keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536964/lessons-from-insulin-policy-prescriptions-for-affordable-diabetes-and-obesity-medications
#1
REVIEW
Kathryn E Nagel, Reshma Ramachandran, Kasia J Lipska
Escalating insulin prices have prompted public scrutiny of the practices of drug manufacturers, pharmacy benefit managers, health insurers, and pharmacies involved in production and distribution of medications. As a result, a series of policies have been proposed or enacted to improve insulin affordability and foster greater equity in access. These policies have implications for other diabetes and obesity therapeutics. Recent legislation, at both the state and federal level, has capped insulin out-of-pocket payments for some patients...
March 27, 2024: Diabetes Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536874/gray-whale-eschrichtius-robustus-post-mortem-findings-from-december-2018-through-2021-during-the-unusual-mortality-event-in-the-eastern-north-pacific
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephen Raverty, Pádraig Duignan, Denise Greig, Jessica L Huggins, Kathy Burek Huntington, Michael Garner, John Calambokidis, Paul Cottrell, Kerri Danil, Dalin D'Alessandro, Deborah Duffield, Moe Flannery, Frances Md Gulland, Barbie Halaska, Dyanna M Lambourn, Taylor Lehnhart, Jorge Urbán R, Teri Rowles, James Rice, Kate Savage, Kristin Wilkinson, Justin Greenman, Justin Viezbicke, Brendan Cottrell, P Dawn Goley, Maggie Martinez, Deborah Fauquier
Beginning in December 2018, increased numbers of gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) strandings were reported along the west coast of Mexico, the United States, and Canada, prompting declaration of a gray whale Unusual Mortality Event (UME) by the United States National Marine Fisheries Service. Although strandings declined in 2020 and 2021 from a peak in 2019, the UME is still ongoing as of fall 2023. Between 17 December 2018 and 31 December 2021, 503 animals stranded along the west coast of North America, with 226 strandings in Mexico, 71 in California, 12 in Oregon, 56 in Washington, 21 in British Columbia, and 117 in Alaska...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536857/investigating-the-relationship-between-microbial-network-features-of-giant-kelp-seedbank-cultures-and-subsequent-farm-performance
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Melisa G Osborne, Ariel Levi Simons, Gary Molano, Bernadeth Tolentino, Anupam Singh, Gabriel J Montecinos Arismendi, Filipe Alberto, Sergey V Nuzhdin
Microbial inoculants can increase the yield of cultivated crops and are successful in independent trials; however, efficacy drops in large-scale applications due to insufficient consideration of microbial community dynamics. The structure of microbiomes, in addition to the impact of individual taxa, is an important factor to consider when designing growth-promoting inoculants. Here, we investigate the microbial network and community assembly patterns of Macrocystis pyrifera gametophyte germplasm cultures (collectively referred to as a "seedbank") used to cultivate an offshore farm in Santa Barbara, California, and identify network features associated with increased biomass of mature sporophytes...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536187/validation-of-a-multivariable-model-to-predict-suicide-attempt-in-a-mental-health-intake-sample
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Santiago Papini, Honor Hsin, Patricia Kipnis, Vincent X Liu, Yun Lu, Kristine Girard, Stacy A Sterling, Esti M Iturralde
IMPORTANCE: Given that suicide rates have been increasing over the past decade and the demand for mental health care is at an all-time high, targeted prevention efforts are needed to identify individuals seeking to initiate mental health outpatient services who are at high risk for suicide. Suicide prediction models have been developed using outpatient mental health encounters, but their performance among intake appointments has not been directly examined. OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of a predictive model of suicide attempts among individuals seeking to initiate an episode of outpatient mental health care...
