High dose rate

AIM: To improve the results of treatment of patients with urolithiasis who underwent endoscopic interventions using a ureteral access sheath (UAS) by developing a predictive model of ureteral dilatation without pre-stenting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 180 patients with kidney stones up to 20 mm were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: in the group 1 (n=79) UAS of 12/14 Ch was used, while in group II (n=101) UAS of 10/12 Ch was inserted...

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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection is considered a global public health emergency. Severe peripheral neuropathy caused by JEV infection has increased disability and mortality rates in recent years. Because there are very few therapeutic options for JEV infection, prompt investigations of the ability of clinically safe, efficacious and globally available drugs to inhibit JEV infection and ameliorate peripheral neuropathy are urgently needed. In this study, we found that high doses of intravenous immunoglobulin, a function inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (FIASMA), inhibited acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) and ceramide activity in the serum and sciatic nerve of JEV-infected rats, reduced disease severity, reversed electrophysiological and histological abnormalities, significantly reduced circulating proinflammatory cytokine levels, inhibited Th1 and Th17 cell proliferation, and suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory CD4 + cells into the sciatic nerve...

BACKGROUND: Unsupervised exercise intervention (UNSUP) appears to be a practical and beneficial strategy for older adults, although its feasibility and effectiveness compared to supervised exercise intervention (SUP) remains unknown. We aimed to compare the safety, attendance/adherence rates, and effectiveness of SUP versus UNSUP on physical function and well-being outcomes in older adults. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and APA PsycINFO up to September 2022 for randomized controlled trials comparing SUP versus UNSUP in older adults (≥ 60 years)...

Acanthamoeba spp. emerged as a clinically important pathogen related to amoebic keratitis. It is among the main causes of corneal transplantation and vision loss in ophthalmology. The treatment protocols have a low cure rate, high toxicity, and need for drug combination. Transition metal compounds have shown promising antiprotozoal effects. This study evaluates the amoebicidal activity of copper(II) coordination compounds in combination with chlorhexidine and the cytotoxicity to topical ocular application. These copper(II) coordination compounds were screened against Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites (ATCC 50492)...

PURPOSE: Colon cancer is a prevalent cancer globally, representing approximately 10% of all cancer cases and accounting for 10% of all cancer-related deaths. Therefore, finding new therapeutic methods with high efficiency will be very valuable. Cromolyn (C), a common anti-allergic and mast cell membrane stabilizing drug, has recently shown valuable anti-cancer effects in several studies. This study was designed to investigate the anti-cancer activity of cromolyn on colon cancer in vitro and in vivo and to determine values such as selectivity index and survival effect...

We established the optimal model by using the automatic machine learning method to predict the degradation efficiency of herbicide atrazine in soil, which could be used to assess the residual risk of atrazine in soil. We collected 494 pairs of data from 49 published articles, and selected seven factors as input features, including soil pH, organic matter content, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil moisture, initial concentration of atrazine, incubation time, and inoculation dose. Using the first-order reaction rate constant of atrazine in soil as the output feature, we established six models to predict the degradation efficiency of atrazine in soil, and conducted comprehensive analysis of model performance through linear regression and related evaluation indicators...

OBJECTIVE: Anticoagulation is crucial for patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to the high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the optimal anticoagulation regimen needs further exploration. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of diverse anticoagulation dosage dosages for COVID-19. METHODS: An updated meta-analysis was performed to assess the effect of thromboprophylaxis (standard, intermediate, and therapeutic dose) on the incidence of VTE, mortality and major bleeding among COVID-19 patients...

In recent years, the quest for an efficient and sustainable adsorbent material that can effectively remove harmful and hazardous dyes from industrial effluent has become more intense. The goal is to explore the capability of thermally modified nanocrystalline snail shells (TMNSS) as a new biosorbent for removing methylene blue (MB) dye from contaminated wastewater. TMNSS was employed in batch adsorption experiments to remove MB dye from its solutions, taking into account various adsorption parameters such as contact time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration...

Interactions between biological systems and nanomaterials have become an important area of study due to the application of nanomaterials in medicine. In particular, the application of nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis or treatment presents a challenging opportunity due to the complex biology of this disease spanning multiple time and spatial scales. A system-level analysis would benefit from mathematical modeling and computational simulation to explore the interactions between anticancer drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs), cells, and tissues, and the associated parameters driving this system and a patient's overall response...

