crown architecture

Red crown rot (RCR) disease caused by Calonectria ilicicola negatively impacts soybean yield and quality. Unfortunately, the knowledge of the genetic architecture of RCR resistance in soybeans is limited. In this study, 299 diverse soybean accessions were used to explore their genetic diversity and resistance to RCR, and to mine for candidate genes via emergence rate (ER), survival rate (SR), and disease severity (DS) by a multi-locus random-SNP-effect mixed linear model of GWAS. All accessions had brown necrotic lesions on the primary root, with five genotypes identified as resistant...

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore and discuss recent advancements in tooth reconstruction utilizing deep learning (DL) techniques. A review on new DL methodologies in partial and full tooth reconstruction is conducted. DATA/SOURCES: PubMed, Google Scholar, and IEEE Xplore databases were searched for articles from 2003 to 2023. STUDY SELECTION: The review includes 9 articles published from 2018 to 2023. The selected articles showcase novel DL approaches for tooth reconstruction, while those concentrating solely on the application or review of DL methods are excluded...

Biologically-controlled mineralization producing organic-inorganic composites (hard skeletons) by metazoan biomineralizers has been an evolutionary innovation since the earliest Cambrian. Among them, linguliform brachiopods are one of the key invertebrates that secrete calcium phosphate minerals to build their shells. One of the most distinct shell structures is the organo-phosphatic cylindrical column exclusive to phosphatic-shelled brachiopods, including both crown and stem groups. However, the complexity, diversity, and biomineralization processes of these microscopic columns are far from clear in brachiopod ancestors...

Shoot branching affects plant architecture. In strawberry (Fragaria L.), short branches (crowns) develop from dormant axillary buds to form inflorescences and flowers. While this developmental transition contributes greatly to perenniality and yield in strawberry, its regulatory mechanism remains unclear and understudied. In the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca), we identified and characterized two independent mutants showing more crowns. Both mutant alleles reside in FveMYB117a, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene highly expressed in shoot apical meristems, axillary buds and young leaves...

The complex and heterogeneous genetic architecture of schizophrenia inspires us to look beyond individual risk genes for therapeutic strategies and target their interactive dynamics and convergence. Postsynaptic NMDA receptor (NMDAR) complexes are a site of such convergence. Src kinase is a molecular hub of NMDAR function, and its protein interaction subnetwork is enriched for risk-genes and altered protein associations in schizophrenia. Previously, Src activity was found to be decreased in post-mortem studies of schizophrenia, contributing to NMDAR hypofunction...

Optimizing the root architecture of crops is an effective strategy for improving crop yields. Soil compaction is a serious global problem that limits crop productivity by restricting root growth, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unclear. Here, we show that ethylene stimulates rice (Oryza sativa) crown root development in response to soil compaction. First, we demonstrate that compacted soil promotes ethylene production and the accumulation of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 1 (OsEIL1) in rice roots, stimulating crown root primordia initiation and development, thereby increasing crown root number in lower stem nodes...

OBJECTIVE: Automated medical image analysis solutions should closely mimic complete human actions to be useful in clinical practice. However, more often an automated image analysis solution represents only part of a human task, which restricts its practical utility. In the case of ultrasound-based fetal biometry, an automated solution should ideally recognize key fetal structures in freehand video guidance, select a standard plane from a video stream and perform biometry. A complete automated solution should automate all three subactions...

Neanderthal anterior teeth are very large and have a distinctive morphology characterized by robust 'shovel-shaped' crowns. These features are frequently seen as adaptive responses in dissipating heavy mechanical loads resulting from masticatory and non-masticatory activities. Although the long-standing debate surrounding this hypothesis has played a central role in paleoanthropology, is still unclear if Neanderthal anterior teeth can resist high mechanical loads or not. A novel way to answer this question is to use a multidisciplinary approach that considers together tooth architecture, dental wear and jaw movements...

This report outlines two digitally planned cases in which the teeth underwent magnetic extrusion to preserve the supracrestal tissue attachment and regain the ferrule, followed by their restoration. Case 1: A 42-year-old male with the chief concern of a fractured right maxillary second premolar. Following the completion of root canal treatment, the remaining tooth structure was insufficient to create a ferrule for tooth restoration. For this scenario, a rapid magnetic extrusion technique was performed on tooth #4 to obtain an approximate 3 mm ferrule...