March 27, 2024: JAMA Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536056/plant-soil-interactions-during-the-native-and-exotic-range-expansion-of-an-annual-plant
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicky Lustenhouwer, Tom M R Chaubet, Miranda K Melen, Wim H van der Putten, Ingrid M Parker
Range expansions, whether they are biological invasions or climate change-mediated range shifts, may have profound ecological and evolutionary consequences for plant-soil interactions. Range-expanding plants encounter soil biota with which they have a limited coevolutionary history, especially when introduced to a new continent. Past studies have found mixed results on whether plants experience positive or negative soil feedback interactions in their novel range, and these effects often change over time. One important theoretical explanation is that plants locally adapt to the soil pathogens and mutualists in their novel range...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535823/paradoxical-exception-to-island-tameness-increased-defensiveness-in-an-insular-population-of-rattlesnakes
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
William K Hayes, Carl E Person, Gerad A Fox, Julie L King, Erick Briggs, Eric C K Gren
Island tameness results largely from a lack of natural predators. Because some insular rattlesnake populations lack functional rattles, presumably the consequence of relaxed selection from reduced predation, we hypothesized that the Santa Catalina Island, California, USA, population of the southern Pacific rattlesnake ( Crotalus helleri , which possesses a functional rattle), would exhibit a decrement in defensive behavior relative to their mainland counterparts. Contrary to our prediction, rattlesnakes from the island not only lacked tameness compared to mainland snakes, but instead exhibited measurably greater levels of defensiveness...
March 18, 2024: Toxins
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535588/canine-schistosomiasis-in-the-west-coast-heterobilharzia-americana-in-two-natural-intermediate-hosts-found-in-the-colorado-river-california
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anil Baniya, Connor J Goldy, Jiranun Ardpairin, Perla Achi, Yu Wei Chang, Rose C Adrianza, Apichat Vitta, Adler R Dillman
The emergence of infectious diseases presents a significant global health, economic, and security risk. Climate change can unexpectedly lead to the spread of pathogens, vectors, or hosts into new areas, contributing to the rise of infectious diseases. Surveillance plays a crucial role in monitoring disease trends and implementing control strategies. In this study, we document the first discovery of Heterobilharzia americana , a parasitic schistosome of mammals and its intermediate hosts Galba cubensis and Galba humilis along the banks of the Colorado River in California...
March 13, 2024: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534189/physical-and-chemical-characteristics-of-walnut-juglans-regia-l-kernels-with-different-skin-lightness
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zatil A Athaillah, Selina C Wang
Walnuts undergo rigorous grading before being sold to customers. There are multiple parameters used for the grading, including skin lightness. Walnuts with light skin receive superior grades while walnuts with dark skin are given poor grades or even rejected. However, information on the quality and physicochemical properties of walnuts with varying skin lightness levels is minimal. Therefore, we studied the quality of kernels of varying skin lightness from three common cultivars grown in California, USA (Chandler, Howard, and Tulare)...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Food Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533947/representation-of-real-world-adults-with-chronic-kidney-disease-in-clinical-trials-supporting-blood-pressure-treatment-targets
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
June Li, Jaejin An, Mengjiao Huang, Mengnan Zhou, Maria E Montez-Rath, Fang Niu, John J Sim, Alan C Pao, Vivek Charu, Michelle C Odden, Manjula Kurella Tamura
BACKGROUND: Little is known about how well trial participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent real-world adults with CKD. We assessed the population representativeness of clinical trials supporting the 2021 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes blood pressure (BP) guidelines in real-world adults with CKD. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a cross-sectional analysis, we identified patients with CKD who met the guideline definition of hypertension based on use of antihypertensive medications or sustained systolic BP ≥120 mm Hg in 2019 in the Veterans Affairs and Kaiser Permanente of Southern California...
March 27, 2024: Journal of the American Heart Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533919/accurate-robust-and-scalable-machine-abstraction-of-mayo-endoscopic-subscores-from-colonoscopy-reports
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna L Silverman, Balu Bhasuran, Arman Mosenia, Fatema Yasini, Gokul Ramasamy, Imon Banerjee, Saransh Gupta, Taline Mardirossian, Rohan Narain, Justin Sewell, Atul J Butte, Vivek A Rudrapatna
BACKGROUND: The Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) is an important quantitative measure of disease activity in ulcerative colitis. Colonoscopy reports in routine clinical care usually characterize ulcerative colitis disease activity using free text description, limiting their utility for clinical research and quality improvement. We sought to develop algorithms to classify colonoscopy reports according to their MES. METHODS: We annotated 500 colonoscopy reports from 2 health systems...