Background Glutamatergic neuron-glioma synaptogenesis and peritumoral hyperexcitability promote glioma growth in a positive feedback loop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and estimated effect sizes of the AMPA-R antagonist, perampanel, on intraoperative electrophysiologic hyperexcitability and clinical outcomes. Methods An open-label trial was performed comparing perampanel to standard of care (SOC) in patients undergoing resection of newly-diagnosed radiologic high-grade glioma...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite hardware acceleration, state-of-the-art Monte Carlo (MC) dose engines require considerable computation time to reduce stochastic noise. We developed a deep learning (DL) based dose engine reaching high accuracy at strongly reduced computation times. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiotherapy treatment plans and computed tomography scans were collected for 350 treatments in a variety of tumor sites. Dose distributions were computed using a MC dose engine for <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...

BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir-velpatasvir in children aged 3-17 years with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection of any genotype were evaluated. METHODS: In this Phase 2, multicenter, open-label study, patients received once daily for 12 weeks either sofosbuvir-velpatasvir 400/100 mg tablet (12-17 years), 200/50 mg low dose tablet or oral granules (3-11 years and ≥17 kg), or 150/37.5 mg oral granules (3-5 years and <17 kg)...

OBJECTIVES: The inJectable Antiretroviral feasiBility Study (JABS) aimed to evaluate the implementation of long-acting regimens in a 'real world' Australian setting, with inclusion of participants with complex medical needs, social vulnerability and/or historical non-adherence. METHODS: JABS was a 12-month, single-centre, single-arm, open-label phase IV study of long-acting cabotegravir 600 mg plus rilpivirine 900 mg administered intramuscularly every 2 months to adults with treated HIV-1 infection...

The negative coordination of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) and growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R) involves in the repair processes of cellular injury. The allosteric U- or H-like modified GHRH dimer Grinodin and 2Y were comparatively evaluated in normal Kunming mice and hamster infertility models induced by CPA treatment. 1-3-9 µg of Grinodin or 2Y per hamster stem-cell-exhaustion model was subcutaneously administered once a week, respectively inducing 75-69-46 or 45-13-50% of birth rates...

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes substantial mortality and morbidity globally. Current treatments only alleviate symptoms and do not halt secondary injury progression. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the neuroprotective potential of Acorus calamus Linn. (AC) in a Drosophila melanogaster model of high-impact TBI. METHODS: Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) of the Oregon R + strain were administered hydroalcoholic extracts of Acorus calamus Linn...

BACKGROUND: Vitamin A plays a key role in lung development, but there is no consensus regarding the optimal vitamin A dose and administration route in extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants. We aimed to assess whether early postnatal additional high-dose fat-soluble enteral vitamin A supplementation versus placebo would lower the rate of moderate or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death in ELBW infants receiving recommended basic enteral vitamin A supplementation. METHODS: This prospective, multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled, investigator-initiated phase 3 trial conducted at 29 neonatal intensive care units in Austria and Germany assessed early high-dose enteral vitamin A supplementation (5000 international units [IU]/kg per day) or placebo (peanut oil) for 28 days in ELBW infants...

The global trend toward sustainable development, coupled with growing concerns about environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil energy resources, has contributed to the widespread implementation of biopolymers (BPs) as bio-solutions for geo-infrastructures stabilization. In this respect, previous attempts proved that soil treatment with BP can guarantee the strength improvement of geo-materials by satisfying environmental standards. However, the applications, mechanisms, and interactions of BPs within geo-environments need more investigations on their suitability for specific sites, long-term durability, and economic viability...

AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of VC on SIMI in rats. METHODS: In this study, the survival rate of high dose VC for SIMI was evaluated within 7 days. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups: Sham group, CLP group, and high dose VC (500 mg/kg i.v.) group. The animals in each group were treated with drugs for 1 day, 3 days or 5 days, respectively. Echocardiography, myocardial enzymes and HE were used to detect cardiac function. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) in serum were measured using ELISA kits...

PURPOSE: To compare patient and tumor characteristics, dosimetry, and toxicities between interstitial Syed-Neblett and intracavitary Fletcher-Suit-Delclos Tandem and Ovoid (T&O) applicators in high dose rate (HDR) cervical cancer brachytherapy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for cervical cancer patients treated with 3D-based HDR brachytherapy from 2011 to 2023 at a single institution. Dosimetric parameters for high-risk clinical target volume and organs at risk were obtained...