1-day course approximately 2 months later, closing the intervention...

UNLABELLED: IObjective: Our purpose was to investigate the interaction of the important components of spinal cord blood supply in the pig model to enable its use for future studies of spinal cord protection. METHODS: 25 juvenile pigs (20-22 Kg) underwent serial intercostal (IC) or lumbar artery (LA) ligation until disappearance of motor evoked potentials (MEPs). Pigs underwent sequential craniocaudal (IC/LA ligation alone (n=5); following clamping of both subclavian arteries (n=4)m, or clamping of the median sacral artery (MSA, n=4); preceded by clamping of the subclavian arteries (n=4), or of the MSA (n=4)...

According to a questionnaire of 830 patients and 153 neurologists, both a timely asking for medical care and a timely treatment at specialized neurology hospitals are the key factor that cuts the rate of complications in craniocerebral trauma. Finally, a differential approach to treatment schemes with due respect to a trauma severity, availability of rehabilitation centers and application of new medical technologies, e.g. cranio-sacral therapy, are equally important.

The paper analyses the effect of mild gravitational overload (MGO) produced by patient's centrifugation in short-radius centrifuge in cranio-sacral orientation (+Gz) as a part of combined therapy for lower limb arteriosclerosis obliterans. Total 211 patients with I-II grade disease were divided into 3 groups: the first group (59 patients) was treated only by MGO, the second (100 patients) received both MGO and conventional conservative therapy, the third control group (52 patients) underwent conventional therapy only...

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate the interaction of the important components of spinal cord blood supply in the pig model to enable its use for future studies of spinal cord protection. METHODS: Twenty-five juvenile pigs (20-22 kg) underwent serial intercostal (IC) or lumbar artery (LA) ligation until disappearance of motor evoked potentials (MEPs). Pigs underwent sequential craniocaudal IC/LA ligation alone (n=5); following clamping of both subclavian arteries (n=4), or clamping of the median sacral artery (MSA, n=4)...

Mouse Cdx and Hox genes presumably evolved from genes on a common ancestor cluster involved in anteroposterior patterning. Drosophila caudal (cad) is involved in specifying the posterior end of the early embryo, and is essential for patterning tissues derived from the most caudal segment, the analia. Two of the three mouse Cdx paralogues, Cdx 1 and Cdx2, are expressed early in a Hox-like manner in the three germ layers. In the nascent paraxial mesoderm, both genes are expressed in cells contributing first to the most rostral, and then to progressively more caudal parts of the vertebral column...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

13 patients were managed surgically for dysontogenetic tumours of vertebral column between 1970 and 1997. 6 males and 7 females aged from 3 to 45 years (average age = 28.46 +/- SD 12.81 years). At the cranio-vertebral junction one tumour was localised. Other tumours were in different segments of vertebral column as follows: 3 cases in thoracic segment, 6--in lumbar and 2--in lumbo-sacral region. X-ray examination revealed coexistence of dysraphic or other spinal defects in 10 cases. Surgery was carried out in all cases using various technique...

Stimuli that are interpreted by the brain as extreme or threatening, regardless of their modality, elicit an immediate stereotypic response characterized by enhanced cognition, affective immobility, vigilance, autonomic arousal and a global catabolic state. The brain's ability to mobilize this so-called stress response is paralleled by activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in several nuclei, including the hypothalamus, amygdala and locus ceruleus, and stimulation of the locus ceruleus norepinephrine (LC/NE) system in the brain stem...

The spinal projections of afferent fibers innervating the facet joints between caudal vertebrae were examined by the use of anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Experiments were performed on 5 adult cats in which spinal dorsal roots below the 2nd sacral segment (S2) on the right side were cut. Injections of WGA-HRP into the caudal facet joints gave rise to extensive cranio-caudal distribution of WGA-HRP positive products along the spinal cord, indicating that many afferent fibers innervating unilateral facet joints terminate bilaterally in laminae I-II, V-VI and X of the thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal spinal cord...