March 26, 2024: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533758/culturally-adapting-relational-savoring-a-therapeutic-approach-to-improve-relationship-quality
#11
REVIEW
Jessica L Borelli, Elayne Zhou, Lyric N Russo, Frances H Li, Marta Tironi, Ken S Yamashita, Patricia A Smiley, Belinda Campos
Relational savoring (RS) is a brief, strengths-based approach to heightening attentional focus to moments of positive connectedness within relationships. RS can be administered preventatively or within an intervention context when a therapist aspires to foster more optimal relational functioning. Typically administered within a one-on-one therapy setting, RS has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing intra- and interpersonal outcomes. To increase access to mental health services, the developers of RS are committed to engaging in an iterative approach of enhancing the cultural congruence and accessibility of this intervention within various cultural contexts, beginning with Latine groups in Southern California...
March 27, 2024: Family Process
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533734/the-association-between-physical-activity-and-cognition-in-a-racially-ethnically-diverse-cohort-of-older-adults-results-from-the-kaiser-healthy-aging-and-diverse-life-experiences-study
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariana L Almeida, Anna M Pederson, Scott C Zimmerman, Ruijia Chen, Sarah Ackley, Alicia Riley, Chloe W Eng, Rachel A Whitmer, Kristen M George, Rachel L Peterson, Elizabeth Rose Mayeda, Paola Gilsanz, Dan M Mungas, Sarah Tomaszewski Farias, M Maria Glymour
OBJECTIVE: Most prior research on physical activity (PA) and cognition is based on predominantly white cohorts and focused on associations of PA with mean (average) cognition versus the distribution of cognition. Quantile regression offers a novel way to quantify how PA affects cognition across the entire distribution. METHODS: The Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences study includes 30% white, 19% black, 25% Asian, and 26% Latinx adults age 65+ living in Northern California (n = 1600)...
March 27, 2024: Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533591/healthcare-personnel-with-laboratory-confirmed-mpox-in-california-during-the-2022-outbreak
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Allison E Bailey, Shua J Chai, Robert E Snyder, David P Bui, Linda S Lewis, Kayla Saadeh, J Bradford Bertumen, Erin Epson, Jane D Siegel
The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) reviewed 109 cases of healthcare personnel (HCP) with laboratory-confirmed mpox to understand transmission risk in healthcare settings. Overall, 90% of HCP with mpox had nonoccupational exposure risk factors. One occupationally acquired case was associated with sharps injury while unroofing a patient's lesion for diagnostic testing.
March 27, 2024: Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533269/analysis-of-national-institutes-of-health-funding-for-the-covid-19-pandemic
#14
Adishesh K Narahari, Taylor M Horgan, Anirudha S Chandrabhatla, D Chris Gist, Paranjay D Patel, Mark A Lantieri, Jeffrey M Sturek, Claire L Davis, Patrick E H Jackson, Taison D Bell
BACKGROUND: Evaluating the National Institute's Health's (NIH's) response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic via grants and clinical trials is crucial to determining the impact they had on aiding US citizens. We determined how the NIH's funding for COVID-19 research was disbursed and used by various institutions across the United States. METHODS: We queried NIH RePORTER and isolated COVID-19-related grants from January 2020 to December 2021. We analyzed grant type, geographical location, and awardee institution...
March 2024: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532086/equity-inclusion-and-cultural-humility-contemporizing-the-neonatal-intensive-care-unit-family-centered-care-model
#15
REVIEW
Beatrice E Lechner, Stephanie K Kukora, Katheleen Hawes
Existing NICU family centered care models lack the key elements of equity, inclusion and cultural humility. These models were conceived to support families during the stressful life event of an infant's NICU admission. Their development, however, occurred prior to recognition of the medical field's systematic shortcomings in providing equitable care and their impact on outcome disparities for marginalized communities; thus, they do not include cultural or equitable healthcare considerations. Given the significant neonatal care inequities for marginalized groups, incorporating the experience of these patients in a targeted manner into family centered care frameworks is of critical importance to ensure culturally humble and thus more just and equitable treatment...