Room-temperature magnetically switchable materials play a vital role in current and upcoming quantum technologies, such as spintronics, molecular switches, and data storage devices. The increasing miniaturization of device architectures produces a need to develop analytical tools capable of precisely probing spin information at the single-particle level. In this work, we demonstrate a methodology using negatively charged nitrogen vacancies (NV- ) in fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) particles to probe the magnetic switching of a spin crossover (SCO) metal-organic framework (MOF), [Fe(1,6-naphthyridine)2 (Ag(CN)2 )2 ] material ( 1 ), and a single-molecule photomagnet [X(18-crown-6)(H2 O)3 ]Fe(CN)6 ·2H2 O, where X = Eu and Dy (materials 2a and 2b , respectively), in response to heat, light, and electron beam exposure...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Variation in architectural traits related to the spatial and angular distribution of leaf area can have considerable impacts on canopy-scale fluxes contributing to water-use efficiency (WUE). These architectural traits are frequent targets for crop improvement, and for improving understanding and predictions of net ecosystem carbon and water fluxes. METHODS: A three-dimensional, leaf-resolving model along with a range of virtually-generated hypothetical canopies were used to quantify interactions between canopy structure and WUE by examining its response to variation of leaf inclination independent of leaf azimuth, canopy heterogeneity, vegetation density, and physiological parameters...

A biphenyl-23-crown-7 ether (BP23C7) is synthesized in 86% yield from commercially available starting materials. BP23C7 forms pseudo[2]rotaxane with a dibenzylammonium ion (DBA+ ), exhibiting a good association constant value ( k a = 1 × 103 M-1 ). Subsequently, fluorophoric properties of BP23C7 and anthracene terminated axles are blended to create responsive pseudo[2]rotaxanes. The "turn-on" fluorescence response of BP23C7 due to the addition of fluoride and chloride anions to pseudo[2]rotaxane systems has been investigated...

The evolution of arborescence in Devonian plants, followed by their architectural radiation in the Carboniferous, is a transition fundamental to Earth-system processes and ecological development. However, this evolutionary transition in trees is based on preserved trunks, of which only a few known specimens possess crowns. We describe Mississippian-aged (Tournaisian) trees with a unique three-dimensional crown morphology from New Brunswick, Canada. The trees were preserved by earthquake-induced, catastrophic burial of lake-margin vegetation...

ConspectusThe encapsulation of ions into macro(bi)cyclic hosts lies at the core of supramolecular chemistry. While chemically inert hosts such as crown ethers (synthesis) and cyclodextrins (Febreze) have enabled real-world applications, there is a wider and accelerating trend toward functional molecules and materials that are stimuli-responsive, degradable, or recyclable. To endow supramolecular hosts with these properties, a deviation from ether C-O bonds is required, and functional groups that engage in equilibrium reactions under relatively mild conditions are needed...

OBJECTIVES: The present case report describes the atraumatic extraction of a primary maxillary right canine followed by immediate implant placement with a customized zirconia abutment and monolithic ultra-translucent zirconia (5Y-PSZ) crown. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: A 31-year-old patient presented to the clinic with the primary concern of mobility and gingival inflammation around the maxillary right canine. After clinical evaluation, the tooth was found to be a primary retained tooth that presented grade 3 mobility and gingival inflammation...

Objective: To develop and evaluate metal artifact removal systems (MARS) based on deep learning to assess their effectiveness in removing artifacts caused by different thicknesses of metals in cone-beam CT (CBCT) images. Methods: A full-mouth standard model (60 mm×75 mm×110 mm) was three-dimensional (3D) printed using photosensitive resin. The model included a removable and replaceable target tooth position where cobalt-chromium alloy crowns with varying thicknesses were inserted to generate matched CBCT images...

In living organisms, information is processed in interconnected symphonies of ionic currents spiking through protein ion channels. As a result of dynamic switching of their conductive states, ion channels exhibit a variety of current-voltage nonlinearities and memory effects. Fueled by the promise of computing architectures entirely different from von Neumann, recent attempts to identify and harness similar phenomena in artificial nanofluidic environments focused on demonstrating analogue circuit elements with memory...

In the context of climate change conditions, addressing the shifting composition of forest stands and changes in traditional forest management practices are necessary. For this purpose, understanding the biomass allocation directly influenced by crown architecture is crucial. In this paper, we want to demonstrate the possibility of 3D mensuration of canopy architecture with the digitizer sensor Fastrak Polhemus and demonstrate its capability for assessing important structural information for forest purposes...

The metal-halide ionic octahedron is the optoelectronic unit for halide perovskites, and a crown ether-assisted supramolecular assembly approach can pack various ionic octahedra into tunable symmetries. In this work, we demonstrate near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) blue and green emission with the supramolecular assembly of hafnium (Hf) and zirconium (Zr) halide octahedral clusters. (18C6@K)2 HfBr6 powders showed blue emission with a near-unity PLQY (96.2%), and green emission was also achieved with (18C6@K)2 ZrCl4 Br2 powders at a PLQY of 82...

PURPOSE: The objective of this scoping review was to investigate the applicability and performance of various convolutional neural network (CNN) models in tooth numbering on panoramic radiographs, achieved through classification, detection, and segmentation tasks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An online search was performed of the PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases. Based on the selection process, 12 studies were included in this review. RESULTS: Eleven studies utilized a CNN model for detection tasks, 5 for classification tasks, and 3 for segmentation tasks in the context of tooth numbering on panoramic radiographs...