Anus

BACKGROUND: In the era of organ preserving strategies in rectal cancer, insight into the efficacy of preoperative therapies is crucial. The goal of the current study was to evaluate and compare tumor response in rectal cancer patients according to their type of preoperative therapy. METHODS: All rectal cancer patients diagnosed between 2005 and 2014, receiving radiation therapy (RT, 5 × 5Gy; N = 764) or chemoradiation therapy (CRT; N = 5070) followed by total mesorectal excision after an interval of 5-15 weeks were retrieved from the nationwide Netherlands Cancer registry...

Three valid species of Parabembras are recognized: P. curta , P. robinsoni , and the new species P. multisquamata . Parabembras robinsoni from the southwestern Indian Ocean (South Africa to Mozambique) is easily distinguishable from the other species in having eleven spines in the first dorsal fin, a distinct symphyseal knob on the lower jaw, two preocular spines, and a single lachrymal spine. Parabembras multisquamata from the southwestern Pacific (Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea) and the Philippines, and P. curta , known from the northwestern Pacific (southern Japan to South China Sea), are similar in sharing the absence of a symphyseal knob on the lower jaw, the presence of two lachrymal spines, and a single preocular spine, but the former is clearly distinguished from the latter in usually having 10 spines in the first dorsal fin (vs...

Selaginella tamariscina ( S. tamariscina ) (Beauv.) Spring (Selaginellaceae) has been used in oriental medicine for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, chronic hepatitis, hyperglycemia, amenorrhea, hematuria, prolapse of the anus and metrorrhagia. In the present study, we isolated two strong anti-inflammatory compounds, the biflavonoids hinokiflavone (H) and 7′- O -methyl hinokiflavone (mH), from S. tamariscina and examined their anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated murine macrophages (RAW 264...

Allogeneic islet of Langerhans transplantation is a recognized beta-cell replacement therapy for patients affected by type 1 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a condition associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes for pregnant women and fetuses We report the case of a 29 year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus, who underwent successful allogeneic islet transplantation with simultaneous kidney transplantation. She achieved durable insulin independence after two islet infusions. Pregnancy was desired and planned 2 years after last islet infusion...

AIMS: Gastric heterotopia (GH) has been described throughout the gastrointestinal tract. However, the colorectal region is an extremely rare location for it. We describe the clinicopathologic features of GH of the colon, rectum, and anus. METHODS AND RESULTS: We identified 33 cases in 20 males and 13 females (median age 54 years; range, 4 months to 73 years). Sites included the rectum (N=26), anus (N=4), ileocecal junction (N=1), ascending colon (N=1) and descending colon (N=1)...

Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic inflammatory disorder involving the oral and genital mucosa, skin, eyes, gastrointestinal tract, joints, vasculature, and nervous. The gastrointestinal lesions accompanying with BD can extend along the full length of the tract, from the mouth to the anus, and show various clinical characteristics which is difficult to be differentiate from the other inflammatory bowel diseases including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Hence, the differential diagnosis is difficult and can affect treatment outcomes...

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to identify risk factors for postpartum anatomic pelvic organ prolapse (aPOP) by comparing women with and without aPOP at 6 weeks postpartum with regard to pelvic floor measurements antepartum and obstetrical characteristics. METHODS: We carried out a prospective observational cohort study including nulliparous pregnant women in a Norwegian university hospital. Participants underwent clinical examinations, including pelvic organ prolapse quantification system (POP-Q) and transperineal ultrasound at gestational week 21 and at 6 weeks postpartum...

BACKGROUND: When child sexual abuse (CSA) is suspected, the detection of anogenital anomalies is rare. In France, since 2011, most clinical examinations of children for whom CSA is suspected take place in the forensic medical service (FMS). OBJECTIVES: To describe a population of children examined for suspected CSA in the FMS of the Nancy Regional University Hospital Center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Children under the age of 18 who consulted for suspected CSA in the Nancy FMS between 2011 and 2015 were included...

Chemotherapy concurrent with radiotherapy has been widely used in clinical practice because the additional benefit on radiotherapy alone had shown. Head and neck cancer: CDDP concurrent with radiotherapy has been a standard treatment for 15years both in definitive setting and postoperative setting. Esophageal cancer: 5-FU/CDDP is the best partner for radiotherapy and appropriate radiation dose has been discussed. Anal cancer: Radical concurrent chemoradiotherapy with 5-FU and mitomycin C(MMC)remains the standard of care for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus...

PURPOSE: Prexasertib, a checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor, demonstrated single-agent activity in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the dose-escalation portion of a Phase I study (NCT01115790). Monotherapy prexasertib was further evaluated in patients with advanced SCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Patients were given prexasertib 105 mg/m2 as a 1-hour infusion on day 1 of a 14-day cycle. Expansion cohorts were defined by tumor and treatment line. Safety, tolerability, efficacy, and exploratory biomarkers were analyzed...