March 26, 2024: Journal of Perinatology: Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531668/epidemiology-and-treatment-outcomes-of-tuberculosis-with-chronic-hepatitis-b-infection-california-2016-2020
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Bradford Bertumen, Lisa Pascopella, Emily Han, Rosie Glenn-Finer, Robert J Wong, Amit Chitnis, Devan Jaganath, Mirna Jewell, Prabhu Gounder, Sara McElroy, Lauren Stockman, Pennan Barry
BACKGROUND: Improved epidemiologic and treatment data for active tuberculosis (TB) with chronic hepatitis B virus (cHBV) infection might inform and encourage screening and vaccination programs focused on persons at risk of having both conditions. METHODS: We matched the California Department of Public Health TB registry during 2016-2020 to the cHBV registry using probabilistic matching algorithms. We used chi-square analysis to compare the characteristics of persons with TB and cHBV with those with TB only...
March 26, 2024: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529856/colorectal-cancer-screening-rates-at-federally-qualified-health-centers-from-2014-to-2022-incomplete-recovery-from-covid-19-and-worsening-disparities
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew Y Zhao, Yvonne Y Lei, Megan R M Aaronson, Sadie R De Silva, Jayraan Badiee, Folasade P May
INTRODUCTION: Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) provide preventive health services such as colorectal cancer (CRC) screening to low-income and underinsured individuals. Overall CRC screening participation in the United States declined during the COVID-19 pandemic and recovered by 2021; however, trends in underresourced settings are unknown. METHODS: Using Uniform Data System data from 2014 to 2022, we assessed trends in FQHC CRC screening rates nationally, in California, and in Los Angeles County and determined clinic-level factors associated with recent screening rate changes...
March 27, 2024: American Journal of Gastroenterology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528086/field-scale-crop-water-consumption-estimates-reveal-potential-water-savings-in-california-agriculture
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Boser, Kelly Caylor, Ashley Larsen, Madeleine Pascolini-Campbell, John T Reager, Tamma Carleton
Efficiently managing agricultural irrigation is vital for food security today and into the future under climate change. Yet, evaluating agriculture's hydrological impacts and strategies to reduce them remains challenging due to a lack of field-scale data on crop water consumption. Here, we develop a method to fill this gap using remote sensing and machine learning, and leverage it to assess water saving strategies in California's Central Valley. We find that switching to lower water intensity crops can reduce consumption by up to 93%, but this requires adopting uncommon crop types...
March 25, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528079/correction-recommended-standards-for-newborn-icu-design
#19
Leslie Altimier, Sue Ann Barton, Jesse Bender, Joy Browne, Debra Harris, Carol B Jaeger, Beverley H Johnson, Carole Kenner, Kathleen J S Kolberg, Angela Loder, Gilbert L Martin, Sabah Mohammed, Teri Oelrich, Lynne Wilson Orr, M Kathleen Philbin, Mardelle McCuskey Shepley, Jonas Shultz, Judith A Smith, Tammy S Thompson, Robert D White
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 25, 2024: Journal of Perinatology: Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527471/effect-of-molnupiravir-on-sars-cov-2-evolution-in-immunocompromised-patients-a-retrospective-observational-study
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicholas M Fountain-Jones, Robert Vanhaeften, Jan Williamson, Janelle Maskell, I-Ly J Chua, Michael Charleston, Louise Cooley
INTRODUCTION: Continued SARS-CoV-2 infection among immunocompromised individuals is likely to play a role in generating genomic diversity and the emergence of novel variants. Antiviral treatments such as molnupiravir are used to mitigate severe COVID-19 outcomes, but the extended effects of these drugs on viral evolution in patients with chronic infections remain uncertain. This study investigates how molnupiravir affects SARS-CoV-2 evolution in immunocompromised patients with prolonged infections...
March 22, 2024: The Lancet. Microbe
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