Neonatal seizure

BACKGROUND: To determine the association between early infection risk factors and short-term outcomes in infants with neonatal encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia (NE). METHODS: A retrospective population-based cohort study utilizing the National Neonatal Research Database that included infants with NE admitted to neonatal units in England and Wales, Jan 2008-Feb 2018. EXPOSURE: one or more of rupture of membranes >18 h, maternal group B streptococcus colonization, chorioamnionitis, maternal pyrexia or antepartum antibiotics...

We aimed to determine the composite maternal hemorrhagic outcome (CMHO) among individuals with and without HDP, stratified by disease severity. Additionally, we investigated the composite neonatal adverse outcome (CNAO) among individuals with HDP who had versus did not have PPH. Our retrospective cohort study included all singletons who delivered at a Level IV center over two consecutive years. The primary outcome was the rate of CMHO, defined as blood loss ≥ 1000 mL, use of uterotonics, mechanical tamponade, surgical techniques for atony, transfusion, venous thromboembolism, ICU admission, hysterectomy, or maternal death...

This retrospective cohort study described the obstetric and neonatal outcomes, antiseizure medication (ASM) use, and types of seizures in pregnant women with epilepsy (PWWE). Data collected from the medical records of 224 PWWE aged < 40 years with controlled or refractory seizures and 492 pregnant women without epilepsy (PWNE) control group from high-risk maternity hospitals in Alagoas between 2008 and 2021 were included in this study. The obstetric and neonatal outcomes observed in PWWE were pregnancy-related hypertension (PrH) (18...

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a clinically defined syndrome of disturbed neurologic function in the newborn with evidence of perinatal asphyxia. Stages of HIE are categorised into mild, moderate or severe based on the Sarnat classification. Neurological dysfunction constitutes a part of the wide spectrum of hypoxic ischemic insult as affected infants can have co-existing multi-organ dysfunction which further contributes to morbidities and mortality. This study aims to determine the relationship between the severity of HIE with multi-organ complications and early clinical outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), caused due to reduced oxygenation and brain blood flow, occurs in 1-8 per 1000 live full-term births in developed countries and up to 26 per 1000 live in the developing world. The growth status of survivors of birth HIE has not been evaluated sufficiently. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated, the growth parameters (weight, height, and head circumference) of neonates with Sarnat stage.2 of HIE at 6, 10, and 12 months and its relationship with findings of neonatal brain diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence...

INTRODUCTION: Alexander disease (AxD) is a rare neurodegenerative condition that represents the group of leukodystrophies. The disease is caused by GFAP mutation. Symptoms usually occur in the infantile age with macrocephaly, developmental deterioration, progressive quadriparesis, and seizures as the most characteristic features. In this case report, we provide a detailed clinical description of the neonatal type of AxD. METHOD: Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), including a panel of 49 genes related to Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy (EIEE), was carried out, and then Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) was performed on the proband's DNA extracted from blood...

During the last two decades, the incidence of late-onset sepsis (LOS) has increased due to improved survival of premature neonates. Persistent bacteremia (PB) in LOS is defined as more than two positive blood cultures obtained on different calendar days during the same infectious episode. Although rare, PB should be treated aggressively to prevent adverse outcomes. Daptomycin, a lipopeptide antibiotic, has been used in neonates with persistent coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) bacteremia with promising results, but studies reporting on the efficacy and safety of the agent are scarce...

Brain maturity and many clinical treatments such as therapeutic hypothermia (TH) can significantly influence the morphology of neonatal EEG seizures after hypoxia-ischemia (HI), and so there is a need for generalized automatic seizure identification. This study validates efficacy of advanced deep-learning pattern classifiers based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) for seizure detection after HI in fetal sheep and determines the effects of maturation and brain cooling on their accuracy. The cohorts included HI-normothermia term ( n = 7), HI-hypothermia term ( n = 14), sham-normothermia term ( n = 5), and HI-normothermia preterm ( n = 14) groups, with a total of >17,300 h of recordings...

BACKGROUND Familial hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia (HSH) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder (OMIM# 602014) caused by mutations in the gene encoding transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6)) on chromosome 9q22, a channel involved in epithelial magnesium resorption. While a plethora of studies have delineated various clinical manifestations pertinent to this mutation, the literature is devoid of connections between TRPM6 mutations and bleeding diathesis, or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)...

Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) are caused by abnormal neuronal migration processes during the fetal period and are a major cause of intractable epilepsy in infancy. However, the timing of hyperexcitability or epileptogenesis in MCDs remains unclear. To identify the early developmental changes in the brain of the MCD rat model, which exhibits increased seizure susceptibility during infancy (P12-15), we analyzed the pathological changes in the brains of MCD model rats during the neonatal period and tested NMDA-induced seizure susceptibility...