Mucositis is a side effect associated with the use of chemotherapy, and has a significant impact on the quality of life. Mucositis, by definition, refers to the inflammation of the mucosa and occurs throughout the alimentary tract from the mouth to anus. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) encompasses a family of transcription factors, which upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines. Both are recognized as key targets in developing therapeutic interventions for chemotherapy-induced mucositis, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibition may also be beneficial in reducing the severity and duration...

OBJECTIVES: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients with low coronary heights is generally denied but is not impossible. Information about these high-risk procedures is sparse. METHODS: Since May 2008, data of more than 3000 patients who had TAVI were prospectively collected in the institutional TAVI Karlsruhe registry. Characteristics, peri- and postoperative outcome of patients with low coronary heights of ≤7 mm were analysed according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2...

Foreign bodies that strike the body with their long edges can cause severe problems. From the hospitalization of the patients to the removal of the foreign body and from surgery to follow-up, working as a team in a well-organized manner is necessary. In the present research, we present our experience, including the hospitalization, initial assessment by the emergency team, examination, and treatment plan, of a pediatric patient who had a 12-m long iron bar that traversed from the right side of the anus to the loin; this impalement happened while the patient was sliding through a snow-covered street, and the patient had to wait on the snow until the fire department arrived and cut the iron bar...

Intersphincteric resection(ISR) is a valuable anus-preserving operation that avoids the need for permanent stoma in patients with super low rectal cancer. Recently, with the application and promotion of ISR, the rate of anus-preservation has been greatly elevated, however, some patients following ISR had poor anal function. Based on the knowledge of anal canal anatomical features for better anal function, we propose conformal sphincter-preserving operation (CSPO) for super low rectal cancer, which is a new integrated anus-preservation procedure with total mesorectal excision (TME), coloanal anastomosis, pull through resection, anal canal dissection, local resection and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery technology...

Congenital sodium diarrhea is a rare and life-threatening disorder characterized by a severe, secretory diarrhea containing high concentrations of sodium, leading to hyponatremia and metabolic acidosis. It may occur in isolation or in association with systemic features such as facial dysmorphism, choanal atresia, imperforate anus, and corneal erosions. Mutations in the serine protease inhibitor, Kunitz-Type 2 (SPINT2) gene have been associated with congenital sodium diarrhea and additional syndromic features...

BACKGROUND: Anterior sacral (ASM) leading to secondary rectothecal fistula is extremely rare and till date only five such cases have been described in world literature. CASE DESCRIPTION: Authors describe an uncomplicated case of 52 year old female patient presenting with CSF leak from anus who was investigated and found to have a ASM with rectothecal fistula. ASM and rectothecal fistula was subsequently repaired using posterior approach. Pertinent literature review, clinical findings, neuroimaging and surgical management are described for these rare lesions...

Given the growing use of electric bidet toilets in Japan and other countries, we assessed the relationship between bidet toilet use and haemorrhoids or urogenital infections. Data were collected using a web-based longitudinal survey. In total, 10 305 subjects randomly selected from panels of a Japanese website research company for the baseline survey in 2013 were asked about their frequency of bidet toilet use and receipt of a doctor's diagnosis or subjective symptom of haemorrhoids and urogenital infections...

Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC), either with human papillomavirus (HPV) (+) or (-), is a neoplastic disease with frequent recurrence and metastasis. To characterize ASCC genomes, we attempted to disclose novel alterations of ASCC genomes as well as other genetic features including mutation signatures. We performed whole-exome sequencing and copy number alteration (CNA) profiling for 8 ASCC samples from 6 patients (2 cases with primary and recurrent/metastatic tumors). We found known ASCC mutations (TP53, CDKN2A and PIK3CA) and CNAs (gains on 3q and 19q and losses on 11q and 13q)...

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. However, rectal GIST is rare, the incident rate of it is approximately 5% of all GISTs. Rectal GIST symptoms generally include bleeding and/or pain and occasionally, urinary symptoms. Immunohistochemical evaluation finds that most rectal GIST tumors are CD117 (KIT) positive, and are sometimes CD34, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA), smooth muscle actin, S-100, or vimentin positive...

OBJECTIVE: It is unknown if human papillomavirus (HPV) serum antibody responses vary by anatomic site of infection. We aimed to assess the seroprevalence for HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 in association with HPV DNA detection in different anatomic sites among women. METHODS: This cross sectional population-based study analyzed data from 524 women aged 16-64 years living in the San Juan metropolitan area of Puerto Rico (PR). Questionnaires were used to assess demographic and lifestyle variables, while anogenital and blood samples were collected for HPV analysis...