BACKGROUND: Non-polio enteroviruses (EV) and human parechoviruses (HPeV) are known etiological agents of meningoencephalitis in neonates. However, reports of neuroradiological findings and neurodevelopmental outcomes in this population are scarce. OBJECTIVES: to describe clinical characteristics, neuroradiological findings and, in a subset of patients, neurodevelopmental outcomes in a cohort of infants with EV or HPeV meningoencephalitis within 60 days of life. STUDY DESIGN: clinical/laboratory data, neuroradiological findings (cranial ultrasound, cUS, brain magnetic resonance imaging, MRI), and neurodevelopmental outcomes assessed by Ages and Stages Questionnaires - third edition were prospectively collected...

To evaluate EEG monitoring during neonatal ECMO and to identify any correlations between seizure detection to abnormal neuroimaging. Eight-year, service evaluation of neonates who received at least one continuous EEG (cEEG) whilst on ECMO at Great Ormond Street Hospital. Pearson's chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to assess clinical and EEG variables association with seizures and neuroimaging findings. Fifty-seven neonates were studied; 57 cEEG recordings were reviewed...

BACKGROUND: Birth asphyxia is a major cause of infant death across the world, especially in developing countries, where the issue is significantly underreported and underestimated, particularly in fragile and conflict-affected states. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for birth asphyxia in women at Jiblah University Hospital in Ibb, Yemen, and its predictive factors throughout six years of conflict. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional chart review and analysis of the birth database spanning from June 2013 to September 2019 at Jiblah University Hospital in Ibb, Yemen...

Introduction Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a neurologic emergency mainly affecting children under the age of two. Clinical symptoms are rarely evident in children, thus making a diagnosis is a challenge. Antibiotic therapy should be started timely to ensure the avoidance of significant morbidity and mortality. This study aims to assess the outcomes, mortality, and symptomatology of children presenting with BM in allied hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan. Methods It is a cross-sectional study employing a sample size of 201, conducted at the Allied Hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan from a period of January 2023 to August 2023...

OBJECTIVE: To compare adverse neonatal outcomes associated with the trial of labor after cesarean section (TOLAC) at term in pregnancies according to maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI kg/m2) and the presence of previous vaginal delivery (VD). METHODS: This was a repeated cross-sectional analysis of individuals with singleton, cephalic, and term deliveries with a history of one or two cesarean deliveries in the Linked Birth/Infant Death data from 2011 to 2020...

INTRODUCTION: Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) type A, a rare mitochondrial disorder with characteristic clinical presentation and imaging findings, is one of the forms of molybdenum cofactor deficiency. It presents with seizures, psychomotor delay, and breastfeeding difficulties. Seizures are especially prominent in patients with MoCD. CASE PRESENTATION: A 3-month-old girl presented with refractory generalized tonic-clonic seizures since the third day of life...

Children who experienced moderate perinatal asphyxia (MPA) are at risk of developing long lasting subtle cognitive and behavioral deficits, including learning disabilities and emotional problems. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) regulates cognitive flexibility and emotional behavior. Neurons that release serotonin (5-HT) project to the PFC, and compounds modulating 5-HT activity influence emotion and cognition. Whether 5-HT dysregulations contribute to MPA-induced cognitive problems is unknown. We established a MPA mouse model, which displays recognition and spatial memory impairments and dysfunctional cognitive flexibility...

Introduction. Levetiracetam (LEV) is an antiepileptic drug approved by the Chilean Institute of Public Health as concomitant therapy for epileptic seizures in children older than 4 years of age. However, it is widely prescribed from the neonatal period, which makes it necessary to evaluate its off-label use. Objective. To determine the prescription-indication profile of LEV in the treatment of epileptic seizures in children younger than 4 years in a tertiary care hospital in southern Chile. Population and method...

Neonatal seizures are a common cause of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the recent decades, there have been significant improvements in perinatal and neonatal medicine and electroencephalograp hic monitoring that have enhanced the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal seizures in highincome countries. However, the management of neonatal seizures remains a major challenge in low- to middle-income countries, where the availabilityof resources is limited...

Colpocephaly is the disproportionate enlargement of the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles. It is usually diagnosed in the neonatal period or early childhood due to symptom severity. Adult cases of colpocephaly are rarely reported and often incidentally diagnosed. We report a case of colpocephaly with partial agenesis of the corpus callosum in a 30-year-old female with no past medical history. The patient presented after a syncopal episode with associated complaints of dizziness, vomiting, and chronic intermittent headaches...